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University of Manitoba
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences
Department of Animal Science
ANSC 3500 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BREEDING
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COURSE DETAILS .................................................................................................................................................... 3
INSTRUCTOR CONTACT INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 3
GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................... 4
COURSE GOALS ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES ......................................................................................................................... 5
USING COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL ........................................................................................................................... 5
RECORDING CLASS LECTURES ................................................................................................................................ 5
TEXTBOOK, READINGS, MATERIALS ....................................................................................................................... 5
COURSE TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 6
CLASS COMMUNICATION....................................................................................................................................... 7
EXPECTATIONS: I EXPECT YOU TO .......................................................................................................................... 7
STUDENTS ACCESSIBILITY SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 8
EXPECTATIONS: YOU CAN EXPECT ME TO .............................................................................................................. 8
CLASS SCHEDULE.................................................................................................................................................... 9
COURSE EVALUATION METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 11
GRADING ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
REFERENCING STYLE ............................................................................................................................................ 11
ASSIGNMENT DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 13
ASSIGNMENT GRADING TIMES ............................................................................................................................ 13
ASSIGNMENT EXTENSION AND LATE SUBMISSION POLICY .................................................................................. 13
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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COURSE DETAILS
Course Title & Number:
ANSC 3500 Principles of Animal Genetics
Number of Credit Hours:
3.0
Class Times & Days of Week: 9:30 – 10:20 on Monday, Wednesday and Friday
Location for classes
220 Animal Science Building
Pre-Requisites:
PLNT 2520 (or 039.252)
Instructor Contact Information
Instructor(s) Name:
Dr. George N. Gozho
Preferred Form of Address:
Office Location:
Dr. Gozho
228 Animal Science Building
Office Hours or Availability:
Open door policy – no appointment necessary but please call or
e-mail to confirm availability between 8:30 am and 4:30 pm.
Office Phone No.
204-474-9443
Email:
[email protected]
All email communication must conform to the Communicating
with Students university policy. (Please familiarize yourself with
the policy).
Use the subject line to state the reason for your e-mail and add
the course number. This will help me to quickly determine
which e-mails need urgent attention. Please avoid salutations
such as ‘Hey You’ or ‘Hi there’. Dear Dr. Gozho will just be fine. I
will screen e-mails based on the subject line and salutation and
respond within 36 hours during the week only. I do not check
my work e-mail over the weekend.
Contact:
My preference for communication is in person. Use e-mail
communication only when absolutely necessary. However, you
are welcome to phone my office if that is more convenient than
coming in person.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Course Description
Formerly 035.350) Topics discussed will include population genetics, quantitative variation,
selection and mating systems with particular reference to domestic species.
This course describes the principles of population and quantitative genetics and it fits between
the first genetics course, and advanced applied genetics course or other species-oriented
production courses. This course is aimed at attracting students who are interested in
agricultural animals, but students interested in natural populations and genetics in general can
benefit from taking the course too.
The Prerequisite for this course is PLNT 2520, a basic genetics course offered through the
Department of Plant Science. Familiarity with the basic principles of genetics is an important
foundation since these are built upon in the present course. Though not stated in the paper
calendar, another equivalent prerequisite is the course, BOTN 2460, and this course is often
taken by students from the Faculty of Science.
General Course Information
Modern farm animals are managed as populations. Therefore knowledge of the behaviour of
genes in populations is important. The forces that affect gene frequencies and their relative
importance in creating changes in gene frequencies are discussed. In farm animals,
economically important traits are determined by genes located at one or a few loci (qualitative
traits); or genes located on several loci (quantitative traits). Examples of both these types of
traits will be discussed. This course also explores recent advances in genomic mapping in
mammals and the biochemical mechanisms of specific genes that leads to manifestations of
specific phenotypes for some qualitative traits. Additionally, the interaction between genes and
the environment on some traits is also explored. The management of animal populations, and
the forces that affect gene frequencies will be discussed. Tools for selecting superior animals
for economically important traits are discussed.
Course Goals
The goals of the courses are:
a) To convey principles of population and quantitative genetics, incorporating recent
knowledge in the area of DNA markers and maps.
b) To give students a basic understanding of modern techniques of genetic evaluation of
farm animals, and how genetic differences between individual animals as well as breed
differences are utilized to improve animal characteristics in modern production systems.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
a) Gain a clear understanding of principles of animal genetics and modern techniques of
genetic evaluation.
b) Apply genetic principles and techniques to improve the economic value and
performance of farm animals
c) Critically analyze and apply some of the animal improvement tools that are used
notwithstanding their limitations.
d) Evaluate commonly used animal breeding programs and practices and clearly enunciate
their relevance, using the correct animal breeding terminology.
