Download ARITHMETIC AND PRE-ALGEBRA Positive any number greater

ARITHMETIC AND PRE-ALGEBRA
Positive
any number greater than zero.
List any three positive numbers: ______ ______ ______
Negative
any number less than zero.
List any three negative numbers: ______ ______ ______
Even
any integer divisible by 2. This includes 0 and negative whole numbers. Zero and -2 are even
numbers.
List any three even numbers: ______ ______ ______
Odd
any integer NOT divisible by 2. This includes 0 and negative whole numbers. -1 is an odd
number.
List any three odd numbers: ______ ______ ______
Absolute Value
The distance of a number on a number line from zero.
Whole Number
any “counting number” or zero
List any three whole numbers: ______ ______ ______
Integer
positive and negative whole numbers. Integers include 0 and negative whole numbers. If a
questions says “x and y are integers,” it’s not ruling out numbers like 0 and -1.
List any three integers: ______ ______ ______
Factor
number that can be multiplied to form another number is a factor.
What are the factors of 6? ______ ______ ______
Prime Factoriz.
Breaking down a number into its component factors until all the factors are prime
numbers.
Multiples
the multiple of any number is the product of that number and a counting number. A
multiple of 3 is evenly divisible by 3: 3, 6, 9, 12…
What are three multiples of 4? ______ ______ ______
Product
the result of two numbers being multiplied together.
The product of 12 and 2 is ______
Quotient
the result of one number being divided by another.
The quotient of 12 and 2 is ______
Prime
a prime number is a number greater than one whose only whole number factors are
one and itself. Prime numbers do not include 1. The technical definition of a prime number is “a
positive integer with exactly two distinct positive factors.” Two is prime because it has exactly two
positive factors: 1 and 2. Four is not prime because it has three positive factors (1, 2, and 4)—too
many to be considered prime. 1 is not prime because it has only one positive factor—1—and that’s
too few.
What are the first three prime numbers? ______ ______ ______
Real
all positive and negative numbers and zero.
List any three real numbers: ______ ______ ______
Rational
any number that is the quotient of two integers. Any ordinary number: whole
numbers, fractions, mixed numbesr or decimals, and their negative images. A
rational number is a nameable number such as 358 or 6039, one that has a place exactly on the
number line.
List any three rational numbers: ______ ______ ______
Irrational
real numbers that are not rational; any number that can’t be represented as a
fraction, or whose digits right of the decimal point have no pattern. Irrational
numbers are non-repeating, non-terminating decimals.
List any three irrational numbers: ______ ______ ______
Remainder
Square
the whole number left over after the division problem is done. If a question asks for the
remainder when 15 is divided by 2, don’t say “15 divided by 2 is 7.5, so the remainder is .5.” What
you should say is: “15 divided by 2 is 7 with a remainder of 1.”
the result of multiplying a number by itself
Exponent
the “power” to which a number is raised, meaning the number of times you
multiply it by itself. 33 = 3 * 3 * 3 = 27
Square Root
the √ symbol represents the positive square root only. The equation x 2 = 9 has two
solutions: 3 and -3, but when you see √9, it means positive 3 only.
Rectangles
are four-sided figures with four right angles. It doesn’t matter is the length and width are
the same or different—if it has four right angles, it’s a rectangle. This means all squares are also a
rectangles, but not all rectangles are squares. If the question says “rectangle ABCD,” the shape
may be a square.
Operations
adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing numbers
Fraction
Denominator
Numerator
Any number expressed in terms of its relationship with another number, such as
5/8, indicating the portion of the whole the number comprises: 5 of the 8 parts of a
whole.
bottom number in a fraction.
top number in a fraction.
Proper Fraction
fraction in which the numerator is smaller than the denominator.
Imprpr Fraction
fraction in which the numerator is larger than the denominator.
Reciprocal
Set
Union
Intersection
Average
Mean
Median
Mode
Percent(age)
Ratio
Proportion
the upside-down version of a fraction. The reciprocal of 1/3 is 3/1.
a group of numbers, sometimes having something in common, such as all those
numbers that are either inputs or outputs of an equation.
the combination of two or more sets
the numbers common to two sets
the middle-of-the-road value of a group of numbers, calculated by adding all the
terms, then dividing by the number of terms
the average or number representing the middle-of-the road in a set of numbers
the number in a set that fall in the middle when the terms are all in order.
the number that occurs most frequently in a set
the portion compared with 100.
A fraction representing the relationship of a part to its whole.
A statement that two ratios are equal
Rate
a proportion comparing two unlike things, such as dollars per hour. In math, the
rate often refers to work accomplished per hour.
Variation
an expression of how two variables are related—how changes in one cause a
change in the other, more specifically how much of a change in a second number is
caused by a change in the first.
Scientific Not.
Probability
A way of writing really big numbers using exponents.
a measure of the expectation the likelihood that an event will occur (or not), or a
statement is true (or false), usually expressed as a percent or ratio.
Linear Inequal.
A linear expression with two variables and including a relational symbol such as <,
>, and so on. A linear inequality divides a plane into two parts, one part of which
satisfies the inequality, the other part of which does not.
ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA
Linear Equation
Variable
The equation of a line: an equation that forms a straight line when its x and y
values are graphed.
a letter that represents an unknown number
Algebraic Expr.
A statement that expresses a real-world fact or relationship. An expression does
not include an equal sign; it can be evaluated, but not solved.
Monomial
An expression that has one term or refers to a single number. Note: it may have
more than one variable: 3x2y3 is a monomial, since it refers to a single number.
Coefficient
Algebraic Frac.
Function
Domain
Range
Polynomial
Binomial
The number accompanying the variable. In 3x, 3 is the coefficient.
A math statement that has a numerator and a denominator, both of which may have
variables in them.
A math device or rule that generates an output by applying the rule to an input.
All the possible inputs for a function, all numbers that will result in an output
other than “undefined,” or an output with a denominator of zero.
All possible outputs for of a function.
An expression made with constants, variables and exponents, which are combined using
addition, subtraction and multiplication, but not division.
A polynomial with two terms.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Coordinate Plane a two-dimensional “space” that includes a vertical and a horizontal axis that
intersect at right angles. The plane is used to illustrate relationships between
points and lines.
Coord System
The numbering system used to locate points on a coordinate plane in relation to the
origin (the point where the two axes intersect).
Slope
The tilt of a line. Lines that are parallel have an equal slope; lines that are
perpendicular have a negative reciprocal slope, such as 3 and -1/3.
Intercept
The point at which a line crosses an axis, x (x-intercept) or y (y-intercept).
Translation
Reflection
The movement of a shape on a plane, changing its location but not its shape or size.
The flipping of a shape over an axis, changing its location and reversing its shape.
PLANE GEOMETRY