Download Electrolytic process.

H. H. BATES 1!: F. ADAM.
ELEU‘I'RULYTIG PROUESS.
APPLIUATIOK mum JUNE 12, 1911.
1,023,545.
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Patented Apr. 16, 1912.
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UNITED STATES Y PiiITENT OFFICE.
HARRY H. BATES AND roman ADAM, or JoLtE'r, rumors‘.
ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS.
Speci?cation of Letters Patent.
1 023,545.
Application ?led June 12, 1911.
‘To all whom‘ it may concern.‘
Be it known that..we, H'ARRY H. BATES and
Fonoun ADAM, citizens of the United States,
. residingyat Joliet, in the county of 7Will and
State of Illinois, have invented a certain
new and useful Electrolytic Process, of
which the following is a specification.
Patented Apr. 16, 1912.
Serial No. 632,657.
amount of heating within the cell may be
determined to a certain extent by adjust
ing the, voltage or the quantity of the cur
rent. _ Now it is a general proposition that a 60
certain minimum voltage must be main
tained within the cell in order to insure
conversion of the chlorids into the chlorates;
'This invention relates to a new and useful and any voltage less than this amount will
process for electrolytically treating certain not insure such' conversion. On the other
hand, the amount of heating of the liquor
chemicals, and particularly to such a process
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as carried on continuously so that the mother fvhich results from this amount of voltage
liquor ?ows continuously through a circuit is, as a general rule, comparatively small
or through a portion of a circuit, so that the
and not suf?cient to raise the temperature
,1 mother liquor can be used over and over
15 again.
of the liquor to that minimum temperature
which it should have in order to insure sat
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The invention relates particularly to the isfactory operation. Therefore, if the com
production of chlorates from the chlorids of paratively cool liquor is to be heated by
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means of the current within the cell, to the
In carrying on the process to which our
proper point,-then the quantity and voltage
invention relates, an electrolytic cell of any
desired form is used for bringing about cer
tain reactions in the chemicals. Thus, in the
of the current must be in excess of that
which is necessary ‘to carry on the electro
particular process to which our invention re‘
lates the electrolytic cell serves to convert
and voltage of current results in a dead loss
alkaline or alkaline earth metals.
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the chlorids into the chlorates. It has been
found by past experience that such a con
verting process may be carried on continu
ously by introducing new liquor into one
lytic conversion, and such excess quantity
of electric energy. On the other hand, in
carrying on the electrolytic process to which
our invention relates, we make use of the
heat which would otherwise be wasted in
the liquor as it leaves the electrolytic cell,
portion of the electrolytic cell and with because such liquor must be cooled and give
drawing the treated liquor from another oil" aiccrtain amount of heat before the
portion of the cell, provided the proper con proper precipitation of the chlorates will
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ditions are maintained Within the cell and
take place.
within the several portions of the necessary
heat, which isv carried away from the elec
Therefore, We use this excess
trolytic cell, for the purpose at preheating
rent, voltage> etc. Thus, for example, if the the liquor before it enters the cell, and thus
temperature of the liquor within the cell is we are enabled to provide a process where
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too low, the electrolytic conversion will not in the liquor enters the cell at a tempera
take place, or, if at all, it will not result in lure such that no excess quantity or voltage
the production of the proper and desired of the electric. current within the cell is
products. In other words, temperature necessary to raise the. liquor therein to the
within the cell is an important condition proper tenqieraturc and maintain it at such
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temperature.
'I‘herefore, our process is one
in which the temperature of the liquor with
in the cell is not determined by the current
the Qlt‘t‘ll‘UlVlll' cell. it must generally be therein. but, on the other hand, is deter—
cooled, in ordrr to insure precipitation of mined by the eutcrinpr temperature or the
the proper crystals. 'l‘hcrctore. it is a gen amount of preheating. Also, it is a process
eral proposition that where a continuous in which a large saving of electrical energy
circuit of liquor flow is lunintauu-d the is made. and therefore :1 process which can
liquor must be heated again lu'l'ore it rulers he rarried on much cheaper than any other
the cell, or else means must he provided for
heating it to thc necessary point within the
cell. The electric. (‘llll‘i‘lll llon‘ing through
the cell heats the liquor therein to an ex
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apparatus as to temperature, density of cur
and must. be maintained at the proper point.
if satisfactory results are to be secured.
After the treated liquor passes away from
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with which we are familiar.
At the same
time that \u- Hllllit‘ use of the heat which is
carried u\\':i_\' from the cell by the electro
lyte, we are enabled to regulate the amount 110
tent dependingr largely upon the voltage (if preheating which will take place ‘by
or quantity of the current, so that
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the 1 regulatingr the time during which the in
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1,023,540
coming liquor will be exposed to the heat be accurately determined by. merely raising
of the outgoing liquor.
y this means we
are enabled to perfectly adjust the tem
. perature of the incoming liquor and there
fore to insure the most perfect operation of
the conversion process.
A further advantage which accrues from
our process is this: that where the liquor
must be heated solely by the current within
10 the cell such current must be of excess quan
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or lowering the spout the necessaryeamo'un’t.
Obviously, the higher the spout is raised
the higher the out?owin liquor will- stand,
as it surrounds the coil 8g,and therefore ‘the 70
incoming liquor within the coil 8 will be re
heated to a greater or less extent, depen 'ng
.upon whether the spout be raised or lowered.
By this means we are enabled to accurately
adJust the amount of preheatin , such pre 75
tity and voltage, as has been heretofore heating, nevertheless, always icing occa
pointed out. Now this excess quantity and sioned by the excess heat of the out?owing ‘I
voltage of current tends to deteriorate the liquor.
quality of the resulting product, so that the
Sometimes the liquor as it ?ows out
product is not so pertect as is the product through the spout will have been su?iciently 80
resulting from our process, in which no cooled by the liquor within the coil 8 so
excess quantity or voltage of current is re
that it will be practically ready to precipi
quired.
tate its crystals. When this is the case, the
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In the drawing we have shown, in outline out?owing liquor which leaves the spout 12
a simple form of mechanism for carrying may be passed immediately to a precipitab‘ 85
on our improved process.
It will be under
ing receptacle. On the other hand, at times
stood that this drawing illustrates only one the liquor may not be quite cool enough to
of a large number of possible arrangements, precipitate its crystals in a satisfactory
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any one of which would still incorporate the manner. In such a case, a still furthercoo‘l
gist of our invention.
ing should be e?ected, and for this reason
In the drawing, the electrolytic cell is we provide a cooling or condensing recap?
designated by the numeral 1. lVe are not lacle 13 into which the treated liquor may
here concerned with its exact construction
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?ow through a pipe 14.
A funnel 15 on the
and characteristics, beyond the fact that it pipe ll receives the liquor directly from the
should be an electrolytic cell designed and spout. A cooling coil 16 is contained with
intended for the so-called continuous opera
tion.
The electric wires for the cell are desig
nated by‘ the numerals 2 and 3. The liquor
passed any suitable cooling medium, such as
cold water. A pipe 17 carries the cooled
and condensed liquor from which the crys
tals have been removed, in the receptacle 18,
nel-shaped opening 4 and leaves the bottom up to the tank 6, any suitable form of pump
of the cell through a pipe 5. A resaturating 18 serving to elfect a continuous movement
enters at the top of the cell through a un
tank 6 is provided in which new chlorids
are added to the mother liquor so that the
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be provided in the pipes 7 and 10 respec
when it again reaches the cell. From the
tank the liquor flows down through a pipe
liquor.
7 and , asses through a coil 8, which is sub
process is one intended for the treatment of
10V
7
While we have stated that in general our
chlorids for the production of chlorates
heating receptacle 9. From the coil the therefrom, still we do not limit our recess
liquor passes up through a pipe 1_0 and to the treatment of such chemicals, or it is
?nally discharges through the opening 11 evident that there may be large numbers of
thereof into the funnel 4.
