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Frederick Douglass Academy Mr. Murphy 1. Prussia's victory over Austria in 1866 led to A) the consolidation of Prussian authority among North German states B) increased military conflict between Prussia and Britain C) greater Austrian involvement in German political affairs D) uprisings in Austria against Prussian interference E) an alliance between Denmark and Austria against Prussia 2. As a consequence to the Franco–Prussian War A) France ceded Alsace–Lorraine to Germany B) Napoleon III was able to strengthen his power C) Bismarck was forced to resign D) William I pledged not to interfere on the issue of the vacant Spanish throne E) Germany postponed its declaration of the German Empire 3. The Franco–Prussian War A) demonstrated German military superiority B) was used by Napoleon III to increase his grip on power C) devastated the populations of both Germany and France D) was preceded by the proclamation of the German Empire E) began with a Prussian declaration of war 4. The establishment of the North German Confederation in 1867 was an important step because it A) helped with German unification B) led to the demise of Bismarck's political career C) marked Germany as the preeminent European power D) it diminished the influence of Prussian King William I E) forced Prussia into direct conflict with France AP European History Nationalism Democracy 5. The conclusion of the Seven Weeks' War proved to be a pivotal moment in German history because A) Austria would not become part of any new German state B) Austria would become part of a new German state C) Prussian military power reached its height D) it resulted in the abdication of William I E) this led to a unified German state 6. The Peace of Prague, ending the German Civil War I. stipulated that the Kleindeutsch plan had prevailed over the Grossdeutsch plan II. indicated that the Grossdeutsch plan had prevailed over the Kleindeutsch plan III. ceded Venetia to Italy IV. forced Austria to pay Prussia an indemnity A) I only C) II, III E) II, III, IV B) I, III D) I, III, IV 7. The Gastein Convention of 1865 A) stated that Germany would administer Schleswig and Austria would administer Holstein B) granted all of Schleswig–Holstein to Prussia C) concluded the Seven Weeks' War D) ended Danish claims to Schleswig–Holstein E) made a lasting peace between Prussia and Austria 8. The Schleswig–Holstein question in the mid 1860's involved A) B) C) D) E) Prussia and Austria Prussia and France Austria and Italy France and Italy Britain and France 9. The balance of power which had prevailed in Europe throughout most of the nineteenth century ended with the A) B) C) D) E) English possession of India and Egypt rearming of the French unification of Germany fusion of Austria with Hungary Russian acquisition of the Ottoman Empire 10. Base your answer on the picture below. 12. Cavour and Garibaldi agreed that Italy should A) B) C) D) E) be independent of foreign control become a republic upon its unification become unified through revolution be led by the pope in the new Italian state receive foreign aid to drive out the Austrians 13. Italy faced all of the following after unification EXCEPT a(n) A) B) C) D) E) labor shortage hostile relationship with the Vatican inequitable tax system rift between the north and the south large government debt 14. In 1870, the First Vatican Council acted to strengthen the pope's position as head of the Catholic Church by A) proclaiming the dogma of papal infallibility B) seeking to regain the Papal States C) publishing the Syllabus of Errors D) advocating economic and social reform E) allying the church with Germany 15. The leader of the Red Shirts was The picture above represents which figure from the Italian Risorgimento? A) B) C) D) E) Giuseppe Mazzini Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi Count Camillo de Cavour Vitttorio Orlando 11. Cavour's most notable non–Italian ally in bringing about a unified Italy was A) B) C) D) E) Napoleon III Otto von Bismarck Lord Palmerston Franz Joseph Queen Victoria A) B) C) D) E) Camillo de Cavour King Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Mazzini Jan Manuel de Rosas 16. By the time of Cavour's death in 1861, Victor Emmanuel II ruled over all of the Italian Peninsula EXCEPT A) B) C) D) E) Venetia and Rome Tuscany and Rome Naples and Sicily Piedmont and Sardinia Lombardy and Florence 17. Soon after the Plombieres Agreement A) the Austrians declared war on Sardinia B) Sardinia declared war against Austria C) the French broke their agreement with Sardinia and invaded northern Italy D) the Catholic Church allied itself with Austria and invaded Sardinia E) Sardinia allied itself with Austria 18. The Plombieres Agreement was designed to A) bring about a war with Austria and to help Sardinia develop an expanded northern Italian kingdom B) unify Italy C) give France a foothold in Italy D) elevate the position of the Catholic Church in Italian affairs E) enact economic reform in northern Italy 19. Under the Plombieres Agreement, if Sardinia and France drove Austria out of Italy I. Sardinia would declare a unified Italian monarchy II. France would receive Nice and Savoy III. Sardinia would annex Lombardy, Venetia, Parma, Modena, and part of the Papal States IV. Sardinia and France would then invade