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NAME _______________________________
Second Nine Weeks Benchmark Study Guide
CHAPTER 17
1.Cold, dry air affecting the northern United States in winter often comes from what type of air masses?
2.When a rapidly moving cold air mass overtakes a slow-moving warm air mass, the result is a(n) ________________
front.
3.When a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and neither can move the other, the result is a(n) ________________
front.
4.A funnel-shaped cloud that touches Earth’s surface is called a ___________________.
5.One of the best places to seek protection during a tornado is in the _______________________ of a well-built building.
6.Weather forecasting has improved recently in part because of better _________________________.
7.Scientists who study weather and try to predict it are called __________________________.
8.Isobars are lines on a map joining places that have the same _________________________.
9.On weather maps, a line with half circles indicates a _____________________________.
10.What kind of weather would a continental tropical air mass that formed over northern Mexico bring to the
southwestern United States?
11.When a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass, it forms a(n) ________________ front.
12.Hurricanes typically form over ____________________________________________________.
13.Describe the eye of a hurricane.
14.If people are asked to evacuate during a hurricane watch, they are being asked to do what?
15.A “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands is called a(n) __________________________.
16.A storm is a(n) ___________________________________________________________________________.
CHAPTER 5
17.What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
18.Holes drilled several kilometers into Earth’s crust provide direct evidence about Earth’s interior in the form of
_________________________.
19.A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a ____________________
boundary.
20.What are four pieces of evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?
21.The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as
____________________________.
22.The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of
_____________________________________.
23.A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a convergent boundary produces a
_____________________________________.
24.Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth’s interior is made up of several
_________________.
25.What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge?
26.Earth’s mantle is a layer of _________________ rock.
27.In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts at __________________________________.
28.What does Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift state?
29.Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _____________________________
____________________________________________.
30.The place where two plates come together is known as a _________________________ boundary.
31.Old oceanic crust is more dense than new oceanic crust because it is __________________.
32.Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by __________________. (Warmer fluids rise, and cooler fluids sink.)
33.Describe Earth’s inner core.
34.A rift valley forms at a __________________________ boundary.
35.What is Pangaea?
36.Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior by studying _____________________________.
CHAPTER 6
37.Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?
38.A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a _____________________.
39.A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is called a(n) __________________________.
40.Why is the risk of earthquakes high along the Pacific coast of the United States?
41.A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called _________________.
42.The land between two normal faults moves upward to form a _________________________ mountain.
43.The rating system that rates an earthquake based on its magnitude is called the _____________________ scale.
44.What type of earthquake wave can only travel through solids?
45.Which scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings?
46.S waves are also known as ____________________________ waves.
47.Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move _________________________.
48.The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is called the
_______________.
49.In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?
50.The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an
accordion are called _____________________.