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Page 40 November 14, 2016 Ancient Egypt- JAT pages 39-40 Settling the Nile-When was the Nile Valley settled? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Why is the Nile Valley called a “Sheltered Land”? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Why is the Nile River called the “Mighty River”? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ About how far is it from the first cataract to the second cataract? ___________________________________________________ Page 41 1. What physical features border the Nile River to the east and west? 2. How did the deserts surrounding the Nile Valley help protect Egypt? _______________________________________________ 3. What was Egypt’s physical setting like? __________________________________________________ Page 40 November 14, 2016 Why is the Nile Valley called a “Sheltered Land”? Ancient Egypt- JAT pages 39-40 Settling the Nile-When was the Nile Valley settled? Between 6000 BCE and 5000 BCE, hunters and gatherers moved into green Nile River valley, farmed land and created villages along riverbanks Nile runs through a narrow, green valley in Egypt; Before reaching Mediterranean Sea, Nile divides into branches that fan out over area of fertile soil called a delta. Sahara aka Western Desert and Eastern Deserts surround Nile Valley and its delta-“the Red Land” (deserts) kept outside armies away from Egypt’s territory Also protected the Egyptians: Nile’s dangerous cataracts blocked enemy boats from reaching Egypt- Delta marshes offered no harbors for invaders approaching from the sea Why is the Nile River called the “Mighty River”? Little rainfall, Egyptians relied on Nile River for water (drinking, bathing, farming, cooking and cleaning), provided fish, supported plants and animals World’s longest river, flows north from heart of Africa to Mediterranean Sea – 4,000 miles, begins as two separate rivers – Blue Nile and White Nile Narrow cliffs and boulders form wild rapids called cataracts – large ships can only use last 650 miles of Nile because of cataracts (when it flows through Egypt) About how far is it from the first cataract to the second cataract? About 180 miles. Estimate of 150-200 Page 41 1. What physical features border the Nile River to the east and west? The Eastern Desert and Western (Sahara) Desert 2. How did the deserts surrounding the Nile Valley help protect Egypt? They kept invaders away from Egypt’s territory. 3. What was Egypt’s physical setting like? Egypt lay in the fertile Nile River Valley surrounded by deserts and the Mediterranean and Red Sea. Page 42 Did the Nile have a “Regular Flooding” season? November 15, 2016 Page 43 JAT pages 41-42 _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 1. How does the Hymn show that the ancient Egyptians thought of the Nile as a god? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________ __________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. What crops did the ancient Egyptians grow? How Did the Egyptians Use the Nile? ________________________________________________ __________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3. Why were the people of The Nile Valley called “The River People”- _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________ __________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ What were hieroglyphics? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Page 42 Did the Nile have a “Regular Flooding” season? More dependable and gentle floods than Tigris and Euphrates Rivers – Egyptians farmed and lived securely Heavy rains from central Africa and melting snows from the highlands added to the Nile every spring Nile flooded from July to October and then left a layer of dark, fertile mud, Land was called Kemet – “the Black Land” How Did the Egyptians Use the Nile? Good irrigation system - Dug basins and canals to carry water to fields and built dikes Used technology and developed geometry to divide the land Used papyrus to make baskets, sandals and river rafts and for papermaking What were hieroglyphics? Complex writing system combining picture symbols and sound symbols. Scribes: kept records and worked for the rulers, priests, and traders, carved hieroglyphics onto stone walls and monuments and invented simpler script and wrote or painted on papyrus November 15, 2016 Page 43 JAT pages 41-42 1. How does the Hymn show that the ancient Egyptians thought of the Nile as a god? It credits the river with causing everything to exist and prosper. 2. What crops did the ancient Egyptians grow? Successful farmers – wheat, barley and flax seed; had a surplus of food for themselves and animals 3. Why were the people of The Nile Valley called “The River People”Egyptians depended on flooding to grow crops and Egyptians welcomed the floods Page 44 Ancient Egypt- JAT pages 43-44 What is a “United Egypt”? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ What is the “Rise of Government”? November 16, 2016 Page 45 1. What is a dynasty? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. Which civilization had greater natural defenses, the Mesopotamians or the Egyptians? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. Compare the governments of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Use the chart on page 44 of JAT. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Who were Egypt’s ruling families? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4. How did the government ensure that enough people were available to harvest the wheat? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5. Why do you think seeds, fruit, and other additives were reserved for the wealthy? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Page 44 Ancient Egypt- JAT pages 43-44 What is a “United Egypt”? November 16, 2016 Page 45 1. What is a dynasty? Skilled farming led to surplus A line of rulers from one family. Artisans developed crafts to trade 2. Which civilization had greater natural defenses, the Mesopotamians or the Egyptians? Trading brought goods and ideas to Egypt. What is the “Rise of Government”? Egypt: Nile delta, Sahara Desert, Eastern Desert, and cataracts isolated the area. Advances in trade and crafts created the need for government Earliest rulers were chiefs, strong chiefs united villages into kingdoms Mesopotamia had city states led by kings and priest, empires eventually formed. Strongest kingdom overpowered others Egypt had villages led by chiefs that united into kingdoms, eventually united by the pharaoh. Lower Egypt- Nile Delta, Upper Egypt south or up river Who were Egypt’s ruling families? Narmer/Menes was king of Upper Egypt; he led armies to take over lower Egypt Rules from Memphis, wore a double crown United Egypt became a dynasty; was ruled by Narmrer’s descendants for 31 dynasties (2,800 years) 3. Compare the governments of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Use the chart on page 44 of JAT. 4. How did the government ensure that enough people were available to harvest the wheat? The government drafted people to help during the busy seasons. 5. Why do you think seeds, fruit, and other additives were reserved for the wealthy? Those additives might have been expensive or hard to get. Page 46 November 16, 2016 Page 47 Ancient Egypt- JAT pages 45-46 What was early Egyptian life like? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ What group was just below the pharaoh in Egyptian society? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Who made up the largest group in Egyptian society? How were Egypt’s social classes divided up? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ What was family life like in Egypt? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ What is papyrus and how did the Egyptians use it? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ What rights did women have in ancient Egypt? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Describe the Egyptian writing system. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Page 46 November 16, 2016 Ancient Egypt- JAT pages 45-46 What group was just below the pharaoh in Egyptian society? What was Egyptian life like? Divided up into social groups based on wealth and power. Page 47 Priests and nobles. Who made up the largest group in Egyptian society? Farmers. What is papyrus and how did the Egyptians use it? Papyrus is a reed plant that was used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts and paper. How were Egypt’s social classes divided up? On top was the king and his family, the upper class was made up of nobles, priests, and government officials. Middle class- merchants, then artisans, then farmers and unskilled workers at the bottom. What was family life like in Egypt? Father was head of the family Women had right to own property, buy and sell goods. Children learned from their parents- girls to cook and sew from mom; boys to farm or trade from dad. Few went to school. What rights did women have in ancient Egypt? Women could own and pass on property, buy and sell goods, make wills, obtain divorces, and take part in religious ceremonies. Describe the Egyptian writing system. Picture symbols called hieroglyphics, stood for objects, ideas and sounds.
