Download World War II Powerpoint

World War II
1939 - 1945
The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI)
is a basic measure of a country's overall economic output. It is the market
value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country
in a year. It is often positively correlated with the standard of living
The Great Depression Hits America
•
•
•
•
•
Long Term Causes
Huge war debts
American loans to Europe
Widespread use of credit
Overproduction of goods
Industrial wages rise as
farm earnings fall
•
•
•
•
•
Immediate Causes
New York Stock market
crash
Farmers unable to repay
loans
Banks demand
repayment of loans
American Loans to other
countries dry up
Without capital,
Businesses and factories
fail
Worldwide Economic Depression
•
•
•
•
Immediate Effects
Vast unemployment
and misery
Protective tariffs
imposed
Loss of faith in
capitalism and
democracy
Authoritarian leaders
emerge
•
•
•
•
Long Term Effects
Rise of fascism and
Nazism
Governments
experiment with social
programs
People blame
scapegoats
World War II begins
Dictators rise to
power and the world
avoids conflict due to
Great Depression…
Why would an entire
group of people
allow someone so
evil to take over a
government?
Benito
Mussolini –
Italy
Fascism – extreme
nationalism and a
strong centralized
government led by a
dictator
He hated the Treaty of Versailles because he
thought Italy should have gotten more land.
Blackshirts – gangs of fascist thugs loyal to
Mussolini bring Italy under his control
Signed an alliance with Hitler in 1936 –
“axis” between Rome and Berlin
Goal – create a new Roman Empire
Result – Invaded and conquered Ethiopia
and Albania
General
Hideki Tojo
– Japan
Militarism – extreme
nationalism, values
military virtues and
ideals and takes an
aggressive military
approach to
expanding its power
Japan needs living space and natural resources for
the growing population.
Result – Conquers Manchuria (northern China)
As WWII
starts,
Japan
conquers
European
colonies in
the Pacific.
The Japanese said
they were liberating
the Asians from the
Europeans, but
really wanted the
natural resources.
Joseph Stalin
– Soviet Union
Communism – one
party rule and the
elimination of
private property,
does not tolerate
opposition
Economic Plans
for Soviet Union
– gov’t take
control of
agriculture and
business
Result – food
shortage and
starvation
Reign of Terror
Purges – purified the Communist party
Millions are put on trial for being “enemies”.
They are executed or sent to Gulags in Siberia.
10 to 50 million died from 1930 – 1950
Stalin’s Gulags – Work Camps
Adolf Hitler
– Germany
Nazism –
extreme
nationalism,
control of all
industry by the
state,
superiority of
the Aryan race
and leadership
by a dictator
He hated the Treaty of
Versailles because he
felt it humiliated
Germany
The Great Depression
hits Germany, and
Hitler comes to power
Mein Kampf (“My
Struggle”) – Hitler’s
autobiography
It mapped out his future
plans and the Nazi
philosophy:
Purifying the Aryan race,
expand military, expand
borders, and make
Germany great again.
Here is some Hitler Youth propaganda from a pamphlet
titled "Faith and Action" where it talks about race and
how "physical characteristics" are NOT important!
"Race means to be able to think in a certain way. He who has courage, loyalty and honor, the mark
of the German, has the race that should rule in Germany, even if he does not have the physical
characteristics of the "Nordic" race. The unity of the noble and a noble body is the goal to which we
strive. But we despise those whose noble body carries an ignoble soul. A variety of related
European races have merged in Germany. One trunk grew from these roots. Each race gave its
best strength. Each contributed to the German soul We Germans have a fighting spirit, a look to the
horizon, the "desire to do a thing for its own sake" of the Nordic race. Another racial soul gave us
our cozy old cities and our depth. Yet another racial soul gave us mastery of the magical realm of
music. Yet another gave us our ability to organize, and our silent obedience. We can not hold it
against anyone if he carries a variety of racial lines, for the German soul does as well, and created
out of it the immeasurable riches which it possesses above all other nations. The greatness of our
Reich grew out of this soul. But the Nordic race must dominate in Germany and shape the soul of
each German. It must win out in the breast of each individual. Today our ideal is not the artist or the
citizen, but the hero. Our highest treasure is the soul that we have been given. He who mixes his
blood with that of foreign inferior races ruins the blood and soul that have been given to him to pass
on in purity to his children. He makes his children impure and miserable, and commits the greatest
crime that he as a National Socialist can commit. But he who follows the laws of race fulfills the
great commandment that only like should be brought together with like, keeping apart those things
like fire and water which do not mix."
