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accident(ally) circle famous island peculiar sentence actual(ly) complete favourite knowledge perhaps separate address consider February learn popular special answer continue forward(s) length position straight appear decide fruit library possess(ion) strange arrive describe grammar material possible strength believe different group medicine potatoes suppose bicycle difficult guard mention pressure surprise breath disappear guide minute probably therefore breathe early heard natural promise though/although build earth heart naughty purpose thought busy/business eight/eighth height notice quarter through calendar enough history occasion(ally) question various caught exercise imagine often recent weight centre experience increase opposite regular woman/women century experiment important ordinary reign certain extreme interest particular remember Year 3 and 4 Spelling Rules Suffixes If the last syllable of a word is stressed and ends with one consonant letter which has just one vowel letter before it, the final consonant letter is doubled before any ending beginning with a vowel letter is added. The consonant letter is not doubled if the syllable is unstressed. e.g. forget – forgetting, begin – beginner garden – gardener, limit – limited The suffix -ation is added to verbs to make nouns e.g. information, location, admiration, sensation, preparation -ly The suffix –ly is added to an adjective to make an adverb e,g. quietly, slowly, sadly, usually Exceptions: (1) If the root word ends in –y with a consonant letter before it, the y is changed to i, but only if the root word has more than one syllable. e.g. happily, angrily (2) If the root word ends with –le, the –le is changed to –ly. e.g. gently, simply, humbly, nobly (3) If the root word ends with –ic, –ally is added rather than just –ly, except in the word publicly. e.g. basically, frantically, dramatically (4) The words truly, duly, wholly -sure/-ture The ending sounding like /ʒə/ is always spelt –sure. e.g. treasure, pleasure, leisure, measure The ending sounding like /tʃə/ is often spelt –ture, e.g. future, creature, adventure, furniture, nature BUT check that the word is not a root word ending in (t)ch with an er ending e.g. teacher, catcher, richer, stretcher -tion/-cian/-sion/-ssion –tion is the most common spelling. It is used if the root word ends in t or te. e.g. invention, action, injection, hesitation, completion, competition –ssion is used if the root word ends in ss or –mit. e.g. possession, recession, permission, omission –sion is used if the root word ends in d or se. e.g. extension, comprehension, tension, expansion Exceptions: attend – attention, intend – intention. –cian is used if the root word ends in c or cs. e.g. magician, politician, mathematician, electrician If the ending sounds like /ʒən/, it is spelt as –sion. e.g. division, television, revision, decision -ous When adding the suffix –ous, sometimes the root word is obvious and the usual rules apply for adding suffixes beginning with vowel letters. e.g. poisonous, dangerous, mountainous, famous, various BUT Sometimes there is no obvious root word. e.g. enormous, tremendous, jealous ‘our’ is changed to ‘or’ before –ous is added e.g. vigorous, humorous, glamorous A final ‘e’ of the root word must be kept if the /dʒ/ sound of ‘g’ is to be kept. e.g. courageous, outrageous If there is an /i:/ sound before the –ous ending, it is usually spelt as i, but a few words have e. e.g. serious, obvious, curious BUT hideous, courteous, spontaneous Unusual sounds y can make the sound /i/ e.g. gym, myth, hymn, mystery, pyramid, Egypt ou can make the sound /u/ e.g. young, touch, double, trouble, country ei, eigh, ey can make the /ay/ sound e.g. weigh, vein, neighbour, eight, obey, they From other languages ch can make the sounds/k/ (Greek origin) e.g. scheme, chorus, chemist, echo, character ch can make the sound /sh/ (French origin) e.g. chef, chalet, machine, brochure que can make the sound /k/ (French origin) e.g. cheque, unique, antique gue can make the sound/g/ (French origin) e.g. league, tongue sc can make the sound /s/ (Latin origin) e.g. science, scene, discipline, fascinate, crescent Prefixes The prefixes un-, mis- and dis- have negative meanings e.g. disappoint, disappear, disobey, misbehave, misspell, mislead The prefix in- can mean both ‘not’ and ‘in/into’ e.g. incorrect, inactive, indecisive BUT Before root words beginning with ‘l’ in- becomes ‘il- The prefix e.g. The prefix e.g. The prefix e.g. The prefix e.g. The prefix e.g. The prefix e.g. illegal, illegible Before a root word starting with ‘p’ or ‘m’, in- becomes imimmature, impossible, impatient, immoral Before a root word starting with r, in- becomes irirregular, irresponsible re- means ‘again’ or ‘back’ replay, redo, refresh, reappear, return, redecorate sub- means ‘under’ subway, subheading, submarine, submerge inter- means ‘between’ or ‘among’ interactive, intercity, international, interrelated super- means ‘above’ supermarket, superman, superstar anti- means ‘against’ anticlockwise, antiseptic, antisocial auto- means ‘self’ or ‘own’ automatic, autograph, autobiography Aposotrophe for plural possession The apostrophe is placed after the plural form of the word; –s is not added if the plural already ends in –s, but is added if the plural does not end in –s (i.e. is an irregular plural – e.g. children’s). e.g. girls’, boys’, babies’ children’s, men’s, mice’s Homophones and near homophones accept/except, affect/effect, ball/bawl, berry/bury, brake/break, fair/fare, grate/great, groan/grown, here/hear, heel/heal/he’ll, knot/not, mail/male, main/mane, meat/meet, medal/meddle, missed/mist, peace/piece, plain/plane, rain/rein/reign, scene/seen, weather/whether, whose/who’s