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Biology Populations Chapter 5 Review name KEY 1) Define population: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2) Give an example of a population (note: Be sure to be species specific. “Birds” are not all members of the same species.) All of the monarch butterflies in the state of Arizona 3) What factors play a role in population growth rate? Births, deaths, immigration and emigration 4) What are the 3 characteristics of a population? Geographic distribution, density and growth rate 5) Define Geographical distribution. ____________________________________________________________________________ 6) Define population density. ____________________________________________________________________________ 7) Define immigration __________________________________________________________________ 8) Define emigration __________________________________________________________________ 9) If birthrate decreases and deathrate increases, would the population increase, decrease or stay the same? Population would decrease since less people are being born than dieing. 10) If birth rate increases and death rate increases, would the population increase or decrease or stay the same? Population would stay the same, since birth and deaths would both be high. 11) Assuming immigration and emigration are equal, if a population increases, what could be happening with the birthrate and the deathrate (two different things)? If a population increases, this means births would be higher than deaths, so the population could either have A) an increase of birthrate over deathrate, or B) a decrease of deathrate to below birth rate. 12) Assuming immigration and emigration are equal, if a population decreases what could be happening with the birthrate and the death rate(two different things)? If a population decreases, this means births would be lower than deaths, so the population could either have A) a decrease of birthrate to below the deathrate, or B) an increase of deathrate to above birth rate. 13) Using immigration and emigration explain how population can increase. A population can increase by an increase in immigration, over emigration. 14) Using immigration and emigration explain how population can decrease. A population can decrease by an increase in emigration over immigration. 15) Draw a graph showing exponential growth and label the graph’s axes (with words). 16) Draw a graph showing logistic growth and label the x-axis, y-axis and show the carrying capacity and label it. 17) What sorts of conditions would lead to a population having exponential growth? A population can have exponential growth if it has no limit to its resources and no competition or predation. Usually this would happen at the beginning of a population arriving in a new location with abundant resources, or in which the local community has no adaptations to compete with this population. It could also be a population experiencing regrowth after some sort of disturbance affected the ecosystem. 18) Give an example of a population experiencing exponential growth. Bacteria newly infecting a body would have exponential growth until the body’s immune systems would begin to battle with it. Another example would be a forest regrowth after deforestation. 19) Which graph, logistic or exponential explains most populations? Explain. Most populations experience logistic growth after an initial period of exponential growth, as there are almost always limiting factors that come into play. 20) Define carrying capacity _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 21) How does carrying capacity affect a population? Carrying capacity limits the population’s growth from exponential to logistical. 22) Define limiting factors. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 23) Define density dependent limiting factors. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 24) Define density independent limiting factors ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 25) Are density dependent limiting factors generally biotic or abiotic? biotic 26) Are density INdependent limiting factors generally biotic or abiotic? abiotic 27) List 2 density dependent limiting factors competition for resources, predation 28) List 2 density independent limiting factors. flood, drought, temperature increase or decrease 29) Explain the relationship between predator and prey and how they affect each other’s populations. Predators eat prey, making the prey numbers decrease. This in turn creates a food shortage for predators, whose numbers then decrease. This allows prey populations to rebound, and the cycle continues. 30) What is the limiting factor for the rabbits? Predation by lynxes 31) What is the limiting factor for the lynxes? Number of rabbits available for prey 32) In the above graph, are the limiting factors for the rabbits and lynxes density dependent or density independent? Explain. The limiting factors are density dependent because they depend on the population density of both the rabbits and the lynxes. Graph 1: Rabbits Over Time 33) a. The graph shows a logistic growth curve. b. The carrying capacity for rabbits is approximately 63 c. During which month were the rabbits in exponential growth? May and the early part of june Graph 3: Mexico and US 34) In Mexico, what percentage of the population is between 0-4 years of age? Approx 16% In the US? Approx. 7% b. Which population is growing the fastest? Mexico’s (high birthrate) c. Which age group has the smallest number in both countries? 80+