Using Copyrighted Material
Please respect copyright. The content used in this course is appropriately acknowledged and is
copied in accordance with copyright laws and university guidelines. Copyrighted works,
including those created by me, are made available for private study and research and must not
be distributed in any format without permission.
Recording Class Lectures
No audio or video recording of lectures or presentations is allowed in any format, openly or
surreptitiously, in whole or in part without explicit permission from me. Course materials (both
paper and digital) are for your private study and research.
Textbook, Readings, Materials
Required textbook
There is no required text for this course. You can use the following books as background
reading. All the books are available in the Science Library (see the library numbers below).
Supplementary readings
1. Bourdon, Richard, M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall. {SF 105 B67 2000}
2. Nicholas, F.W. 2000. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics, Oxford Univ Press. {SF 756.5 N52 2000}
3. Van Vleck, L.D., E.J.Pollak and E.A.B. Oltenacu. 1987. Genetics for the animal sciences. W.H. Freeman
and Company. {QH 432 V36 1987}
The following Internet web sites contain information relevant to this course. They can be
accessed from many microcomputer labs on campus, including the Agriculture microcomputer
lab, using a web browser:
Online resources that will be used in the course
1. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals. This Australian site contains description of an
ever-growing database of referenced inherited characteristics of animals, which can be
browsed by species, inherited disorder, or by other keywords.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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2. Genome maps of domestic animals. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/). This site
contains maps of the genomes of domestic animals, including information on genes and DNA
markers.
3. Breeds of livestock. (http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/). This is a very useful and
referenced site out of Oklahoma State University. It has information on the origins and
characteristics of many livestock breeds. It also serves as a good source for contact information
of breed associations for some countries for some breeds. We will not directly use this site but
it can serve as a good quick resource on breed origins and characteristics.
4. Genes for Cowboys. This site from the University of Saskatchewan has information on basic
genetics of simply inherited traits in cattle. This site also has information that has been drawn
upon for lecture resources.
Online resources that may be of interest:
5. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Domestic Animal Diversity (DAD) Information
System. (http://dad.fao.org/). My predecessor used this site. I have not used it but it gives
information on farm livestock genetic diversity in many countries of the world. It has a database
of breeds and an online library of genetic resources material.
6. Rare Breed Survival Trust. (http://www.rbst.org.uk/). This is a site from the United Kingdom
that is concerned with the preservation of breeds of livestock in the UK.
7. Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities.
(http://www.yellowhousefarmnh.com/the-society-for-the-preservation-of). This is an
interesting site concerned with genetic resources in poultry.
Course Technology
Lecture notes will be posted on UMlearn and students are encouraged to review and or print
their own copy of the notes that they bring class. Hard copies of notes will not be provided to
students. Laptops and tablets can be used to take notes during lectures. However personal
direct electronic messaging / posting activities (e-mail, texting, video or voice chat, wikis, blogs,
social networking (e.g. Facebook) online and offline “gaming” during scheduled class time is not
permitted. Anyone expecting to receive important telephone calls during the lecture should
switch their cell phones to vibrate mode and leave the classroom upon reception of such calls
to minimize disrupting class activities.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Class Communication
The University requires all students to activate an official University email account. For full
details of the Electronic Communication with Students please visit:
http://umanitoba.ca/admin/governance/media/Electronic_Communication_with_Students_Pol
icy_-_2014_06_05.pdf
Please note that all communication between you as a student and myself must comply with the
electronic communication with student policy:
(http://umanitoba.ca/admin/governance/governing_documents/community/electronic_communic
ation_with_students_policy.html). You are required to obtain and use your U of M email
account for all communication between yourself and the university.
Expectations: I Expect You To
a) Attend class on time.
b) Ask for help.
c) Work together on assignment problems other than exams (but prepare your individual
answers independently)
d) To have the prerequisite background i.e., basic genetics as well as basic knowledge of
Excel spreadsheet functions and also basic knowledge of statistics.
e) To act in a civil, respectful, and responsible manner toward all members of the U of M
community
Academic Integrity:
Plagiarism or any other form of cheating in the final examination, term tests or academic work
is subject to serious academic penalty. Cheating in examinations or tests may take the form of
copying from another student or bringing unauthorized materials into the exam room. Exam
cheating can also include exam impersonation. A student found guilty of contributing to
cheating in examinations or term assignments is also subject to serious academic penalty.
