Download tissue, inflammation and repair

TISSUE, INFLAMMATION
AND REPAIR
TISSUE
DEFINITION
A group of cells with similar function/s and
structure/morphology and similar
extracellular substance
HISTOLOGY
The study of normal tissue
HISTOPATHOLOGY
The study of abnormal tissue
TYPE OF TISSUE
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Epithelium
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nerve
EPITHELIUM
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Tissue lining the body surfaces, cavities and
tubes. Also tissue forming secretory organs.
Functions of epithelium:
Absorption
Protection of the underlying structures against
noxious agents
Barrier to maintain the optimal environment of
underlying tissue
Secretions examples exocrine glands,
endocrine glands, lining epithelium of stomach
and bronchus secrete mucus, endothelium (von
Willebrand factor)
EPITHELIUM
• Supported by basement membrane
The basement membrane provides
1. Structural support and binding of
epithelium
2. Control of epithelial growth
3. Flow of nutrients
4. Regulate permeability
EPITHELIUM
• Classification of epithelium
epithelium
simple
stratified
squamous
squamous
cuboidal
cuboidal
columnar
transitional
pseudostratified
Simple squamous
epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Simple cilliated columnar
epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Goblet cells
Glandular epithelium
• Exocrine glands – glands which maintain
connection with the epithelial
surface/organ surface and discharge their
secretion to the surface through ducts
• Endocrine glands – glands without ducts ;
secretion enters into the blood stream hormones
Salivary gland
Thyroid gland
Supporting / Connective
tissue
Functions of supportive tissue
1. Enclosing and separating organs –
capsules of organs
2. Connecting tissues to one another –
ligaments connecting muscle to bone
3. Supporting and moving – bones and
cartilage
4. Storage – adipose tissue , bone
5. Insulation – adipose tissue
Functions of supportive tissue
6.Transportation – blood vessels
7. Protection - Skull
Components of connective tissue
cells
fibres
Ground substance
Fibroblast
Adipocytes
Mastcells
histiocytes
Collagen
Elastic fibres
protoglycan
Components of connective tissue
• Cells
Fibroblasts – synthesis and maintenance of
the extracellular material, derived from
primitive mesenchyme
Adipocyte
Mast cells and histiocytes – defence and
immune function
Components of connective tissue
• Collagen
Type 1- ligament and tendons ; tensile
strength
Type2 – hyaline cartilage
Type3 – reticulin found in liver and
lymphnode
Type4 – basement membrane
Special type of
connective tissue
1. Loose connective
tissue
2. Adipose tissue
3. Cartilage
WHITE ADIPOSE
TISSUE
Muscle
• 3 types of muscle
1. Skeletal muscle – voluntary movement
(movement of skeleton and organs)
Have crosstriation
2. Visceral muscle – muscular component of
visceral structures
involuntary movement
control by hormones and autonomic
nervous system.
Muscle
• 3 types of muscle
3. Cardiac muscle – provide the continous
,rhythmic contractility of the heart.
Skeletal muscle
Visceral muscle
Cardiac muscle
Nervous tissue
• To receive stimuli
from internal and
external environment,
analyse nd create
response in affector
organ
• The basic unit is the
neurone
Inflammation
Definition
A complex reaction to injurious agents. The
unique feature of inflammation are
reaction to blood vessels causing
accumulation of fluid and leucocyte
Functions of inflammation
Destroy
Dilute
the injurious agent
Separate
2 types of inflammation
• Acute inflammation - rapid onset , short
duration , result in oedema and emigration
of neutrophils
• Chronic inflammation - longer duration,
cells involved are lymphocytes,
macrophages and histiocytes, c
Tissue repair
• What determine the process of repair?
1. Type of cells
Labile – continously dividing
Stable – divide when there is stimulus
Permanent cell- cannot divide
2. Severity of the wound
Factors influencing wound healing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nutrition
Metabolic status
Blood supply
Infection
Foreign body
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