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or flow of the liquor. Valves 19 and 20’ may
mother liquor will be properly saturated ti rely, for starting and stopping the ?ow of
merged) within liquor contained in a pre
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in the receptacle 13 and .throu h it may be
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As the trea‘ed chemicals which ma be thus treatedin the
liquor passes out through the pipe 5, it manner herein set orth. We desire, how
gains access to the preheating receptacle 9 ever, to particularly point out the fact that 115
and therefore surrounds the coil 8 through our process is one in which the temperature
which the incoming liquor is passing. By of the liquor within the cell is determined,
not by regulatin the quantity and voltage
liquor serves to preheat the incoming liquor of such current )ut, on the other hand, by
this means the excess heat of the outgoing
and, as before stated, the excess or waste
regulating the temperature at which the
heat is thus economically used and at the
same time permits us to‘operate the electro
liquor enters the cell. Further, we desire to‘
excess quantity and voltage of current
ilsel?and that therefore a certain conserva
tion of the energy is effected, so that there 126
exists a certain total amount of heat energy
within the cell and adjoining portions of the V
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point out that. the heat which preheats-the
lytic cell without the necessity of passing an liquor is derived from the out?owing liquor
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through the same.
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A spout 12 is attached to the preheating
receptacle 9. This spout may be raised and
lowered as indicated by dotted lines in the
?gure, so that the height at which the liquor
stands within the preheating receptacle may
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circuit, this energy being restored to the
cell continuously as rapidly as it is removed
from the same.
And for this reason there
1,023,545
The electrolytic process which consists
will arise times when it is not at all neces in 3.passing
a continuously ?owing stream of
sar to use the condensing receptacle 13,
liquor
through
)rehcater and then through
which we have illustrated, however, for the an electrolytic acell,
and conducting the out 50
purpose of showing that such a condensing ?owing liquor from the cell containing an
receptacle may be used should that become excess of heat to the preheater and bringing
necessary.
into heating association with the inflow‘
Although in the construction shown and it
ing
liquor, whereby the temperature of the
previously described herein the heat which is stream
of inflowing liquor is raised to just
used for preheating the liquor is derived that point
desirable for entrance into the
from the liquor as the same emer es from
electrolytic cell, and whereby the stream of
out?owing liquor is cooled to assist in‘pre
selves to such an arrangement, as we con
template within the scope of our invention cipitating its crystals, substantially as de
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the electrolytic cell, still we do not'limit our
scribed.
’ 4. The electrolytic process u'hich consists
heated to the necessary extent before it en 1n
passing a continuously ?owing stream of
ters the cell, such an arrangement being liquor
through a preheater and then into an
used in conjunction with a system which electrolytic
cell, and conducting the out?ow
any arrangement in which the liquor is pre
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makes use of a continuous'llow of the liquor.
ing liquor into the preheater and adjusting
We claim:
time during which the outllowing liquor
1, The electrol tic process which consists the
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is in heating association with the stream of
in passing a owing stream ' of liquor inflowing
liquor to such a point that the in
‘ through a preheater and then through an
liquor is preheated the desired
electrolytic cell, and conducting the emer ?owing
substantially as described.
ging stream of liquor containing heat into amount,
5. The electrolytic process which consists
the
preheater,
the
in?owing
liquor
being
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under the heating in?uence of the out?ow in passing a continuously flowing stream of
- ing liquor just that interval of time neces liquor through a pro-heater and then into
electrolytic cell, and adjusting the tour
sary to raise the temperature of the inflow an
ot the inl'lowing liquor by regulat
ing liquor to the pro er point for electro~ perature
ing the amount of pro-heat,substantially as
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lytic dissociation within the electrolytic cell,
and the volta e within the cell being just
described.
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(3. The electrolytic process which consists
passing a continuously ?owing stream of
within the same, substantially as descriaed. in
liquor
a pro-heater and then so
2. The electrolytic process which consists through through
an
electrolytic
cell, and adjusting
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the
temperature
of
the
liquor
enters the
heater and then through an electrolytic cell, cell by the amount of pro-heatastoit that
point
and conducting the emerging hot liquor necessary to give the desired electrolytic
from the cell into the preheater to preheat action within the cell, substantially as de 35
the incoming liquor, the stream of incoming
'40 liquor being under the heating'influence of scribed.
HARRY H. BATES.
the outflowing liquor just the necessary
FOLGER ADAM.
' length of time, corresponding to the magni
tude of said stream of in?owing liquor, to
su?icicnt to e ect dissociation of the li uor
heat said in?owin
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liquor to the desired
point for entrance into the electrolytic cell,
substantially as described.
Witnesses :
WILLIAM O. MURPHY,
B. H. BEACP