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H. H. BATES 1!: F. ADAM. ELEU‘I'RULYTIG PROUESS. APPLIUATIOK mum JUNE 12, 1911. 1,023,545. - Patented Apr. 16, 1912. 6-9 UNITED STATES Y PiiITENT OFFICE. HARRY H. BATES AND roman ADAM, or JoLtE'r, rumors‘. ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS. Speci?cation of Letters Patent. 1 023,545. Application ?led June 12, 1911. ‘To all whom‘ it may concern.‘ Be it known that..we, H'ARRY H. BATES and Fonoun ADAM, citizens of the United States, . residingyat Joliet, in the county of 7Will and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Electrolytic Process, of which the following is a specification. Patented Apr. 16, 1912. Serial No. 632,657. amount of heating within the cell may be determined to a certain extent by adjust ing the, voltage or the quantity of the cur rent. _ Now it is a general proposition that a 60 certain minimum voltage must be main tained within the cell in order to insure conversion of the chlorids into the chlorates; 'This invention relates to a new and useful and any voltage less than this amount will process for electrolytically treating certain not insure such' conversion. On the other hand, the amount of heating of the liquor chemicals, and particularly to such a process 65 as carried on continuously so that the mother fvhich results from this amount of voltage liquor ?ows continuously through a circuit is, as a general rule, comparatively small or through a portion of a circuit, so that the and not suf?cient to raise the temperature ,1 mother liquor can be used over and over 15 again. of the liquor to that minimum temperature which it should have in order to insure sat 70 The invention relates particularly to the isfactory operation. Therefore, if the com production of chlorates from the chlorids of paratively cool liquor is to be heated by ' means of the current within the cell, to the In carrying on the process to which our proper point,-then the quantity and voltage invention relates, an electrolytic cell of any desired form is used for bringing about cer tain reactions in the chemicals. Thus, in the of the current must be in excess of that which is necessary ‘to carry on the electro particular process to which our invention re‘ lates the electrolytic cell serves to convert and voltage of current results in a dead loss alkaline or alkaline earth metals. 20 25 the chlorids into the chlorates. It has been found by past experience that such a con verting process may be carried on continu ously by introducing new liquor into one lytic conversion, and such excess quantity of electric energy. On the other hand, in carrying on the electrolytic process to which our invention relates, we make use of the heat which would otherwise be wasted in the liquor as it leaves the electrolytic cell, portion of the electrolytic cell and with because such liquor must be cooled and give drawing the treated liquor from another oil" aiccrtain amount of heat before the portion of the cell, provided the proper con proper precipitation of the chlorates will 35 40 ditions are maintained Within the cell and take place. within the several portions of the necessary heat, which isv carried away from the elec Therefore, We use this excess trolytic cell, for the purpose at preheating rent, voltage> etc. Thus, for example, if the the liquor before it enters the cell, and thus temperature of the liquor within the cell is we are enabled to provide a process where 90 too low, the electrolytic conversion will not in the liquor enters the cell at a tempera take place, or, if at all, it will not result in lure such that no excess quantity or voltage the production of the proper and desired of the electric. current within the cell is products. In other words, temperature necessary to raise the. liquor therein to the within the cell is an important condition proper tenqieraturc and maintain it at such 95 temperature. 'I‘herefore, our process is one in which the temperature of the liquor with in the cell is not determined by the current the Qlt‘t‘ll‘UlVlll' cell. it must generally be therein. but, on the other hand, is deter— cooled, in ordrr to insure precipitation of mined by the eutcrinpr temperature or the the proper crystals. 