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3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3 Aquatic Ecosystems 12(A), 12(B), 12(F) MAINIDEA Write the Main Idea for this lesson. REVIEW VOCABULARY Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term. salinity salinity NEW VOCABULARY Write the correct term in the left column for each definition below. deepest areas of a large lake narrow band where the ocean meets land area of the open ocean that is too deep for sunlight to penetrate area of the open ocean to a depth of about 200 m that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate deepest region of the ocean area of a lake or pond that is closest to shore ecosystem that is formed where a freshwater river or stream merges with the ocean open water area of a lake or pond that is well lit and dominated by plankton area of sand, silt, and dead organisms along the ocean floor material that is deposited by water, wind, or glaciers free-floating photosynthetic autotrophs that live in freshwater or marine ecosystems Science Notebook • Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 36 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. areas of land such as marshes, swamps, and bogs that are saturated with water and that support aquatic plants 3 Aquatic Ecosystems (continued) Student Edition, pp. 74–81 Complete this paragraph about the distribution of water on the Earth. Reading Essentials, pp. 30–34 By far, is the most common type of water on Earth. Of the 2.5 percent of on Earth, most is locked in the ice of live in . Most freshwater species , , , that make up only , and percent of all freshwater. The remaining freshwater is found in GET IT? . Describe key abiotic factors that define rivers and streams. Analyze how the speed of water flow affects life in a river by writing more or less in the appropriate boxes in the figure. Accumulation of sediment and organic material Species that can live in these waters Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Fast-moving water Slow-moving water Compare the zones of lakes and ponds by completing the table below. Zone Location Example Species well-lit open water area limited due to cold and reduced light and oxygen littoral Science Notebook • Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 37 3 Aquatic Ecosystems (continued) Compare transitional aquatic ecosystems. Identify two types in the organizer below and describe the environments each type combines. Transitional Aquatic Ecosystems combine: combine: Identify the marine ecosystems. Write the name of the zone in each box in the figure below. shore 200 m extreme depth GET IT? Describe environmental variation in intertidal zones. Science Notebook • Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 38 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. ocean floor 3 Aquatic Ecosystems (continued) REVIEW IT ! 1. MAINIDEA List the abiotic factors that are used to classify aquatic ecosystems. 2. Apply what you know about ponds. Do you think the same organisms that would live in a seasonal pond would live in a pond that existed year-round? Explain. 3. Describe an ecological function of an estuary. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. 4. Describe the zones of the open ocean. 5. Infer how autotrophs in the abyssal zone of the ocean are different from those of the photic zone. 6. In November 2004, the floodgates of Glen Canyon Dam opened in an attempt to improve the Colorado River habitat. The release topped 1161 m3/s—four times the usual daytime flow. Based on this information, about how much water normally flows through the dam on a daily basis? Science Notebook • Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 39