Students should acquaint themselves with the University’s policy on plagiarism, cheating, exam
impersonation and duplicate submission (See Section 7 in the online calendar:
http://webapps.cc.umanitoba.ca/calendar11/Academic Regulations.pdf)
For assignment work, students are encourage to work together on problems – the purpose of
assignments is to understand the material. The completed assignment work that students pass
for grading must be in their own words. If the Internet or published material is used in
preparing such work, they must be properly referenced.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Students Accessibility Services
Student Accessibility Services
If you are a student with a disability, please contact SAS for academic accommodation supports
and services such as note-taking, interpreting, assistive technology and exam
accommodations. Students who have, or think they may have, a disability (e.g. mental illness,
learning, medical, hearing, injury-related, visual) are invited to contact SAS to arrange a
confidential consultation.
Student Accessibility Services http://umanitoba.ca/student/saa/accessibility/
520 University Centre
204 474 7423
[email protected]
Expectations: You Can Expect Me To
a) Attend and deliver lectures on time.
A large part of my teaching practice includes the use of PowerPoint presentations in
class.
b) Help you to understand the content and subject matter related to this course.
I expect students to either interrupt me or come and see me immediately after the
lecture if there is anything that is not clear. I will help you as much as I can to succeed in
this course.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Class Schedule
This schedule is subject to change at the discretion of the instructor and/or based on the
learning needs of the students but such changes are subject to Section 2.8 of the – ROASSProcedure.
LECTURE
DATE
UNIT/ TOPIC
0. Introduction
Jan 18, 2017
Course overview
1. Domestication
Jan 20, 2017
The process of domestication. Historical and modern effects
of domestication on human population
2. Breeds of Farm Animals
Jan 23, 2017
Common farm animal breeds
And Breed Conservation
Jan 25, 2017
Conservation of animal genetic resources
Jan 27, 2017
3. Genetic Improvement
Jan 30, 2017
Systems approach to genetic improvement
Registration Deadline
4. Mendelian Inheritance
Jan 31, 2017
Feb 1, 2017
Revised deadline
Mendel’s laws and gene action
Feb 3, 2017
Type of gene action at a single locus and at multiple loci
Feb 6, 2017
Sex related inheritance and other forms of inheritance
Feb 8, 2017
(epigenetic, meiosis sex chromosome inactivation, parental
imprinting, genomic imprinting, mitochondrial inheritance)
Mendelian genetics detrimental and lethal conditions of
animals
5. Study of Genetic
Feb 10, 2017
Differences
Differences in chromosomal morphology (seen through
spectra karyotyping and light microscope karyotyping; e.g.,
1, 29 Robertsonian translocation in cattle). Nucleotide bases
as the genetic code found on the chromosomes.
Feb 13, 2017
Classification of DNA sequences of chromosomes in the
mammalian genome. Functional and pseudo gene sequences
Term Test 1
Winter Term Fee Payment
6. Genetic Architect of a
Feb 15, 2017
Feb 15, 2015
Feb 17, 2017
Trait
No classes
No classes
No classes
Unit 1 to 5 [Marked tests will be returned within 1 week]
Due date
Gene interactions to produce specific phenotypes - coat color
in mammals will be used to illustrate these interactions.
Feb 20, 2017
Feb 22, 2017
Feb 24, 2017
Louis Riel Day
Mid term break
Mid term break
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
Lecture
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Date
6. Genome Mapping
Feb 27, 2017
Unit/ Topic
Assignment that uses the Online Mendelian Inheritance
database to illustrate the biochemical basis for some genetic
disorders. Additionally, the second section of the assignment
uses the Genome database to show relative chromosome size,
the sequence of common genetic markers on chromosomes of
various animal species
7. Population Genetics
Mar 1, 2017
Gene and genotype frequencies. The Hardy-Weinberg law and
Mar 3, 2017
how gene and genotypic frequencies change at a single or at
Mar 6, 2017
multiple loci to re-establish equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg
Mar 8, 2017
law and sex-linked loci. The effect of distance between linked
Mar 10, 2017
loci on the disequilibrium value and recombination frequency.
Mar 13, 2017
Forces that change gene frequency i.e., non-random mating,
migration, mutation, and selection
Term test 2
8. Quantitative genetics
Mar 15, 2017
Mar 17, 2017
Unit 1 6 to 7 [Marked tests will be returned within 1 week]
Phenotypic variance components are described.
Mar 20, 2017
Tools for the study of phenotypic variance components in
Mar 22, 2017
quantitative traits are discussed.
Mar 24, 2017
Phenotypic and genetic correlations, heritability and
Mar 27, 2017
Mar 29, 2017
1
VW deadline
8. Quantitative genetics
9. Selection
repeatability are discussed.
Predicting breeding values for economically important traits
Mar 31, 2017
Apr 3, 2017
of farm animals using both pedigree information and
Apr 5, 2017
production records
Apr 7, 2017
Factors that affect response to selection are studied.
