Download 1. ATP in a Molecule Cell Energy

Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell
1.
ATP in a Molecule
Cell Energy; essential to life
a.
Work and need for energy
i.
All living ______________ must be able to produce _____________ from
the environment.
b.
ii.
Store energy for _________________ use.
iii.
Use energy in a _________________ manner.
Processes that require energy
i.
Active ____________, cell _____________, ______________
contracting, etc..
2.
Energy source in cells
i.
a.
ATP
_________________
_______phosphate
ATP is composed of an adenosine molecule with ______ phosphate groups
attached
i.
3.
Phosphate _______________ are charged molecules.
Forming and Breaking Down ATP
a.
The ________________ phosphate groups act like positive poles of two magnets.
i.
Hard to attract two with the same charges, takes a lot of __________
(ADP, adenosine diphosphate).
ii.
Tremendous amount of ____________ to attract the _________ phosphate
group.
(1)
The third one wants to get ___________ and when it does the bond
is broken releasing a ______________amount of energy.
iii.
The energy from the ATP becomes _________________________ and the
resulting molecule is ______________ which can attract another
phosphate group to make ATP and the ___________ cycle starts over.
4.
Tapping the energy stored in ATP
a.
When energy is ________________, cells must have a way to _____________ the
energy or it is wasted.
b.
Cellular proteins have a _________________ site where ATP can bind.
c.
When the third phosphate group _________ bond is broken, the cell can
________ the energy released and use the energy.
5.
6.
Uses of the Cell Energy
a.
Making _____________ Molecules.
b.
Cell _______________.
c.
Maintaining _____________________.
d.
Kidney _________________
e.
Exercising.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
i.
a.
Trapping the Sun’s Energy
Process plant’s use to trap the sun’s energy and build ________________,
___________________, that store energy.
b.
7.
Two phases:
i.
light-________________ reactions
ii.
________________-independent reactions
Light-Dependent Reactions
a.
Light-_________________ reactions converts light energy into ______________
energy, ATP.
b.
Reactions take place in the ___________________ discs inside the chloroplast.
i.
The pigment chlorophyll (a and b) absorb most color _________________
except green. Green is_____________back making the leaf green in
color.
8.
Light-Independent Reactions
i.
The Calvin Cycle
a.
Series of reactions that use carbon ___________________ to form carbohydrates.
b.
Does not _______________light.
c.
Takes place in the ___________________.
d.
Only one molecule of CO2 is made each time through the cycle, it takes six times
to make one glucose.
9.
9.3 Getting Energy to Make ATP
i.
a.
10.
Cellular Respiration
________________stages of Cellular respiration:
i.
Glycolysis (__________________)
ii.
____________ Acid Cycle (aerobic)
iii.
Electron _______________ Transport (aerobic)
Glycolysis
a.
Series of chemical reactions in the ______________ of a cell that break down
glucose into pyruvic acid.
i.
b.
11.
A six carbon compound to a ________________ carbon compound
Give a net total of ___________ ATP in this process.
Citric Acid Cycle
i.
Also known as the _______________Cycle
a.
Glucose is broken down.
b.
One molecule of ATP is produced for_____________ turn of the cycle.
c.
Two electron carriers are used FAD and NAD
i.
These ________________ carriers pass the energized electrons to the
electron transport chain.
12.
The citric acid cycle
13.
Electron Chain Transport
a.
Inner membrane of the _____________________.
b.
The electron carriers pass electrons to the _______________ within the
membrane releasing energy to form ATP.
c.
14.
Produces _________________ ATP molecules, very efficient
Fermentation
i.
15.
Lactic acid and Alcoholic
a.
Anaerobic ______________ process
b.
_______________ ATP are formed
c.
Lactic Acid is animals
d.
Alcoholic in yeasts and plants
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration