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Class Note
Unit: 6.4 Similar figures and triangles
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Similar polygons have corresponding angles that are congruent and corresponding sides that are proportional.
An extended proportion can be written for the ratios of corresponding sides of similar polygons.
Are the quadrilaterals at the right similar? If so, write a similarity statement and an extended proportion.
Compare angles:
A  X, B  Y. C  Z, D  W
Compare ratios of sides:
AB 6
 2
XY 3
BC 8
 2
YZ 4
CD
9

2
ZW 4.5
DA 4
 2
WX 2
Because corresponding sides are proportional and corresponding angles are congruent, ABCD ~ XYZW.
The extended proportion for the ratios of corresponding sides is:
AB BC CD DA



XY YZ ZW WX
Exercises
If the polygons are similar, write a similarity statement and the extended proportion for the ratios of
corresponding sides. If the polygons are not similar, write not similar.
Scale factors
ΔRST ~ ΔUVW. What is the scale factor? What is the value of x?
Identify corresponding sides: RT corresponds to UW , TS corresponds to WV , and SR corresponds to VU .
RT

TS
Compare corresponding sides.
UW WV
4 7

Substitute.
2 x
4x = 14
x = 3.5
Cross Products Property
Divide each side by 4.
The scale factor is
4 7

 2. the value of x is 3.5.
2 3.5
Give the scale factor of the polygons. Find the value of x. answers to the nearest tenth when necessary.
7. LMNO ~ RQTS
8. OPQRST ~ GHIJKL
5. ABCD ~ NMPO
6. ∆ XYZ , ∆EFD
Prepared by Kin Chan - MHS
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Similar Triangles
Side-Side-side Similarity Theorem
If the length of corresponding sides of two triangles is proportional, then the triangles are similar.
Compare the ratios of the lengths of sides:
AB BC CA 3



XY YZ ZX 2
So, by SSS ~ Theorem, ∆ABC ~ ∆XYZ.
Side-Angel-side Similarity Theorem
If an angle of one triangle is congruent to an angle of a second triangle and the lengths of the sides including
these angles are proportional, then the triangles are similar.
ABE  DBC because vertical angles are congruent. Let’s verify the lengths of the sides including these
angles are proportional:
AB EB

,
BD CB
Yes,
ABE
12 15
 ,
4
5
33
DBC by Side-Angel-side Similarity Theorem
Angel-Angel Similarity Theorem
Are the triangles similar? How do you know? Write a similarity statement.
Given: DC BA
Because DC BA , A and D are alternate interior angles and are therefore . The same is true for B and C.
So, by AA ~ Postulate, ∆ABX ~ ∆DCX.
Determine whether the triangles are similar. If so, write a similarity statement and name the postulate or
theorem you used. If not, explain.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Are all equilateral triangles similar? Explain.
8. Are all isosceles triangles similar? Explain.
9. Are all congruent triangles similar? Are all similar triangles congruent? Explain.
Prepared by Kin Chan - MHS
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