'l‘hcrctore. it is a gen amount of preheating. Also, it is a process eral proposition that where a continuous in which a large saving of electrical energy circuit of liquor flow is lunintauu-d the is made. and therefore :1 process which can liquor must be heated again lu'l'ore it rulers he rarried on much cheaper than any other the cell, or else means must he provided for heating it to thc necessary point within the cell. The electric. (‘llll‘i‘lll llon‘ing through the cell heats the liquor therein to an ex 55 85 apparatus as to temperature, density of cur and must. be maintained at the proper point. if satisfactory results are to be secured. After the treated liquor passes away from 45 80 with which we are familiar. At the same time that \u- Hllllit‘ use of the heat which is carried u\\':i_\' from the cell by the electro lyte, we are enabled to regulate the amount 110 tent dependingr largely upon the voltage (if preheating which will take place ‘by or quantity of the current, so that 105 the 1 regulatingr the time during which the in 2 1,023,540 coming liquor will be exposed to the heat be accurately determined by. merely raising of the outgoing liquor. y this means we are enabled to perfectly adjust the tem . perature of the incoming liquor and there fore to insure the most perfect operation of the conversion process. A further advantage which accrues from our process is this: that where the liquor must be heated solely by the current within 10 the cell such current must be of excess quan 15 20 or lowering the spout the necessaryeamo'un’t. Obviously, the higher the spout is raised the higher the out?owin liquor will- stand, as it surrounds the coil 8g,and therefore ‘the 70 incoming liquor within the coil 8 will be re heated to a greater or less extent, depen 'ng .upon whether the spout be raised or lowered. By this means we are enabled to accurately adJust the amount of preheatin , such pre 75 tity and voltage, as has been heretofore heating, nevertheless, always icing occa pointed out. Now this excess quantity and sioned by the excess heat of the out?owing ‘I voltage of current tends to deteriorate the liquor. quality of the resulting product, so that the Sometimes the liquor as it ?ows out product is not so pertect as is the product through the spout will have been su?iciently 80 resulting from our process, in which no cooled by the liquor within the coil 8 so excess quantity or voltage of current is re that it will be practically ready to precipi quired. tate its crystals. When this is the case, the ' . In the drawing we have shown, in outline out?owing liquor which leaves the spout 12 a simple form of mechanism for carrying may be passed immediately to a precipitab‘ 85 on our improved process. It will be under ing receptacle. On the other hand, at times stood that this drawing illustrates only one the liquor may not be quite cool enough to of a large number of possible arrangements, precipitate its crystals in a satisfactory 25 any one of which would still incorporate the manner. In such a case, a still furthercoo‘l gist of our invention. ing should be e?ected, and for this reason In the drawing, the electrolytic cell is we provide a cooling or condensing recap? designated by the numeral 1. lVe are not lacle 13 into which the treated liquor may here concerned with its exact construction 30 ?ow through a pipe 14. A funnel 15 on the and characteristics, beyond the fact that it pipe ll receives the liquor directly from the should be an electrolytic cell designed and spout. A cooling coil 16 is contained with intended for the so-called continuous opera tion. The electric wires for the cell are desig nated by‘ the numerals 2 and 3. The liquor passed any suitable cooling medium, such as cold water. A pipe 17 carries the cooled and condensed liquor from which the crys tals have been removed, in the receptacle 18, nel-shaped opening 4 and leaves the bottom up to the tank 6, any suitable form of pump of the cell through a pipe 5. A resaturating 18 serving to elfect a continuous movement enters at the top of the cell through a un tank 6 is provided in which new chlorids are added to the mother liquor so that the 40 be provided in the pipes 7 and 10 respec when it again reaches the cell. From the tank the liquor flows down through a pipe liquor. 7 and , asses through a coil 8, which is sub process is one intended for the treatment of 10V 7 While we have stated that in general our chlorids for the production of chlorates heating receptacle 9. From the coil the therefrom, still we do not limit our recess liquor passes up through a pipe 1_0 and to the treatment of such chemicals, or it is ?nally discharges through the opening 11 evident that there may be large numbers of thereof into the funnel 4. 