Download Grade 8 – Math Content Number/Numeration 1. Deciding when the

Grade 8 – Math Content Number/Numeration 1. Deciding when the exact answer is necessary and when an approximation is sufficient 2. Reading and writing numerals and decimals 3. Understanding place value of numerals 4. Reading, writing, and converting between a) numerals, b) expanded form (5 x 100 + 7 x 10 + 1), and c) word names through hundred trillions and millionths 5. Rounding decimals 6. Using the shortcut for multiplying and dividing by using multiples of 10, 100, 1000, etc. to read and write any fraction in words and numerals 7. Finding equivalent fractions by multiplication or reduction 8. Comparing and ordering numbers in any form (fractions, decimals, whole numbers, percents, etc.) 9. Converting between ratios, fractions, decimals, and percents 10. Estimating and finding sums and differences of fractions and mixed numbers 11. Converting whole numbers and mixed numbers to improper fractions and vice versa 12. Estimating and finding products and quotients of fractions and mixed numbers 13. Estimating and finding the fraction of a number (find 3/5 of 17) 14. Estimating and finding sums, differences, products, and quotients of decimals 15. Writing ratios in three forms (1:2, ½, or 1 to 2) 16. Finding equivalent ratios with or without the use of concrete objects and drawings 17. Solving proportions 18. Finding the percent of a number (find 25% of 60), finding the percent one number is of another (What % of 60 is 15?), anf finding the number when a percent of it is given (25%of what number is 15?) 19. Understanding the use of integers in real life situations 20. Estimating and finding the sums, differences, products , and quotients of integers with or without concrete or pictorial helps 21. Finding reciprocals of any number 22. Finding the GCF and LCM of numbers by using lists of factors and multiples or by using the prime factorization 23. Identifying and using properties of addition and multiplication (identity, commutative, associative, distributive) Measurement 1. Estimating, measuring, and/or converting U.S. customary measurement of metric measurements in length, weight, and liquid capacity 2. Recognizing the relationship between the cubic centimeter, milliliter, and gram 3. Computing measurement in the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division 4. Finding the perimeter of polygons using either addition or a formula 5. Approximating pi as 3.14 and using pi in finding the circumference or area of a circle 6. Recognizing and using formulas for the area of circles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and triangles 7. Finding the surface area of a rectangular prism, cube, or cylinder 8. Recognizing and using the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder, rectangular and triangular prisms, and cubes 9. Using the Pythagorean theorem to find the lengths of the sides of a right triangle (integer sides) 10. Computing simple interest and sales tax Geometry 1. Identifying and classifying by faces, edges, and vertices, the following three-­‐
dimensional objects: cubes, rectangular prisms, cylinders, pyramids, spheres, and cones, and describe their properties 2. Identifying scalene, isosceles, equilateral, and right triangles and describe their properties 3. Using the Pythagorean theorem to find the lengths of the sides of a right triangle (whole number sides) 4. Identifying and classifying by angles, congruence of sides, and parallel sides, the following quadrilaterals: square, rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, and rhombus, and describe their properties 5. Identifying and naming polygons by the number of sides through ten sides 6. Identifying and understanding the concepts of parallel and perpendicular lines, rays, line segments, and planes 7. Identifying and understanding right, obtuse, acute, and straight angles 8. Identifying the vertex of an angle and understanding the proper method for naming an angle 9. Using a protractor to estimate, measure, and construct angles to the nearest degree 10. Understanding complementary and supplementary angles 11. Finding the perimeter of complex polygons containing only right angles 12. Identifying and understanding the circumference of a circle recognizing radius, diameter, and the formula for finding circumference 13. Approximating pi as 3.14 and using pi in finding the circumference or area of a circle 14. Finding the area of polygons by using the formulas for angles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms and trapezoids 15. Finding the surface area of a rectangular prism, cube, or cylinder 16. Recognizing and using the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder, rectangular prism, triangular prism, and cube 17. Understanding the concept of semicircles and their relationship to area and volume 18. Understanding the use of the rectangular coordinates recognizing the x and y axis and the four quadrants on the grid 19. Exploring and understanding the concept of a plane 20. Understanding the concepts of line, point, and plane symmetry 21. Understanding the following geometric constructions using a compass and straightedge: copy angles, perpendicular bisectors, angle bisectors, copy triangles, constructing a perpendicular through a point not on a line 22. Finding the perimeter of complex polygons containing only right angles 23. Understanding all parts of a circle Statistics/Probability 1. Gathering data by counting, performing simple experiments, by measuring, conducting a survey, or by using source books such as almanacs 2. Constructing picture, line, bar, and circle graphs 3. Analyzing and interpreting information obtained from these graphs 4. Determining the probability of simple and multiple events such as the roll of a die, flip of a coin, use of spinners, drawing colored shapes out of a box or bag, etc. 5. Making a table of information after conducting simple probability experiments 6. Finding the mean, mode, range, and median for a given set of data 7. Using and constructing tree diagrams to find the total number of outcomes, and using the counting principle 8. Knowing if events are or are not equally likely 9. Understanding the difference between dependent and independent events 10. Exploring and understanding the concept of “odds” (What are the odds in favor of getting a five on a die?) 11. Using, constructing, and interpreting line plots, stem and leaf plots, and box plots Algebra 1. Representing problem situations by using numbers, operations (+, -­‐, x. and division), and relations (=, >, <) which may or may not include an unknown 2. Exploring and developing pattern recognition (3, -­‐9, 27, -­‐81) 3. Evaluating expressions by substitution into simple formulas such as A= l w 4. Graphing points on the coordinate plane 5. Using the correspondence of numbers to points on a number line as a way of locating or identifying values 6. Solving simple open sentences with variables like n-­‐5=9 7. Evaluating algebraic expressions like 2c+5 by substitution 8. Understanding the order of operations 9. Understanding the different representations of multiplication and division within an equation ( 4(A), 4A, (4)(A) ) 10. Understanding the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division rules for algebraic equations with integers 11. Understanding and writing the steps to be followed in solving algebraic equations 12. Understanding and exploring the graphing if a linear function on a grid with X and Y axis 13. Understanding the concepts of commutative, associative, distributive, and identity as it applies to algebra 14. Understanding and exploring graphing of inequalities using a number line 15. Writing an algebraic expression (phrase) using variables 16. Understanding and exploring equations that have a variable on both sides of the equation 17. Changing word problems into equations and then solving the equation 18. Understanding and exploring adding like terms in an equation Problem Solving 1. Identifying when a problem exists 2. Estimating, checking, and revising solutions 3. Reading, understanding, and solving word problems that have extra (unnecessary) information or missing information 4. Extending and generalizing problem solutions 5. Using the algorithms for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers, decimals, and fractions to solve one-­‐step and multiple-­‐step problems 6. Exploring open-­‐ended problems (problems that have more than one correct solution) 7. Solving problems using the following techniques (heuristics): using objects to model the problem, making drawings of the problem, using lists or tables, using an equation, using simpler versions of the problem, acting out a problem, conducting a simulation or experiment of the problem, finding a pattern to solve the problem, guessing and checking, working backwards, using outside sources to find information necessary to solve a problem