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Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entrop Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 1. What is the entropy change when 4 kg of water at 0°C is frozen into 4 kg of ice at 0°C? A) 4.9 kJ/K D) 1340 kJ/K B) an infinite change E) −33 kJ/K C) −4.9 kJ/K Ans: C Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Conceptual 2. When you make ice cubes, the entropy of the water A) decreases. B) remains unchanged. C) increases. D) is unchanged as the water cools but decreases as the water freezes. E) decreases while the water is cooling but does not change as it turns to ice. Ans: A Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Conceptual 3. The change in the entropy of the universe due to an operating Carnot engine A) is zero. B) must be positive. C) must be negative. D) could be positive or negative. E) is meaningless to consider, because a Carnot engine has no connection to entropy. Ans: A Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Conceptual 4. A quantity of heat is removed from a hot reservoir at absolute temperature T and then is added to a cold reservoir at absolute temperature T/2. The cold reservoir experiences an entropy increase S. What is the change in the entropy of the universe? A) S B) zero C) –S D) 2S E) S/2 Ans: E Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 5. A car of mass 2000 kg is traveling at 22.0 m/s on a day when the temperature is 20.0ºC. The driver steps on the brakes and stops the car. By how much does the entropy of the universe increase? A) 1.6 kJ/K B) 24 kJ/K C) 4.8 × 105 J/K D) 0.15 kJ/K E) 3.3 kJ/K Ans: A Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 6. A steam power plant with an efficiency of 65% of the maximum thermodynamic efficiency operates between 250º C and 40ºC. What is the change in the entropy of the universe when this plant does 1.0 kJ of work? A) 16 J/K B) 1.7 J/K C) 55 J/K D) 1.7 mJ/K E) 0.85 J/K Ans: B Page 1 Chapter 19: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 7. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from a volume of 1 L to a volume of 2 L. The change in entropy of the gas in terms of the universal gas constant R is A) R/2 B) 2R C) R ln(2) D) R ln(½) E) None of these is correct. Ans: C Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Conceptual 8. A thermodynamic system is taken in equilibrium steps from State I to State II. The quantities by which the process can be characterized are 1 2 3 4 5 internal energy, entropy, temperature, work, and heat. Of these quantities, those that are independent of path are A) 1, 2, and 3. D) 1, 3, and 5. B) 2, 3, and 4. E) 2, 3, and 5. C) 3, 4, and 5. Ans: A Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 9. Two moles of a gas at T = 350 K expand quasistatically and isothermally from an initial volume of 20 L to a final volume of 60 L. The change in entropy of the gas during this expansion is (R = 8.314 J/mol·K) A) –17.4 J/K Ans: B B) 18.3 J/K C) 20.4 J/K D) –24.6 J/K E) 27.8 J/K Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 10. Three moles of a gas at T = 250 K expand quasi-statically and adiabatically from an initial volume of 30 L to a final volume of 60 L. The change in entropy of the gas during this expansion is (R = 8.314 J/mol·K) A) 17.3 J/K Ans: E B) 18.6 J/K C) –17.4 J/K D) 19.5 J/K E) zero Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 11. A container has 0.2 mole of O2 gas and the gas is heated from 0°C to 100°C. What is the change in entropy of the gas? (R = 8.314 J/mol·K) A) 1.82 J/K B) 1.30 J/K C) 0.78 J/K D) 26.8 J/K E) zero Ans: A Page 2 Chapter 19: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type: Numerical 12. A block of mass m = 0.2 kg slides across a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of kinetic friction µk = 0.5. What is the change in entropy after the block has moved a distance of 1 m? The temperature of the block and surrounding is 22°C. A) 4.5×10 − 2 J/K B) 3.3×10 − 3 J/K C) 6.7×10 − 3 J/K D) 9.0×10 − 3 J/K E) zero Ans: B Section: 19–7 Topic: Entropy Type: Conceptual 13. Entropy is related to probability. An isolated system moves toward A) a highly ordered state of low probability and high entropy. B) a highly ordered state of high probability and high entropy. C) a state of low order, high probability, and high entropy. D) a state of low order, low probability, and high entropy. E) a state of low order, high probability, and low entropy. Ans: C Section: 19–7 Topic: Entropy and Probability Type: Conceptual 14. Which of the following statements is true of an isolated system consisting of 15 gas molecules? A) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas cannot decrease. B) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas cannot increase. C) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas is not likely to decrease. D) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas is not likely to increase. E) According to the second law, the entropy of the gas must stay the same. Ans: C Section: 19–7 Topic: Entropy and Probability Type: Numerical 15. A box contains 10 red and 10 white marbles. The box is then given a good shake. What is the probability that all the 10 red marbles will be at the bottom of the box? A) 1/1024 B) 1/2048 C) 1/512 D) 1/2 E) zero Ans: A Page 3