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26-1 Introduction to the Animal Kingdom List the characteristics that define Kingdom Animalia. What percentage of animals are invertebrates? Can you identify the animals in the photo to the right? Animal Origin Label the following groups and events on the time line above: Earth Forms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes (Protists) Animals Cambrian Explosion Single cell Stalk One Hypothesis For the Origin of Animals Animal Origin ? In the space below, describe what you think the figure above represents. Hint: This is NOT the same individual organism over time. Each arrow represents an evolutionary event. Animal Development Cleavage Cleavage In the space below, describe what you think the figure above represents. Hint: This IS the same individual organism over time. How does this figure and the one on the previous slide compare? Label the phyla to the right. 4 3 2 1 Body Plan: Embryonic Development 13 14 15 11 9 7 6 5 8 10 12 Translate “protostome”. Label the diagrams and phyla. Body Plan: Embryonic Development 18 19 17 16 Translate “deuterostome”. Label the diagrams and phyla. Body Plan: Coelom & Germ Layer “Fates” Label the diagrams including which is an acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and eucoelomate. Identify and list the germ layers, including what each gives rise to. Body Plan: Symmetry & Position Planes of symmetry Plane of symmetry Label the three types of symmetry shown, including which phyla exhibit each. Also label the following: Oral, Aboral, Anterior, Posterior, Dorsal, Ventral, Cephalized. Body Plan: Comparison Evolutionary Trends Compare and contrast the body plans of these phyla, including Phylum Chordata. Evolutionary Trends: Digestive Systems Identify which of these phyla have a “2-way” digestive system, and which have a “1-way” alimentary canal (AKA digestive tract). Evolutionary Trends: Respiratory Systems Compare and contrast the gas exchange systems in these phyla. (To which phylum do insects belong?) How do the phyla not shown exchange gases? Evolutionary Trends: Circulatory System Compare and contrast the circulatory systems in these phyla. How do the phyla not shown perform whole-body transport (open vs. closed vs. no system)? Evolutionary Trends: Excretory Systems Compare and contrast how these phyla rid of metabolic (nitrogenous) waste. How do the phyla not shown perform this function? Evolutionary Trends: Nervous Systems Describe the nervous systems of these phyla. Which are cephalized and have a central nervous system? What of the phyla not shown? Evolutionary Trends: Movement & Support Describe, compare and contrast the musculoskeletal systems of these phyla. What type of skeletal system do the muscles contract against?