the Austrian Empire A) II only C) I, II E) II, III B) III only D) I, IV 20. The Plombieres Agreement stated that A) in the event that Sardinia went to war with Austria, France would provide military assistance B) in the event that France went to war with Austria, Sardinia would provide military assistance C) Sardinia would give Savoy to France in exchange for Parma D) Sardinia would join the French side in the Crimean War E) peace with Austria was Sardinia's prime foreign policy objective 21. At Plombieres in 1859, Cavour met with A) B) C) D) E) Napoleon III Lord Palmerston Pope Pius IX Otto von Bismarck Giuseppe Garibaldi 22. At the Paris Peace Conference of 1856, Sardinian Prime Minister Cavour called for A) the need to eliminate the Austrian presence in the Italian Peninsula B) approval of Italian unification C) advice on the implementation of a new Sardinian constitution D) an increased role for Sardinia in foreign affairs E) European help in curtailing the influence of the Catholic Church 23. The Statuto, the Sardinian constitution was modeled after A) B) C) D) E) the French constitution of 1830 the French constitution of 1789 the French constitution of 1852 the American constitution the Prussian constitution of 1850 24. Cavour implemented legislation to reform Sardinia in order to A) attract the support of liberal states such as France and England B) put political pressure on Victor Emmanuel II C) shift focus away from the nation's economic troubles D) win favor with the Catholic Church E) annex Central Italy 25. As Prime Minster of Sardinia Cavour did all of the following EXCEPT A) passed legislation curtailing the influence of the Catholic Church B) reformed the judicial system C) fully implemented the Sardinian constitution D) supported economic development E) developed one of Europe's largest armed forces 26. The newspaper Il Risorgimento, edited by Camillo de Cavour, argued A) that Sardinia should serve as the basis of a new Italy B) for Sardinian control over northern Italy C) against the government policies of the Papal States D) against the Italian revolution of 1848 E) for a socialist government in Sardinia 27. The Neo–Guelph movement A) supported a unified Italian state centered on the Papacy B) supported Italian states under foreign dominion C) supported Italian unification under Garibaldi D) was based in the Piedmont region of Italy E) was led by Giuseppe Mazzini 28. All of the following statements about the short-lived Roman Republic of 1849 are correct EXCEPT it A) included one of its leaders, Giuseppe Mazzini B) overthrew the Papal States C) granted complete religious freedom to all groups D) guaranteed the pope the right to govern the Catholic Church E) came to power with the military aid of France and Austria 29. The nineteenth century Roman Republic refers to a A) short-lived state established in 1849 that temporarily overthrew the Papal States B) resuscitation of the old Roman Republic C) plan for a unified Italian republic to be centered in Rome D) secret Roman society with Socialist political views E) design to modernize and beautify the city of Rome 30. The collapse of the revolutionary movements of 1848 transferred leadership of Italian nationalism to A) Victor Emmanuel II and Camillo de Cavour B) Charles Albert and Giosue Carducci C) Pius IX and Fernandino II D) Giuseppe Garibaldi and Benito Mussolini E) Ferdinand I and Prince Metternich 31. Cavour used the Siccardi Law and the Law on Convents to A) reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in Piedmont B) attract the support of the Austrian Empire C) give Piedmont access into the Crimean War D) better his relationship with King Victor Emmanuel II E) show his distaste with the Syllabus of Errors 32. Rome became the Italian capital after A) French troops withdrew from the city during the Franco–Prussian War B) the creation of Italy in 1861 C) its liberation by Garibaldi D) papal consent E) Cavour acquired the city through diplomatic channels 33. Beginning in 1871, the capital of Italy was A) Rome C) Milan E) Venice B) Palermo D) Florence 34. Italy was able to acquire Rome in 1870 because the 37. Base your answer on the picture below. A) French troops protecting the city were sent to the front of the Franco–Prussian War B) pope wanted a unified Italy C) Prussian troops were sent in to capture the city D) city's isolation from the rest of Italy caused uncontainable riots E) Romans voted in a plebiscite to become a part of Italy 35. Italy was able to acquire Venetia in 1866 because of A) its alliance with Prussia preceding the German Civil War B) diplomatic bartering with Austria C) military conquest by Garibaldi D) open rebellion in Venetia E) an alliance with France against Prussia in the Franco–Prussian War 36. When Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy in 1861, his capital city was A) Florence C) Milan E) Naples B) Turin D) Rome As shown in the picture above, Garibaldi's role in the Italian unification was as a A) B) C) D) E) brilliant diplomat patriotic guerrilla fighter aristocratic general persuasive orator philosophical writer 38. Base your answer on the picture below. The portrait above represents which British Prime Minister? A) B) C) D) E) William Gladstone Lord Palmerston Robert Walpole Benjamin Disraeli Herbert Asquith 39. The implementation of Irish