Download ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY Dr. Nabil Khouri

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin
Human Anatomy ARTERIAL
& Physiology
BLOOD
FIFTH EDITION
SUPPLY
Elaine N. Marieb
Dr. Nabil Khouri
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vascular system
• The vascular system plays the critical role In:
• Delivering nutrients
• Clearing metabolic waste products from peripheral tissues
• Maintaining systemic core temperature.
Vascular flow is controlled by various processes, including:
• Vessels anatomy & histology structure
• Vascular tone, which is controlled by neuroendocrine
hormones along with autonomic nervous system influence
• End-organ metabolic requirements.
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Two cardiovascular circulation
• Pulmonary circulation
– blood to and from the
lungs
• System circulation
– blood to and from the
rest of the body
• Vessels carry the blood
through these circuits
– Arteries carry blood away
from the heart
– Veins carry blood to the
heart
– Capillaries permit
exchange
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Pulmonary
Circulation
• Pulmonary trunk
branches
– Right and left
pulmonary
arteries
– Division into lobar
arteries
• 3 on right
• 2 on left
– Smaller and
smaller arterioles,
into capillaries
surrounding
alveoli
• Gas exchange
• Pulmonary system
pressure is only 1/6 of
systemic blood
pressure
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After gas exchange blood enters
venules
Larger and larger into Superior
and Inferior Pulmonary veins
Four Pulmonary Veins empty
into left atrium
Systemic Circulation
•
•
Oxygenated blood to body
Leaves LV through Ascending Aorta
–
•
It has Only 2 branches: the left and right coronary arteries
Aortic Arch has three arteries branching from it:
1. Brachiocephalic trunk, has 2 branches:
•
•
Right common carotid a.
Right subclavian a.
2. Left common carotid a.
3. Left subclavian a.
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Aorta and Its Major Branches
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Arteries of the Head and Neck
Coronary arteries and sinuses
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Ligamentum arteriosum & Vagus Narve
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Arteries of the Head and Neck
External Carotid A
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Internal carotid A.
– Enters skull
through carotid
canal
– Gives off:
• Ophthalmic artery
– Then divides into
anterior and
middle cerebral
arteries
together they supply
80% of cerebrum
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Arteries of the Brain
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Arteries of the Upper limb
• Subclavian runs
laterally onto 1st rib,
under clavicle
• Enters axilla as axillary
artery
– Sends branches
• Continues as brachial
artery in upper arm
– Splits into radial &
ulnar arteries
– See hand supply
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The axillary artery
The axillary artery is
separated into three
parts by the pectoralis
minor muscle, which
crosses anteriorly to the
vessel :
• The first part is
proximal to pectoralis
minor;
• The second part is
posterior to pectoralis
minor;
• The third part is distal
to pectoralis minor.
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Generally, six branches arise from the axillary
artery:
• One branch, the superior thoracic artery,
originates from the first part;
• Two branches, the thoraco-acromial artery and
the lateral thoracic artery, originate from the
second part;
• Three branches, the subscapular artery, the
anterior circumflex humeral artery, and the
posterior circumflex humeral artery, originate
from the third part
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Branches of the
axillary artery.
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Brachial artery
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Arteries of the anterior
compartment of the
forearm.
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Superficial
Palmar arch.
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Deep palmar arch.
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Important clinical anatomy fact
• In approximately 80% of patients, the deep and
superficial palmar arches are connected and are
referred to as complete.
• This results in a Dual perfusion supply to the common
and proper digital vessels.
• This is an important attribute of hand vascular
architecture, providing collateral blood flow in the
event of vascular pathology affecting one of these
palmar arches.
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Where to take peripheral artery
pulses in the upper limb.
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Descending
Aorta
• Anterior
intercostals are
branchs off the
Internal thoracic*
(A branch of
subclavian)
• Posterior
intercostals are
branchs off the
Thoracic aorta
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The Abdominal Aorta
• At rest, ½ arterial blood is here!
• Three single (Unpaired) midline branches supply the digestive tract
1. Celiac trunk
2. Superior mesenteric artery
3. Inferior mesenteric artery
1.
2.
3.
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1. Celiac trunk: divides into 3 right away: left gastric, splenic &
common hepatic
1.
2.
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2. Superior mesenteric supplies most of intestines
3. Inferior mesenteric supplies distal half of large intestine
1.
2.
3.
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Arteries to the abdomen
• The Paired branches off the abdominal aorta supply
adrenal glands, kidneys, gonads and abdominal body wall
supply
diaphragm
supply
adrenals
to kidney
3.
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Terminal branches of the abdominal Aorta
• Abdominal aorta terminal branches are the two: the Rt
and Lt Common iliacs
• At L4; each will terminate by dividing into:
– Internal iliacs to pelvic organs, perineum, buttocks, medial
thighs
– External iliacs: to rest of lower limbs
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• External iliac passes
under inguinal ligament
becoming Femoral
artery
• At back of knee femoral
becomes popliteal
artery, and branches
Feel dorslis pedis &
posterior tibial
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Plantar arches
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Dorsal branches from anterior tibial artery
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Arteries to the uterus and vagina
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