Under his leadership:
1. Germanys rearms
2. Unemployment drops and the economy
improves
3. Autobahn is built
Authoritarian Dictators Activity
• Divide the paper into 4 squares.
• List each of the rulers and their political
strategies in each of the 4 boxes.
• Include an illustration to remind you of
these leaders and their power.
ex) Flag or cartoon showing complete
authority…
3 colors
HITLER: ASSASSINATION PLOT.
Aggression, Appeasement & War
Italy, Germany & Japan form alliance – let each other attack countries
& take over new lands
GERMANY
ITALY
JAPAN
Hitler
Mussolini
Tojo
Germany and Hitler’s Goals
– Reunite all German speaking people,
become the greatest empire on earth
– More “living space” for the German people
Goose Steps to War
March 1936 – reoccupies the Rhineland
March 1938 – Takes Austria
Sept. 1938 - Demands Sudetenland, part of
Czechoslovakia
Britain and France appease him, do not want
Chamberlin Clip
another war
Appeasement – give in to keep peace
March 1939 – takes the rest of Czechoslovakia
Appeasement – give in to keep peace
Hitler’s Pact with Stalin,1939
Stalin and Hitler sign a ten year Nonaggression Pact
HITLER & STALIN CARTOON.
"The Two Boa Constrictors
(Hitler and Stalin)": "I don't
quite know how to help you
digest, my dear Adolf...but I
understand you very well".
They would not
invade each other
and would split up
Eastern Europe.
Secretly Hitler
planned on
invading the
Soviet Union after
he conquered the
west.
Sept 1, 1939 – Invades Poland
Britain and France promise to protect Poland
World War II begins when Germany invades
Poland
Sides of the War
Allied Powers
Great Britain
France
United States in 1941
Soviet Union in 1941
China
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Blitzkrieg – lightening warfare
– Combination of ground and air attacking at the same time
– Panzers (German tanks) and Luftwaffe (German Air force)
The Western Front
By June of 1940 France had fallen to Germany.
Germany had trapped the French and British troops at
Dunkirk. This could have been the end of WWII.
Miracle at Dunkirk
– British citizens
rescued the
soldiers across the
channel with
whatever could
float and hold men.
Boat used in the miracle at Dunkirk
The Battle of Britain, 1944 – AKA The Blitz
German Luftwaffe bomb Great Britain and
destroy Britain’s air defenses.
Eventually Hitler stopped the attack on Great
Britain (when he realized he was not winning) and
set his eyes on the Soviet Union.
WWII: LONDON BLITZ, 1944.
The guard chapel of the Wellington Barracks, London, after a
V-2 attack, 1944.
…even with all of this destruction, the British – led by Winston
Churchill – refuse to quit
Americans wanted to stay isolated when
WWII started.
Congress passed
Neutrality Acts Banned the U.S.
from providing
weapons, loans,
and can only
trade nonmilitary
goods.
Lend Lease Act –
Authorized
America to give aid
to any country
whose defense
was vital to
America’s defense.
CARTOON: LEND-LEASE ACT.
The Way of a Stork: English
cartoon by L.G. Illingworth, 1941,
characterizing the birth of the
Lend-Lease Act as a 'happy
event' for Britain.
FDR was more concerned with the war in
Europe. He did not expect the Japanese to
attack
FDR placed trade restrictions on Japan hoping
that would stop their hostility. Japan depended
upon trade with America.
Japan wanted America out of the Pacific
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec 7, 1941
Why – They thought they could cripple the
American Pacific fleet and conquer Asia before
America could rebuild.
WWII:
PEARL
HARBOR,
1941.
Pearl
Harbor,
Hawaii,
December
7, 1941.
The USS
Arizona at
the height
of the fire.
USS Arizona
The USS Arizona is the final resting place for many of the ship's 1,177 crewmen
who lost their lives on December 7, 1941.
F.D. ROOSEVELT
CARTOON.
"The Sun is Rising":
cartoon, shortly after the
Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor.
FDR declares war on Japan on Dec 8, 1941.
FDR says that
December 7, 1941 is
“a day that will live in
infamy.”
Italy and
Germany
declared war on
the U.S. on
December 10,
1941.
Selective Training
and Service Act
A draft for males
ages 21 – 36.
Males were
selected by
lottery.
16 million Americans served as soldiers, sailors and
aviators.
Called themselves “GI’s” – government issue
Women served
as nurses,
clerks,
mechanics,
drivers, typists
in the military.
Navajo
Code
Talkers
They were young
Navajo men who
transmitted secret
communications
on the battlefields
of WWII.
http://www.navajocodetalkers.org
/
Tuskegee
Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were dedicated, determined young men who enlisted to
become America's first black military airmen, at a time when there were many
people who thought that black men lacked intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from every section of the country, with large numbers
coming from New York City, Washington, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a strong personal desire to serve the United States
of America at the best of his ability.
War Production – The government controlled
what was produced and what went toward
the war effort.
– Ex – Liberty Ships, Ford made B-24 Bomber
Convert peacetime industry into industry that
produced war goods.
Government
financed the
war through
war bonds,
loans and
higher taxes.
American
Propaganda
Poster against
the Japanese.
American
Propaganda
Poster against
the Japanese.
American
Propaganda
Poster against
the Germans.
As men were
drafted into the
armed forces,
women moved
into the
manufacturing
and defense
industries.
WWII: INDUSTRY.
Women on the assembly line.
WWII: WOMEN
WELDERS
at the Landers, Frary
and Clark Plant, New
Britain, Connecticut.
Photographed, 1943,
by Gordon Parks.
“Rosie the Riveter”
The government
used her in posters
and recruitment
films to the 1940’s
to attract women to
work.
WOMEN WORKERS
CARTOON.
Rosie the Riveter Steps
Out: American cartoon
comment, c1943, on the
rising number of women
employed in factories
during World War II.
After the war, women
were expected to
leave the work place
and give their jobs
back to the returning
servicemen.
Women
were still
paid less
than men.
Rationing – fair
distribution of
scarce items
Ration books were given to Americans, and
they could only buy a certain amount of ration
points each month. The books contained
Items were issued point values. As you bought items, you
handed over the stamps. Once you were out of stamps,
you could no longer buy those items for that month.
Victory Gardens
A home vegetable
garden planted to
add to the home
food supply and
replace food sent
to the soldiers.
A Black Market
was created
to buy rare
goods.
1.
2.
3.
4.
With a partner, find the average number of people who live in your households
combined. (your number + their number / 2)
Review the receipt, what is the total amount due?
Calculate 20% of the total amount.
Use the discount/sale book, plus your knowledge of the cost of items, and items
from the old receipt to create a menu to feed the number of people in step 1, for one
week (all meals). You must stay within the 20% range from step 3.
Answer the following questions:
1. What items are necessities?
2.
What could you do to cut costs if we were to go into a total war situation today?
3.
Is there anything that surprised you in this activity? Why or why not?
Battle of the Atlantic – The USA must trade and
send soldiers to Britain for the war effort.
German “wolf
pack” u-boats
try to destroy
American
Ships as they
cross the
Atlantic
Ocean.
WWII CARTOON:
GERMAN U-BOAT An
American Cartoon by
D.R Fitzpatrick, 1
November, 1941, on
the sinking of the
American destroyer
"Reuben James" by a
German submarine.
American Convoys crossed Atlantic. This was the
safest way to cross the Atlantic.
North Africa Campaign
American General Eisenhower defeats German
General Erwin Rommel, the “Desert Fox” in May
1943.
WW2: AFRICA, 1943.
American soldiers attached to a tank destroyer unit taking
cover from overhead artillery shells somewhere in Tunisia,
April 1943.
Invasion of Italy –
American
General George
Patton led the
invasion and
liberates Italy
in Sept 1943.
– Mussolini is
murdered by
the Italians
as he tried
to escape.
Mussolini and his
mistress are
Murdered by the
Italians.
Hitler breaks the pact with Stalin and invades
the Soviet Union for “living space” for the
German people.
WWII: STALINGRAD ATTACK.
German troops charging up a hill near
Stalingrad, October 1942.
Scorch the Earth Policy – The Soviets
burned the earth as they retreated.
WORLD WAR II: EASTERN FRONT.
German soldiers advancing through a Russian village set afire by
retreating Soviet troops, November 1941.
Germany advances to Stalingrad from 1941 – 1942.
Battle of Stalingrad
– Germany was not used to the Russian winter and many freeze to
death.
– Feb 1943 – Germany surrenders 22 divisions to the Soviet army.
GERMAN SURRENDER, 1943.
Surrender of the German "Wehrmacht" (armed forces) in the Northern
encircled area of Stalingrad. A column of prisoners of war at the bank of
the river Wolga, 02.02.1943.
• We love Patton because…
• We hate Patton because…
• 1-2 Examples
The Eastern Front
1941-1945
The
Battle of
the
Atlantic
1941-1945
The Western Front
1944-1945
The Invasion of Italy
1943-1944
The North African Campaign
1942-1943
Operation
Overlord – The
invasion of France
from Great Britain.
Goal – Liberate
France from the
Germans and
defeat the
Germans.
D-Day – June 6, 1944 – The largest landing by sea in history
at Normandy, France.
150,000 Bombers, airborne, Allied troops, and equipment land at
Normandy.
WWII: NORMANDY.
An American landing craft off the Normandy beaches on
D-Day, June 6, 1944.
WWII: D-DAY/NORMANDY.
American troops wading ashore in Normandy
on D-Day, June 6, 1944.
WWII: NORMANDY, 1944
An American landing craft on a Normandy beach, June
8, 1944.
WWII: NORMANDY: D-DAY.
American medics administer first aid to soldiers wounded
in the initial attack on a beachhead, in Northern France,
June 1944.
Liberating France from Germany – The Allies
pushed through and officially liberated France
on Aug 25, 1944.
WWII: WEST FRONT, 1945.
U.S. Infantrymen of the 90th Division pass concrete
dragon's teeth of the Siegfried Line of Habscheid,
Germany, as they move to the front in February 1945.
Battle of the Bulge – The largest battle in WWII,
and largest battle ever fought by the U.S. Army.
WWII: BATTLE OF THE BULGE.
Tanks and infantrymen of the 82nd Airborne
Division push through the snow in Belgium:
December 1944.
Soviets advance to Berlin – Stalin wanted to
make it there before the Allies.
– The Germans had killed millions of Russians and
he wanted revenge.
WWII: VOLKSTURM, 1945.
Two members of the
"Volkssturm" (Nazi combat
group), a boy and an older
man, with bazookas in a
trench. Picture taken by Hilmar
Pabel, April 1945.
Hitler commits suicide before being captured
as the Soviets surround Berlin.
WWII: BERLIN FALLEN,
1945.
Two Russian soldiers
hoisting the Soviet flag
on the destroyed
Reichstag building.
Picture taken May 1945
by J. Cheldej.
Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945.
VE Day – Victory in Europe
NEW YORK: V-E DAY, 1945.
Crowds fill Times Square, New York
City, on V-E Day, 7 May 1945.
Roosevelt, Stalin
and Churchill meet
to discuss the end
of the war.
WWII: YALTA
CONFERENCE.
Churchill, Roosevelt and
Stalin at Yalta Conference,
February 1945.
They decide to split Germany and Berlin into
four zones. Each zone would be controlled by
the major Allies.
Stalin promised
elections in
Eastern Europe
and enter war
against Japan.
The enemy of my enemy is my friend…
or is he
Discuss with a partner:
Think of a time when you or someone you
know became friends with someone just
because of a common enemy. How strong
was that relationship? Could it last?
What if….
Page 80
Think about the way the war in Europe ended, consider alternate endings.
Write 3-4 sentences per scenario.
What if-
1. Allied forces were defeated at Normandy?
2. Allied forces got to Hitler first?
3. Hitler had not committed suicide?
4. Hitler developed and used the atomic bomb first?
5. Stalin did not cooperate at the Yalta Conference?
How could humans do this to other humans?
Jews were
blamed for
the
problems
in
Germany.
Jews were expelled from schools and jobs.
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
Jewish homes, shops and synagogues were
destroyed by the SS.
KRISTALLNACHT
A storefront blast in Germany.
All Jews were required to wear a yellow star.
The Jews were moved and imprisoned in
ghettos. Many were murdered in the ghettos by
mobile killing squads.
WWII: SS EXECUTION.
SS-execution commando during World War II.
Dead were in the streets in ghettos.
• Judenrat- “Jewish Council”
– local government in the ghetto, and stood
between the Nazis and the ghetto population
– forced by the Nazis to provide Jews for use as
slave labor, and to assist in the deportation of
Jews to extermination camps
– Those who refused or were unable to
cooperate fully were rounded up and shot or
deported to the extermination camps.
– collaborated with the Nazis, might save the
lives
Concentration/Work Camps – Jews were sent to
Concentration Camps once the ghettos were
overcrowded. 15,000 camps were created.