Home Rule occurred during which time period? A) B) C) D) E) 1881 1886 1903 1911 after World War I 40. Under Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish Party A) successfully gained home rule B) sided with Gladstone and the Labour Party in the election of 1885 C) agitated for an Irish Republic devoid of British authority D) gradually lost its influence over English political affairs E) stubbornly refused to bargain with the two main English political parties 41. Which of the following was hotly contested in Great Britain in the 1880's? A) B) C) D) E) Irish Home Rule The Education Act The Public Health Act The agreement from the Berlin Conference Bismarck's Kulturkampf 42. Pygmalion, a pre–World War I play about the rise of a Cockney flower girl was written by A) B) C) D) E) George Bernard Shaw James Joyce William Godwin Pierre Proudhin Beatrice Webb 43. All of the following legislation was passed in Britain in 1875 through Disraeli's support EXCEPT the A) B) C) D) E) Land Act Artisan's Dwelling Act Public Health Act Food and Drug Act laws lessening the regulation of trade unions 44. At the outset of World War I who was Great Britain's Prime Minister? A) B) C) D) E) Herbert Asquith David Lloyd George Winston Churchill Benjamin Disraeli William Gladstone 45. Which political party gained increasing support in Great Britain in the early twentieth century? The A) B) C) D) E) Labor Party Conservative Party Liberal Party Communist Party Tory Party 46. While Prime Minister, William Gladstone argued for A) B) C) D) Irish Home Rule British imperialism British involvement in European affairs further centralization of the British government E) conservative ideals 47. While Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli argued for A) B) C) D) E) the expansion of the British Empire Irish Home Rule liberal ideals liberation of the British colonies the extension of the franchise to women 48. The Sepoy Mutiny and the American Civil War occurred during the ministry of A) B) C) D) E) Lord Palmerston Benjamin Disraeli William Gladstone Randolph Churchill John Bright 49. The British government assumed responsibility for establishing and running elementary schools through the A) B) C) D) E) Ballot Act Education Act Public Health Act Artisan Dwelling Act Reform Bill 50. Which of the following was passed while Benjamin Disraeli was British Prime Minister? The A) B) C) D) E) Reform Bill Ballot Act Civil Services Reform Education Act Land Act 51. Who advanced the argument that the British system of government was superior to the American system of government in 1867's English Constitution? A) B) C) D) E) Walter Bagehot Robert Southey Thomas Carlyle John Henry Newman John Ruskin 52. The suffragettes gained significant attention in Great Britain because A) they used violent forms of protest B) they were the first female political organization C) they convinced most men to accept female suffrage D) they were effective at galvanizing the support of women E) they combined political and economic demands 53. The Reform Bills of 1832, 1867, and 1884–85 in Great Britain resulted in the A) extension of the franchise and the redistribution of seats in Parliament B) elimination of child labor abuses C) drastic curtailment of the power of the House of Lords D) addition of voting for all adults over 21 E) betterment of the economic situation of the Irish 54. The Chartist movement in Great Britain accomplished all of its aims EXCEPT A) B) C) D) E) annual parliaments the secret ballot equal electoral districts salaries for Parliament members abolition of property requirements for members of Parliament 55. Who established the Independent Labour Party in 1893? A) B) C) D) E) Keir Hardie George Bernard Shaw Benjamin Disraeli William Gladstone H.M. Hyndman 56. The Parliament Act of 1911provided that the House of Lords I. had no veto power over revenue bills II. could only delay enactment of non-revenue bills III. could effectively veto non-revenue bills IV. revenue bills approved by the House of Commons automatically became law after being sent to the House of Lords A) I only C) III only E) I, IV B) II only D) I, II 57. French foreign policy under Napoleon III was marked by all of the following EXCEPT A) establishment of colonies in Africa and Asia B) ill-fated backing of Emperor Maxmilian in Mexico C) occupation in Algeria D) alliances in the Crimean War E) involvement in the Seven Weeks' War 58. What resulted from the rebuilding of Paris during the 1850's and 1860's? A) Destruction of much working-class housing B) Reduction of open spaces for recreation C) Improvement of military fortifications D) Prevention of urban popular uprisings E) Concentration population in the central area of the city 59. The Boulanger Affair A) involved a failed coup by French minister of war George Boulanger B) strengthened the monarchist cause in France C) helped to place Napoleon in power D) weakened the socialist movement in France E) followed the Dreyfus Affair as an embarrassing scandal in France 60. An attempt to restore the monarchy in France failed after the Franco–Prussian War because A) of the rivalry between the Bourbon and Orleans claimants to the throne B) few people in France supported a monarchy C) German forces would not allow a restoration of the monarchy D) the Third Republic was quickly established