Download The Respiratory System Major Function of Resp. System Nose – 5

5/27/2014
Look at each part & see how they go together and what they
look like
Know your
basic parts
The Respiratory System
Use this ppt to complete notes pgs 1-4.
Study the information as you go & discuss each
slide with each other.
Ask me if you need any explanation or have a
question about the info.
Major Function of Resp. System
• Supply the body with Oxygen
• Dispose of Carbon dioxide
Functional Anatomy –
2 zones
• Conducting zone:
– Conduits – purify,
humidify, and warm
incoming air
– Include all other
respiratory
passageways
Functional Anatomy –
2 zones
• Respiratory zone:
– Actual site of gas
exchange
– (some exchange Respiratory
bronchioles,
alveolar ducts)
alveoli (major site)
Nose – 5 functions
• Provide airway for respiration
• Moisten & warm air
• Filter air (mucus & cilia)
(breath in thru nose & out
thru mouth)
• Site of olfactory (smell)
receptors
• Resonating chamber for
sound waves (hold your nose
closed & see how you
sound!)
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5/27/2014
Mucus traps the
and the
Cilia & Goblet Cells“junk”
cilia sweeps it
up toward your
throat so you
can swallow it
or spit it out.
Smoking kills
cilia so
smoker’s
constantly have
to cough to
clear the mucus
out!
Cold day = Runny nose
• The cilia in your nose become sluggish & slow
when they are cold & do not move the mucus
down into your throat
• Mucus in the nasal cavity accumulates &
dribbles out
Nasal Conchae
• Nasal Conchae aka.
NasalTurbinates=
increase SA of mucosa
exposed to air to help
warm & filter it – also
increase turbulence
(mini tornado effect)
of air – more inhaled
particles swirled onto
mucus and trapped
Paranasal sinuses functions
Nasal Cavity
• Nasal cavity
separated from oral
cavity by the palate
(roof of mouth)
– Anterior – hard
palate
– Posterior – soft
palate
Chronic Sinusitis
• Lighten skull
• Act a resonance chamber
• Produce mucus
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5/27/2014
Check this out! (do not try this at
home or in this classroom!)
Stop and be sure you completely
understand this page before you
move on
• The Human Blockhead
Click through the
different pages to see
all the info
Pharynx – 3 basic parts
• Pharynx serves as common passageway for
food (& fluids) and air.
Color code the 3
parts of the pharynx
on the diagram in
your notes
The names give you
location clues!
Tonsils (think about the name – it tells you the
location)
• Pharyngeal tonsils: aka. Adenoids – located in
nasopharynx
• Palatine tonsils: located in oropharynx
• Lingual tonsils: located at base of tongue
• All tonsils are lymph nodes & work with
immune system
• You will be labeling these on the back page
diagram
Pharynx – 3 basic parts
• Nasopharynx – air only
– During swallowing, Soft palate & uvula rise
upward to close off nasopharynx which prevents
food & fluids from entering it
• Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx – food,
liquids & air
– Food will be directed posteriorly to the
esophagus
– Air will go anteriorly into the larynx
Larynx – 3 Functions
• Provides patent (open)
airway
• Act as a switching
mechanism (between
respiratory & digestive
systems)
• Voice production
(location of vocal cords)
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5/27/2014
Adam’s apple
Larynx – Label diagram on pg 4 now
• Know this:
Laryngeal
prominence on
the thyroid
cartilage
• Seen externally
as Adam’s
apple
Epiglottis
• 9th cartilage
• When air is flowing into the larynx – free edge
projects upward
• During swallowing:
– Larynx is pulled upward
– Epiglottis is tipped back and down to cover
laryngeal inlet into trachea
– Routes food/fluid into esophagus
Trachea (Windpipe)
• The ciliated mucosa
(mucociliary
escalator)
continuously propels
the mucus which
contains dust
particles and debris
to the throat so it can
be expelled or
swallowed.
Cough Reflex
• Initiated if anything other than air enters the larynx
• Pressure from air moves object upward out of the
larynx
– Reflex does not work when unconscious so not a
good idea:
• To give fluids to an unconscious person
• Also a reason why people in an alcoholic
coma often die from aspirating their own
vomit.
Smoking
• Diminishes ciliary activity
• Coughing is ONLY method of preventing
mucus accumulation in the lungs
• Smokers should never be given medications
that INHIBIT the cough reflex.
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5/27/2014
Some Effects of Smoking
Stop and be sure you completely
understand this page before you
move on
Reinforcement
• Trachea is reinforced internally by 16-20 C
shaped rings (Be able to explain – see diagram
on next slide also)
• Outer portion of C – causes trachea to stay
patent (open) and not collapse
• Inner portion (open part) of C – allow trachea
to be flexible and gives esophagus a place to
expand into upon swallowing.
• Heimlich
manuver is the
same principle
as a cough
• Used to press air
out of lungs in
case someone
cannot inhale to
initiate a cough
Trachea
must be
flexible yet
stay patent
(open)
Tracheostomy
• -ostomy = cut a hole into
• Used in cases of:
– Abnormalities
– Cancers
– Obstructions
– Injuries to area
– Etc.
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5/27/2014
Bronchial Tree
• Trachea divides into right and left primary
bronchi at the level of the sternal angle
(where manubrium and body of sternum
meet).
• Inhaled objects usually lodge in the right
primary bronchus since it is wider, shorter,
and at a more vertical angle
Lungs
• Left lung is smaller, consisting of 2 lobes and
contains a cardiac notch
• Right lung has 3 lobes
• FYI: Bronchopulmonary segments
– Served by own artery, vein, and individual
segmental bronchus
– Left lung has 8 segments while right lung has 10.
FYI: Important Info
• Respiratory therapists and surgeons use this
info about the different bronchopulmonary
segments so they can treat the patient as
needed
– Even to the point of removing the diseased
segment and leaving the good tissue
• The lungs weigh approximately
2.5 pounds
Pleurae: Review
• Parietal vs. visceral
• Function of pleural fluid
– Lubricate layers so they can slide across each
other
– Cause them to cling tightly to each other through
surface tension (helps maintain pressure
differences necessary for inhaling/exhaling)
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5/27/2014
Respiratory Zone Structures
• Begins as the terminal
bronchioles which feed
into the respiratory
bronchioles which end
in the alveoli chambers
where gas exchange
(external respiration)
takes place.
Alveoli
• Composed of simple squamous – much
thinner than a sheet of paper
• Membrane has gas on one side and blood on
the other.
• Account for the largest portion of lung volume
and provide a tremendous surface area for gas
exchange
Alveoli
• Gas exchanges occur through simple diffusion
• Approximate surface area = 50-70 square meters
(40x greater than skin SA)
• A moist membrane is required so the TYPE II
cuboidal cells secrete a substance called surfactant
that coats the membrane & interferes with surface
tension.
Page 4 diagram
• Use the lab book or the text book or the
internet to label the head diagram
• Label only the ones that have a dot on the
end.
• Be very specific about the structures.
• May check with me when done.
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5/27/2014
Study for Quiz #1
Remember – it includes the
diagrams!!
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