Download 1. Differentiate the different muscle tissue types and bone tissue by

1. Differentiate the different muscle tissue types and bone tissue by structure
and function.
There are basically three different types of muscle tissue. These include skeletal
muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. These three types are differentiated by
their function as well as the presence of striations across the cell body. In contrast,
there are five types of human bone. These include the long bones, short bones, flat
bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. Each of these bones above has different
characteristics and functions within the body.
2. Differentiate the cellular activity during the three phases of a muscle
contraction.
A muscle twitch is a single contraction of skeletal muscle. The three distinct phases
are latent, contraction, and relaxation. The latent phase is the interval from the
stimulus application until the muscle begins to contract and get shorter. Note that
there is no traced activity during this phase, but there are some electrical and
chemical changes taking place during this phase. Next we have the contraction
phase, where the muscle fibers shorten; one or more peaks are visible during this
phase. During the final relaxation phase we see a downward curve in the tracings.
This is when the muscle is going back to its original state of relaxation and the
muscle will once again lengthen to its original state.
3. Explain the involvement of motor units during a muscle contraction to lift a
5lb weight versus a 50lb weight.
The difference between picking up a 5 lb or a 50 lb weight is in how many muscle
fibers are involved. Each one, however, just does what it's told and either contracts
on demand, or not. Muscles have a mixture of two basic types of fibers: fast twitch
and slow twitch. Fast-twitch fibers are capable of developing greater forces,
contracting faster and have greater anaerobic capacity. In contrast, slow-twitch
fibers develop force slowly, can maintain contractions longer and have higher
aerobic capacity.
4. Describe the functional advantage of synovial joints.
The synovial joint is the most common and movable type of joint, and is
characterized by the presence of a layer of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage that
lines the opposing bony surfaces, as well as a lubricating synovial fluid within the
synovial cavity. The great advantage of a synovial joint is that it is freely moveable in
just about any plane, increasing the flexibility of the human body.
5. Using the picture of the man jumping as a reference, provide the correct
answer for the questions below.
a. Name the articulation indicated by Medio lateral condyle
a circle. (Hint: It’s the name of the
two main bones)
Answer:
b. Name the action occurring at the
hip joint.
Flexion
Answer:
c. Name the action occurring in the
joint indicated by the square.
Extension
Answer:
d. Name the muscle indicated by the
arrow that points the ankle
upwards.
Tibialis anterior muscle
Answer:
e. Name the muscle that flexes the
right shoulder.
Answer:
Brachialis