Download organization homeostasis study guide, answers

Study Guide: Organization & Homeostasis
Body Organization
1. In the flow chart below, list the five levels of organization in the human body in order from
simplest to most complex: organism, organ, tissue, cell, organ system.
cell
tissue
organ
organ
system
organism
2. Write the correct label for each description below: simple, complex, organism, organ, tissue,
cell, organ system.
Description
Label
Something that is made of many different parts or
units.
A group of cells that work together and have a
similar job to do (perform the same function).
A group of tissues that have a specialized job (the
heart is one of these).
Single living thing made of many systems (a
human being is an example of this).
Something that is not complicated or complex.
A group of organs that function together to perform a
certain role in the body (the stomach, small intestines, and
large intestines working together to digest food is an
example of this).
The basic unit of structure and function of an
organism.
3. Sort the following items into 2 groups: simple and complex.
multicellular organism
human
cell
unicellular organism
amoeba
protist
Simple
unicellular organism
amoeba
cell
protist
complex
tissue
organ
organism
simple
organ
system
cell
system
organ
Complex
multicellular organism
organ
system
human
4. Sort the following items into the correct level of organization: lungs, kidney, pancreas, skin,
heart, connective, muscle, liver, stomach, digestive, excretory, red blood cell, human,
neuron (nerve cell). Add at least one of your own answers to EACH category.
Cell
1. red blood cell
2. neuron
Your Ex:
bone cell
muscle cell
epithelial cell
white blood cell
Tissue
1. connective
2. muscle
Your Ex:
nervous
epithelial
Organ
1. lungs
2. kidney
3. pancreas
4. skin
5. heart
6. liver
7. stomach
Your Ex:
brain
eye
Organ
System
1. digestive
2. excretory
Your Ex:
circulatory
nervous
skeletal
respiratory
muscular
endocrine
immune
Organism
1. human
Your Ex:
any animal
any plant
any fungus
Homeostasis
5. Write a definition AND give an example for the following words:
Definition:
The body’s tendency to keep
an internal balance, despite
changes in the external
environment.
Definition:
The body’s reaction to
potentially challenging,
threatening, or disturbing
events.
Homeostasis
Stress
Your body sweats to try to
cool itself off.
When the temperature is too
hot out, your body sends a
signal to your brain to sweat.
Example:
Example:
6. Read the following passage about homeostasis and body temperature regulation, then answer
the questions that follow.
In biology, homeostasis is the regulation of the internal environment by the body. The human body
temperature is about 37 degrees Celsius. Homeostasis includes the maintenance of this temperature,
whether you’re at the South Pole or the equator. Homeostasis works through feedback—the body reacts
to, say, levels of hormones and adjusts them as necessary. There are a few mechanisms the body uses
to maintain a constant temperature. Shivering is used to produce heat if the body temperature is too low,
while sweating cools the body through evaporation. As far as chemicals in the body, the pancreas
produces insulin and glucagon to control levels of blood sugar. The lungs take in oxygen and give off
carbon dioxide and you breathe harder when you exercise. The kidneys remove urea and adjust the
concentrations of water and certain ions, while waste is excreted when you go to the bathroom. Most of
this is controlled by hormones (chemical messengers) secreted by the pituitary gland, which is directed by
a part of the brain called the hypothalamus!
Shivering is your body's natural reaction to being cold! When you feel cold, a part of your brain called the
hypothalamus receives a message from your skin and spinal cord. The hypothalamus then triggers the
shivering reflex. When you shiver, the muscles around your vital organs shake and expend energy (in the
form of heat) in order to keep the organs warm.
Hypothermia is a condition in which the body temperature drops to dangerously low levels—too low to
maintain normal metabolism or other body functions. A person who is exposed to cold temperatures for
too long will start to shiver. That's the beginning stage of hypothermia and the body's way of staying warm
by expending energy. If a person doesn't warm up soon, their shivering will get much worse. They may
start to experience mild confusion and lose muscle coordination. During this stage, blood vessels near the
surface of the skin as well as those in fingers and toes will begin to constrict in an effort to keep warmth in
the core of the body, around the vital organs. In the third stage of hypothermia, a person will stop
shivering and have difficulty speaking, thinking, and moving. The pulse and respiration slow and can
eventually stop, causing organ failure.
Normally when the body begins overheating, nerves and hormones send a signal to the brain and you
begin sweating. However, hyperthermia is a condition in which a person's body temperature is
dangerously elevated and the body is unable to cool itself. A person can develop a form of hyperthermia
known as heatstroke or sunstroke from being in an environment that's too hot. Hyperthermia can also be
a negative reaction to different drugs, or as a result of certain medical conditions.
A. In the first paragraph, highlight 3 examples of how the body maintains homeostasis.
B. In the fourth paragraph describe how your body normally responds to overheating.
1. Body begins overheating
2. Nerves and hormones send signals to the brain
3. You begin sweating
C. Describe the two conditions that could occur if your body couldn’t regulate its internal
temperature (paragraphs 3 & 4):
Hypothermia – body temperature is too low; person will shiver, experience mild
confusion and lose muscle coordination; as it progresses, the person will have difficulty
speaking, thinking, and moving; you could die.
Hyperthermia – body temperature is too high; can be a result of an environment
that is too hot, or because of a reaction to certain drugs or the result of some medical conditions.
7. Complete the attached worksheets about Cells and Tissues. After you have completed the
worksheets, answer the following question: Why aren’t all cells identical?
Different cells have different shapes and sizes because they have to do different jobs. The cells
work together to make different kinds of tissues such as: connective, epithelial, muscle, and
nervous
Connective tissue supports things and holds them
together. You can find connective tissue under your skin
and in your tendons. Connective tissue also keeps your
organs in place.
Epithelial tissue protects you by enclosing and covering
other parts of the body. These tissues make up your skin
and the insides of your mouth, throat, and digestive tract.
Muscle tissue is made up of muscle fibers. The three types of
muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal
muscles move the bones and are voluntary. Smooth muscles
are involuntary muscles and move many of your internal
organs. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is also
involuntary.
Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves. It consists of
cells called neurons.
List the 4 types of tissues:
1. connective
2. epithelial
3. muscle
4. nervous