Workers at a
Concentration Camp
AUSCHWITZ, c1944.
Women on the train station ramp at the concentration camp Auschwitz c1944.
CONCENTRATION CAMP.
Prisoners doing forced labor
at a factory, undated.
Death Camps – The Final Solution
Jews were sent to Death Camps because ghettos
and Concentration Camps were overcrowded.
Auschwitz – As it looks today
Living Quarters at the Camps.
Six million Jews were murdered.
•Firing squad, starvation, Lethal injections,
pills, gas ovens, open bon fires, medical
experiments, Poisonous gas
Gas ovens
Furnace
Poisonous Gas Showers
Firing squad
Mass
Grave Pit
open bon fires
The Nazis tried to
burn all evidence
as the Allies
approached.
CONCENTRATION CAMP, 1944.
Skeletons of murdered camp inmates
in front of furnaces at the
concentration camp Majdanek. The
picture was taken by M. Trachmann
after the liberation by the Red Army
on 07.27.1944. Full credit: Nowosti ullstein bild / The Granger Collection
The Germans did medical experiments on children and
adults.
6 million undesirables were also murdered. (Over
12 million total were murdered by the Nazi
regime.)
Gypsies, Political dissidents, Poles, Slavs,
Jehovah Witnesses, Catholics, Russian POWS,
Communists, Trade Unionists, Socialists,
Mentally and Physically disabled,
Homosexuals
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143&MediaId=3372
Nuremberg Trials
Nazi officers were put on trial for war crimes
and some were sentenced to death.
CARTOON: NUREMBERG
TRIALS.
End of the Road: American
cartoon, 1946, by D.R.
Fitzpatrick on the Nuremberg
trials of Nazi leaders for war
crimes
The Philippines,
which is an
American
possession, is
taken away by
the Japanese in
May 1942.
Bataan Death March – 76,000 POW’s (Amer. &
Filipinos) were marched over 68 miles to prison
camps. 10,000 died in the march.
America stopped the advance of Japan
- Battle of Coral Sea stopped Japan from taking
Australia.
- Battle of Midway stopped the Japanese
eastward spread, turning point in war.
WW II: BATTLE OF MIDWAY. June 3-6, 1942.
The Japanese cruiser "Mikuma" in flames,
shortly before she sank.
Aircraft Carriers are floating airfields. They are
used as the base for the attacks in the Pacific. They
extended the area in which airplanes can fly.
Island Hopping is the American plan of action to
capture Japanese held islands.
Guadalcanal – jungle warfare
Philippines – Japanese sea power destroyed
Iwo Jima – Marines
raised U.S. flag on
Mt. Surabachi
WWII: IWO JIMA, 1945.
Raising the flag on Iwo
Jima, Feb. 23, 1945.
Okinawa –
kamikaze
pilot (suicide
pilots)
WORLD WAR II:
KAMIKAZE plane
attack on the USS
Missouri in 1945.
Invasion of Japan
– U.S. starts bombing Japan
Albert Einstein wrote
a letter to FDR
warning him about
the Germans ability
to build a new bomb
– the atomic bomb.
President Harry Truman decides to drop the
atomic bomb – Save lives, time and money
Hiroshima is
bombed on
August 6, 1945.
Aerial view of Hiroshima before the bomb, April 1945
The Ruins of Hiroshima
Enola Gay was the fastest plane the US Military had. It
dropped the bombs on the Japanese cities.
The actual bomb
The blast,
.034 seconds after detonation
Nagasaki is
bombed on
August 9,
1945.
Japan surrenders on Sept 8, 1945
VJ Day – Victory in Japan
Estimated WWII Deaths
Country
Military
Deaths
Civilian
Deaths
Total
Death
3,250,000
2,350,000
5,600,000
226,900
60,000
286,900
1,740,000
393,400
2,133,400
France
122,000
470,000
592,000
Great Britain
305,800
60,600
366,400
United States
405,400
n/a
405,400
Soviet Union
11,000,000
6,700,000
17,700,000
China
1,400,000
8,000,000
9,400,000
Axis
Germany
Italy
Japan
Allies
American Casualties in WWII
Service
Army
Number
Deaths
Serving
11,260,000 318,274
565,861
Navy
4,183,466
62,614
37,778
Marines
669,100
24,511
67,207
Coast
Guard
Total
241,093
1,917
NA
16,353,659 407,316
Army figure includes Army Air Force
Wounded
670,846
The war is over!!
Our GI’s are coming
home!!