after the war E) the Paris Commune would not allow the restoration of the monarchy 61. Which nation's army suppressed the Paris Commune? A) France C) Spain E) Britain B) Prussia D) Austria 62. The Treaty of Turin between Sardinia and France in 1860 I. transferred Nice and Savoy to France II. pledged French support to Sardinia in the event of war with Austria III. abrogated the Treaty of Zurich IV. arranged Sardinian annexation of Parma, Modena, Romagna, and Tuscany A) I, II C) II, III E) I, III, IV B) I, IV D) III, IV 63. The terms of the Truce of Villafranca were clarified and finalized with the A) B) C) D) E) Treaty of Zurich Treaty of Frankfurt Plombieres Agreement Peace of Paris Treaty of Adrianople 64. The Truce of Villafranca in 1859 was a(n) A) secret peace signed by France and Austria B) treaty of alliance between Sardinia and France C) treaty that ended Austrian occupation in northern Italy D) signed agreement at the behest of Cavour E) enhancement of the influence of Sardinia in Italian politics 65. After defeating the Austrians in the battles of Magenta and Solferino, Napoleon III wavered in his support of Sardinia for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) Prussia mobilized and expressed sympathy for Austria B) revolution broke out in several northern Italian states C) the forcefulness of new Austrian military efforts D) the lack of public support in France E) mounting criticism by the Pope against France for fighting Catholic Austria 66. Which of the following apply to the Dreyfus affair? I. Dreyfus' Jewish background fueled tremendous anti–Semitism. II. Dreyfus was convicted of passing secret information to the German army. III. Much of the evidence against Dreyfus was later proved to be forged. IV. Dreyfus was imprisoned on Devil's Island A) I only C) I, II E) I, II, III, IV B) II only D) I, III, IV 67. Alfred Dreyfus was a A) French military captain unjustly imprisoned for treason B) French General at the end of the 19th Century C) leading French politician during the Paris Commune D) noted French economist E) leader of the Catholic Church in France in the 1880's 68. The greatest trauma of the Third French Republic was the A) B) C) D) E) Dreyfus Affair Boulanger Crisis Paris Commune Franco–Prussian War Boer War 69. All of the following were positive reforms during the reign of Napoleon III EXCEPT A) movement toward free trade B) improvement in the efficiency of the economic system C) public works programs D) shift away from authoritarian government E) abolition of censorship 70. Adolphe Thiers is noted for his A) negotiating the Treaty of Frankfurt after the Franco–Prussian War B) fervent opposition against the policies of Napoleon III C) role in the Boulanger Crisis D) service in the French Legion E) leadership role in the Paris Commune 71. The Paris Commune A) established Paris as a communal government separate from the rest of France B) created a communist government in France during the 1870's C) succeeded the Third French Republic D) gave rise to Napoleon III E) was the brain-child of the National Assembly 72. After the siege of Paris during the Franco–Prussian War, the French government moved temporarily to A) Bordeaux C) Nice E) Orleans B) Berlin D) Lyons 73. Napoleon III was captured by German troops during the A) B) C) D) E) Battle of Sedan Paris Commune Battle of Koniggratz Revolution of 1848 Boulanger Crisis 74. As Napoleon III continued his reign, France A) B) C) D) E) relaxed social and economic restrictions became more autocratic continued to build up its armed forces scrambled for African colonies was increasingly embarrassed by the Dreyfus Affair 75. All of the following statements about the Third French Republic are correct EXCEPT it(s) A) supported a more prominent position for the Catholic Church in French society B) stability was severely challenged by the Dreyfus Affair, Panama Scandal, and Boulanger Crisis C) was established during the Franco–Prussian War D) existence was initially threatened by the Paris Commune E) provided for a republican form of government through an 1875 constitution 76. The Paris Commune of 1871 resulted from the A) chaos stemming from the Franco–Prussian War B) declaration of German unification C) collapse of the French Third Republic D) discord in France between Bonapartist and Bourbon supporters E) financial speculation in the Paris stock market 77. The Boulanger Affair nearly destroyed the French A) B) C) D) E) Third Republic First Republic Second Republic First Empire Second Empire 78. Napoleon III's "Liberal Empire"was an attempt to A) fashion a constitutional monarchy in the final years of Napoleon III's reign B) curry British favor for France's struggle with Prussia C) end the monarchy with a slow evolution towards a republic D) rebuild the aura of the French Empire E) demonstrate France's military strength and prowess relative to other nations 79. Louis Napoleon was Napoleon's A) nephew C) uncle E) cousin B) father D) son 80. Who was elected French President in December, 1848? A) B) C) D) E) Louis Napoleon Louis Blanc Alphonse de Lamartine Francois Guizot Louis Eugene Cavaignac 81. Denmark agreed to give up its claims to the provinces of Shleswig–Holstein in the A) B) C) D) E) Treaty of Vienna Treaty of Zurich Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Paris Peace of Prague