100 or flow of the liquor. Valves 19 and 20’ may mother liquor will be properly saturated ti rely, for starting and stopping the ?ow of merged) within liquor contained in a pre 45 95 in the receptacle 13 and .throu h it may be 110 As the trea‘ed chemicals which ma be thus treatedin the liquor passes out through the pipe 5, it manner herein set orth. We desire, how gains access to the preheating receptacle 9 ever, to particularly point out the fact that 115 and therefore surrounds the coil 8 through our process is one in which the temperature which the incoming liquor is passing. By of the liquor within the cell is determined, not by regulatin the quantity and voltage liquor serves to preheat the incoming liquor of such current )ut, on the other hand, by this means the excess heat of the outgoing and, as before stated, the excess or waste regulating the temperature at which the heat is thus economically used and at the same time permits us to‘operate the electro liquor enters the cell. Further, we desire to‘ excess quantity and voltage of current ilsel?and that therefore a certain conserva tion of the energy is effected, so that there 126 exists a certain total amount of heat energy within the cell and adjoining portions of the V 120 point out that. the heat which preheats-the lytic cell without the necessity of passing an liquor is derived from the out?owing liquor 60 through the same. 65 A spout 12 is attached to the preheating receptacle 9. This spout may be raised and lowered as indicated by dotted lines in the ?gure, so that the height at which the liquor stands within the preheating receptacle may - _ I circuit, this energy being restored to the cell continuously as rapidly as it is removed from the same. And for this reason there 1,023,545 The electrolytic process which consists will arise times when it is not at all neces in 3.passing a continuously ?owing stream of sar to use the condensing receptacle 13, liquor through )rehcater and then through which we have illustrated, however, for the an electrolytic acell, and conducting the out 50 purpose of showing that such a condensing ?owing liquor from the cell containing an receptacle may be used should that become excess of heat to the preheater and bringing necessary. into heating association with the inflow‘ Although in the construction shown and it ing liquor, whereby the temperature of the previously described herein the heat which is stream of inflowing liquor is raised to just used for preheating the liquor is derived that point desirable for entrance into the from the liquor as the same emer es from electrolytic cell, and whereby the stream of out?owing liquor is cooled to assist in‘pre selves to such an arrangement, as we con template within the scope of our invention cipitating its crystals, substantially as de 55 the electrolytic cell, still we do not'limit our scribed. ’ 4. The electrolytic process u'hich consists heated to the necessary extent before it en 1n passing a continuously ?owing stream of ters the cell, such an arrangement being liquor through a preheater and then into an used in conjunction with a system which electrolytic cell, and conducting the out?ow any arrangement in which the liquor is pre 15 makes use of a continuous'llow of the liquor. ing liquor into the preheater and adjusting We claim: time during which the outllowing liquor 1, The electrol tic process which consists the 20 is in heating association with the stream of in passing a owing stream ' of liquor inflowing liquor to such a point that the in ‘ through a preheater and then through an liquor is preheated the desired electrolytic cell, and conducting the emer ?owing substantially as described. ging stream of liquor containing heat into amount, 5. The electrolytic process which consists the preheater, the in?owing liquor being 25 under the heating in?uence of the out?ow in passing a continuously flowing stream of - ing liquor just that interval of time neces liquor through a pro-heater and then into electrolytic cell, and adjusting the tour sary to raise the temperature of the inflow an ot the inl'lowing liquor by regulat ing liquor to the pro er point for electro~ perature ing the amount of pro-heat,substantially as 30 60 65 70 75 lytic dissociation within the electrolytic cell, and the volta e within the cell being just described. ‘ (3. The electrolytic process which consists passing a continuously ?owing stream of within the same, substantially as descriaed. in liquor a pro-heater and then so 2. The electrolytic process which consists through through an electrolytic cell, and adjusting 35 in passing a stream of liquor through a pre the temperature of the liquor enters the heater and then through an electrolytic cell, cell by the amount of pro-heatastoit that point and conducting the emerging hot liquor necessary to give the desired electrolytic from the cell into the preheater to preheat action within the cell, substantially as de 35 the incoming liquor, the stream of incoming '40 liquor being under the heating'influence of scribed. HARRY H. BATES. the outflowing liquor just the necessary FOLGER ADAM. ' length of time, corresponding to the magni tude of said stream of in?owing liquor, to su?icicnt to e ect dissociation of the li uor heat said in?owin 45 liquor to the desired point for entrance into the electrolytic cell, substantially as described. Witnesses : WILLIAM O. MURPHY, B. H. BEACP