Download Physical Geography of Europe

CH. 1 Europe and Russia: Physical Geography
Section 1 Land and Water p.10-16
Europe and Russia are part of the world’s largest landmass called __________________.
The country of Russia stretches over both continents. About one fourth of Russia is in
Europe; the rest is in Asia. The _________________ _________________ form the
boundary between Europe and Asia.
Most of Europe has a higher _________________ ___________________ than the rest
of the world.
DEF: ____________________________________________________________
•
Western Europe has a population density of about 270 people per square mile.
•
Russia has a population density of __________ people per square mile.
The continent of Europe forms a ____________________ that juts out into the Atlantic
Ocean.
DEF: _______________________________________________________
Many smaller peninsulas form seas and bays. These sheltered bodies of water
created safe harbors and allowed Europeans to explore and to trade. They became the
world’s leaders in the _________________________ industry.
__________________ Peninsula
countries of Norway and Sweden
__________________ Peninsula
country of Denmark
__________________ Peninsula
countries of Spain and Portugal
__________________ Peninsula
country of Italy
__________________ Peninsula
country of Greece
contains many mountain ranges
crossroads for Europe, Asia and Africa
__________________ Mountains
border between Spain and France
blocks ocean breezes making Southern Europe drier
______________Mountain System stretch from France to the Balkans (the _________ )
__________________ Mountains
divide the European and Asian continents
North European Plain
covers more than half of Europe
stretches from France to Russia
most productive farmland and largest cities
________________ River
a large ______________________ river
DEF:_____________________________________
begins in the Alps of Switzerland, flows through
Central Europe and empties into the North Sea
________________ River
longest in Western Europe (1800 miles)
begins in the Black Forest of Germany, flows
through Eastern Europe and empties into the Black
Sea
________________ River
longest river in Russia (2200 miles)
flows south to the Caspian Sea
canals connect it to the Black and the Baltic Seas
__________________
region of eastern Russia
marshes and wetlands frozen 8 mos. a year
_____________ __________
east of Caspian Sea
large, dry lowlands with high mountains to the
south
Section 2 Climate and Vegetation p.17-23
Western Europe’s climate is mild because of the ________________________________.
DEF: ____________________________________________________________
•
•
•
The ocean breezes cool the land in summer and warm the land in winter making
Western Europe’s temperatures much milder than we would expect at that
latitude.
The northern part will still have cold, snowy winters with cool summers
The southern part will have mostly hot summers with mild winters.
The _____________________________ affect the amount of rainfall in Europe.
•
•
Ocean breezes bring plenty of moisture to the coastal areas.
The Alps and Pyrenees prevent Atlantic breezes from reaching areas east and
south of the mountains. These areas have much lighter rainfall due to the
___________________________________.
DEF: _______________________________________________________
Eastern Europe and the western part of Russia are in the __________________ climate
zone.
•
•
•
Seasons range from warm to hot summers with mild to cold winters
Temperature changes are based on the latitude.
This area is too far from the coast to be affected by the Gulf Stream.
Siberia is a huge ______________________ climate region.
•
•
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short, cool summers & long cold winters
very few people
an Arctic climate with tundra to the north
The natural vegetation of much of Europe is _______________________.
•
______________________ forests are found across northern Europe and Asia
including the largest in the world called the ____________________.
•
_______________________ forests cover most of Western and Central Europe.
•
Many forests have been cleared to make way for farms, factories and cities.
•
Others, such as the __________________ Forest of Germany, are threatened
today by logging and acid rain.
___________________________ are a major vegetation region in Europe and Russia.
•
They once covered the North European Plain and were used for farming.
•
In Russia, the grasslands are called the __________________.
•
Today, much of this land has been populated and the prairie is disappearing.
The northern parts of Europe and Russia are _______________________.
DEF:____________________________________________________________
•
Few people live in these northern regions because the winters can last nine
months and the ground contains _______________________________.
DEF: ____________________________________________________________
Section 3 Resources and Land Use p.26-32
Western Europe is a wealthy region and a world leader in economic development because
of their rich and varied supply of natural resources.
Fertile Soil
•
Ample rich soil available for farming (about 25% arable)
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Wind has deposited _________________________ to enrich the soil.
DEF: ______________________________________________________
•
Plentiful _______________ and a ____________________ climate make for a
long growing season.
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Farmers are able to produce abundant crops.
Abundant Water
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Valuable resource needed for people, animals and crops.
•
Navigable rivers connect the ____________________ countries to the sea.
DEF: ________________________________________________
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Rivers also used to generate ___________________ ___________________ .
DEF: ___________________________________________________
Fuel Deposits
•
Deposits of oil and natural gas found in the North Sea.
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Coal deposits in the U.K. and Germany’s Ruhr Valley.
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Resources allowed Europe to become leading industrial area.
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Fossil fuels DEF: _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Eastern Europe has resources similar to Western Europe.
Fertile Soil
•
Rich, arable land throughout the North European Plain.
•
The ___________________ of Ukraine make farming an important industry.
Water
•
Eastern Europe has fewer water resources than Western Europe.
•
The Balkan Peninsula produces hydroelectric power.
Fuel
•
Coal deposits are found in Poland, Czech Republic, and Ukraine.
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Oil and natural gas found in Ukraine and Romania.
Russia has a huge supply of natural resources, but is still having difficulty turning those
resources into wealth.
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has less than 20% of arable land.
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a harsh climate and a short growing season add to the difficulties
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few navigable rivers
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the world’s largest forest reserves, natural gas reserves, and iron ore
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one of the world’s top oil producers
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one-third of the world’s coal reserves
•
most of the resources are in ___________________ making the extraction and
transportation of these resources a challenge