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Grade 9 Academic Geography – Strand 3 Lesson 13 Climate Factors Factors Affecting Canada’s Climate Task Using the word list, fill in the blanks CANNOT COOLS DRY EQUATOR EVAPORATION INTENSE MODERATING PREVAILING WIND PROXIMITY TILT WARMS WINDWARD There are four main factors that determine Canada’s climate: (1) mountain ranges and altitude, (2) ocean currents, (3) wind direction and ___________________ to large bodies of water, and (4) latitude (i.e., distance north or south from the Equator Mountains – Altitude Higher you climb, colder it becomes (i.e., colder air temperature Impacts precipitation – Air rises to get over the mountain. The air cools, condenses and falls back to earth as rain or snow on the ________________________ side of the mountain. More rain and snow fall on the windward side of the mountain (…the side facing the oncoming winds). On the windward side, the air rises and cools as it travels up the side of the mountain. As the air cools, it condenses and moisture falls back to earth as rain or snow. On the leeward side, the air is ____________. As a result, there is little precipitation on the leeward side. The leeward side or “rain shadow” is drier. On the leeward side it is dry. Ocean Currents A warm ocean current (1) brings moisture and (2) ________________ the nearby land (e.g., Pacific Ocean off BC). Cool ocean currents (1) _________________ hold as much moisture and (2) cool the nearby land (e.g., Atlantic Ocean off Labrador). Wind Direction and Proximity to Large Bodies of Water Air over water collects moisture. This is called ________________________. Over land, the air rises, _______________, and the moisture falls back to earth as rain or snow. Water warms and cools slower than nearby land. In the summer, water is cooler than the land and the air temperature over the water is also cooler. The cool air cools the nearby land. The water has a _____________________ effect on land temperature. Canada’s _____________________ is from the west. Latitude The further north from the ___________________, the colder it becomes. In the north, the sun’s rays strike a very large area of the earth’s surface. The rays are not very _________________________, and thus, the land is not warmed as much as at the equator. This is due, in part, to the curvature of the Earth compounded by the ____________ of the Earth.