Download Study Guide due__Friday, 1/27

NAME: ___________________
asteroid
chromosphere
comet
corona
ellipse
Galilean moons
Astronomy Study Guide 2017
VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW
geocentric system
meteor
gravity
meteorite
greenhouse effect
meteoroid
heliocentric system
nuclear fusion
inertia
outer planets
inner planets
photosphere
prominence
retrograde rotation
revolution
rotation
solar system
sun spot
History of astronomy:
•
Essay/short answer about Galileo and his evidence (Jupiter’s moons and Venus phases) of the heliocentric theory.
Gravity and Inertia:
•
Essay/short answer about what keeps a planet in orbit around the sun. (inertia and gravity)
The SUN:
•
•
Know the characteristics of the layers and features on the sun
Be able to label the layers and features of the sun
The PLANETS:
•
•
•
•
Know the characteristics of the Inner and Outer Planets
Know the characteristics/main difference of each planet
List the planets in order from the sun
Make a flashcard for each planet. Write the major moon(s), inner/outer, solid/gas, atmosphere, and any characteristic specific to
that planet…basically, use your foldable notes!
COMETS, ASTEROIDS, AND METEORS:
•
•
•
Describe and compare comets, asteroids and meteoroids
Be able to label the parts of a comet
Be able to locate the asteroid belt
ASTRONOMY EXAM IS _____Tuesday, 1/31
Review sessions are
Mon. 1/30
3:30-4:15 Etzel 125
3:30-4:15 Simpson 221
Tue. 1/31
7:45-8:20 Pickett 220
Flashcards are due _____Tuesday, 1/31____
Study Guide due __Friday, 1/27
Describing the Solar System
Building Vocabulary Fill in each blank to complete each statement.
Word Bank: ellipse
geocentric
gravity
heliocentric
inertia
1. The sun-centered system of planets developed by Copernicus is an example of a(n) _______________ system.
2. An object’s _______________ tends to keep a moving object continuing in a straight line and a stationary object in place.
3. An Earth-centered system of planets is known as a(n) _______________ system.
4. The shape of the orbit of each planet is a/an ______________.
5. ___________________ is a force that attracts all objects towards one another and keeps the planets floating.
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions.
Ancient Greek Model (geocentric)
Ptolemy's Geocentric Model
Copernicus' Heliocentric Model
5. What is the main difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of planetary motion?
6. How did Galileo’s observations of Jupiter and Venus support Copernicus’ model? (What did Jupiter’s moons
prove? What did Venus’s phases show?)
7. How do gravity and inertia keep the planets in orbit around the sun?
Characteristics of the Sun
Understanding Main Ideas Label the diagram of the sun below using the following words.
chromosphere
core
corona
photosphere
prominence
sunspot
outer layer
surface layer
middle layer
Building Vocabulary Match each term with its description by writing the letter of the correct description on the
line beside the term.
______ 7. solar flare
a. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that makes light
______ 8. core
b. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that has a reddish glow
______ 9. chromosphere
c. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that looks like a halo during an eclipse
______ 10. sunspot
d. areas of gas on the sun that are cooler than the gases around them
______ 11. corona
e. reddish loops of gas that link parts of sunspot regions
______ 12. nuclear fusion
f. explosions that occur when the loops in sunspot regions connect
______ 13. photosphere
g. the center of the sun where nuclear fusion takes place
______ 14. prominence
h. the joining of hydrogen atoms to form helium and power the sun
\
Characteristics of the Inner Planets
Understanding Main Ideas Label the diagram with the names of the inner planets.
1.
Write the name(s) of the
INNER planet or planets the statement describes.
_________________ 5. has a rocky surface
_________________ 6. 70 percent is covered with water
_________________ 7. rotates in the opposite direction from most other planets and moons
_________________ 8. called the “red planet” because of the color of the dust
_________________ 9. has at least one moon
________________ 10. similar to each other in size, density, and internal structure
________________ 11. has almost no atmosphere
________________ 12. atmosphere traps the heat making it the hottest planet.
________________ 13. has a tilted axis so that the planet has seasons
________________ 14. major moons are Phobos and Deimos
Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of the following terms.
15. terrestrial/rocky planets _________________________________________________________________
16. retrograde rotation _____________________________________________________________________
17. greenhouse effect ______________________________________________________________________
Characteristics of the Outer Planets
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
1. Label the four outer planets.
___________
___________
___________
___________
2. Why doesn’t the gas on a gas giant escape into space, as it has on Mercury?
3. What other object in the solar system has a composition similar to that of the gas giants?
4. What planet is by far the most massive of all the planets that revolve around the sun?
5. What are Saturn’s rings made of?
6. Which planet rotates on its side and why?
7. What is the great red spot and what planet is it on?
8. Name the two outer planets that are blue and tell what makes them blue.
9. Name the four major moons of Jupiter. __________________________________________________________
10. Name the major moon of Saturn. ___________________________________
11. Name the major moon of Uranus. ________________________________
12. Name the major moon of Neptune. ________________________________
Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors
Building Vocabulary From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence.
asteroid
meteor
asteroid belt
meteoroid
comet
meteorite
1. When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, friction causes it to burn up and produce a streak of light called
a(n) _______________ .
2. A chunk of ice and dust whose orbit is usually a long narrow ellipse is a(n) _______________.
3. If a meteoroid hits Earth’s surface, it is called a(n) _______________ .
4. An object that revolves around the sun, but is too small to be considered a planet, is a(n) _______________ .
5. A chunk of rock or dust in space that usually comes from a comet or an asteroid is called a(n)
_______________ .
6. The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is known as the _______________.
7. Draw a comet and label these parts of a comet: nucleus, coma, tail.
8. Which way does a comet’s tail always point (away or towards the sun)? WHY?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
9. Draw and label the meteor, meteoroid and meteorite below.
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Spin Cycles
Planets in our solar system are constantly moving. Each planet spins like a globe. One complete spin
is a rotation. Every planet also makes an orbit, or circle, around the sun. The table below tells how
long these movements take. Look over it carefully.
Note: Measurements are in Earth hours, days, and years.
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Rotation Time
59 Days
243 Days
24 Hours
25 Hours
10 Hours
11 Hours
17 Hours
16 Hours
6 Days
Orbit Time
88 Days
225 Days
365 Days
687 Days
12 Years
29 Years
84 Years
165 Years
248 Years
Step 2: Use the table to decide whether each statement below is true or false.
1.
_________ Pluto’s rotation takes less time than any other.
2.
_________ Venus is the only planet whose rotation takes longer than its orbit.
3.
_________ Mars and Earth take roughly the same time to complete a rotation.
4.
_________ Mars and Earth take roughly the same time to complete an orbit.
5.
_________ Saturn’s orbit takes three times longer than Jupiter’s.
6.
_________ Jupiter can do 20 orbits in less time than Pluto needs for just one.
7.
_________ Pluto’s orbit takes longer than all of the other orbits combined.
8.
_________ Venus’s rotation takes longer than all the other rotations combined.
9.
_________ Four planets do a rotation in less than a single Earth day.
10. _________ Mercury completes three rotations during each orbit.