Apr 10, 2017
Apr 12, 2017
No classes
10. Crossbreeding
Course Review
Apr 14, 2017
Apr 17, 2017
Good Friday
Creating a crossbred. Genetic effects in crossbreeding. Hybrid
Apr 19, 2017
vigour. Rotational crossbreeding system
Apr 21, 2017
Review of material covered and course evaluation
VW1 = Voluntary withdrawal
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Course Evaluation Methods
Students will be assessed by means of term tests, assignments and final examination. Each test
will comprise of; a) a short multiple choice section, b) fill in the blanks or short answers, and c) a
third section with questions that require longer and more thoughtful answers
Missed Exams
A missed exam will receive a score of zero unless the student provides a medical certificate
giving the reason for missing the exam.
Due Date:
Assessment Tool
February 15, 2017.
March 15, 2017
Written on each assignment
University Final Exam schedule
Midterm test 1
Midterm test 2
Assignments
Final Examination
Value of
Final Grade
25%
25%
10%
40%
Grading
Indicate your grading scale. A sample is given below that you can adjust to your course
expectations.
Letter Grade
A+
A
B+
B
C+
C
D
F
Percentage out of 100 Grade Point Range
92-100
4.25-4.5
84-91
3.75-4.24
77-83
3.25-3.74
70-76
2.75-3.24
65-69
2.25-2.74
60-64
2.0-2.24
50-59
Less than 2.0
Less than 50
Final Grade Point
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.0
0
Referencing Style
Assignments should use the citation format adopted by the Canadian Journal of Animal Science:
http://www.aic.ca/journals/cjas_instructions.cfm
Make sure you cite only literature that is highly relevant and avoid multiple citations on the
same point.
Check each reference with the original article and refer to it in the text by the author and date.
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Examples of correct citations:2
Maes et al. (2004) reported a negative association between backfat levels at the end of
gestation and percentage of stillborn piglets, and McKay (1993) showed that sows selected for
reduced backfat thickness wean fewer piglets per litter.
…the amount of adipose tissue at first service is crucial as it determines reproductive success
(total born per litter and number of piglets born alive) for the first three parities (Tummaruk et
al., 2007).
Similarly, Zak et al. (1997) reported longer WEIs for sows that had increased catabolism prior to
weaning.
List multiple references in the text in chronological order. Use “et al.” when there are more
than two authors but give all authors in the reference list at the end of your assignment.
Example of how references should be compiled at the end of your assignment (note bolding,
spacing of initials, capitalization, and punctuation):
2Examples
of citations are taken from:
Houde, A. A., Méthot, S., Murphy, B. D., Bordignon, V. and Palin, M. F. 2010. Relationships
between backfat thickness and reproductive efficiency of sows: A two-year trial involving two
commercial herds fixing backfat thickness at breeding. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 429-436.
Journal article:
Wade, C.M. J.W. Wilton, and Miller, S.P. 2001. Determination of breeding strategies for beef
cattle bull breeders selling bulls into two competing markets on a non-linear price grid. Can. J.
Anin. Sci. 81: 169-177.
Book chapter:
Bourdon, R.M. 2000. Understanding animal breeding Pages 21–55 Upper Saddle River, NJ :
Prentice Hall,
Web site:
Saskatchewan Pork International. 2003. Mitchell’s Gourmet Foods, Inc., Hog Settlement Grid.
[Online] Available: http://www.spimg.ca/grid-mgf.htm. [2006 Mar. 21].
ANSC 3500: Principles of Animal Genetics
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Assignment Descriptions
In some of the assignments, students will read a scientific manuscript or a scientific source and
answer questions about its content to summarize or interpret the material. Reading material is
chosen to reflect the course content and amplify chosen topics. One assignment will be based
upon information from online genetics databases, including the sites, Online Mendelian
Inheritance in Animals (OMIA), and the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Other assignments offer an opportunity to review materials covered in class through exercises
involving simple calculations. There will also be statistical calculations involving means and
variances for quantitative traits.
Assignment Due Dates
Assignments are passed out at the beginning of each section and due dates are assigned and
stated on each assignment.
Assignment Grading Times
Assignments are submitted to 201 Animal Science Building by 4:30 pm on the deadline date.
The instructor will not accept assignments before or after lectures. You must sign in your work
with the secretary in 201 Animal Science as proof that it was received. Graded assignments are
available 1 week from the due date and the marks are made available through UMlearn.
Assignment Extension and Late Submission Policy
Late Assignments
Students should hand in assignments on time. Otherwise late assignments will not be accepted
without an acceptable explanation. ‘Acceptable’ explanation is anything unforeseen that would
prevent you to complete the assignment on time. Proof of the said ‘unforeseen circumstance’
will be required.
Missed Assignments
Assignments which are not submitted will be given a score of zero, and that zero score will be
used to calculate the overall average for assignments.