Download NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook

NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
Surface Weather Maps
April 05, 2016
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
L
Symbol : ________
relatively
Indicates an area of ________________ low air
pressure (aka, __________________ pressure
barometric
atmospheric
or __________________ pressure).
Called a _________________
cyclone
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
surrounding
Air from ________________ areas
Formation:
rises
As warm air ___________ in the center
replace
moves in to ____________ it.
cyclone
of a _____________, surface pressure
decreases
_______________.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
Coriolis
The _______________ effect produces a
Coriolis
The _______________ effect produces a
counterclockwise
__________________________ rotation
counterclockwise
__________________________ rotation
incoming
of these _____________ winds.
incoming
of these _____________ winds.
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds
curve to the __________ of their
curve to the __________ of their
right
__________ of __________.
origin
point
point
__________ of __________.
origin
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure in the Northern Hemisphere
Low Pressure System (top view)
Feb 4­12:00 PM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
Low pressure systems have __________
inward
Low Pressure System (top view)
upward
and ___________ spiraling winds.
Low Pressure System (side view)
now draw in a second set of arrows -- ccw and inward
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
expands
As the air rises in a cyclone, it ___________,
cools
condenses
_________, and ______________ forming
precipitation
___________ and ____________________.
clouds
Therefore, low pressure systems are
Pressure Systems
High Pressure System
H Symbol : ________
relatively
Indicates an area of ______________ high air
pressure.
"bad"
associated with _______ weather.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
Pressure Systems
High Pressure System
April 05, 2016
Pressure Systems
High Pressure System
outward
Air spirals ____________ from the center
Formation:
Sinking air at the center of a high pressure
of a high pressure system.
system causes surface pressure to
increase
_____________.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Mar 14­10:01 AM
High Pressure in the Northern Hemisphere
High Pressure System
Coriolis
The _______________ effect produces a
clockwise
__________________ rotation of these
outgoing
_____________ winds.
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds
curve to the __________ of their
right
__________ of __________.
point
origin
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Feb 4­12:00 PM
Pressure Systems
High Pressure System (top view)
High Pressure System
As a result of the winds spiraling in the
opposite
______________ direction of a cyclone,
high pressure systems are called
_____________________.
anticyclones
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
Pressure Systems
High Pressure System
April 05, 2016
Pressure Systems
High Pressure System (top view)
downward
High pressure systems have _____________
and ___________ spiraling winds.
outward
High Pressure System:
(side view)
draw in second set of arrows -- cw and outward
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Pressure Systems
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Isopleths
warms
As the air sinks in an anticyclone, it ___________ up, equal
Lines connecting ____________ values.
drop
allowing relative humidity to __________, which results
Provides a quick and easy ___________ representation of
weather patterns.
dry
clear
in _________ skies and _______ weather.
Commonly used isopleths
Therefore, high pressure systems are
associated with _______ weather.
good
_____________ (lines of equal _______________)
_____________ ( _________________ pressure)
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 18­8:52 AM
Mar 18­8:52 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
Isopleths
equal
Lines connecting ____________ values.
visual
Provides a quick and easy ___________ representation of
weather patterns.
Commonly used isopleths
_____________ (lines of equal _______________)
_____________ ( _________________ pressure)
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 20­7:20 AM
Isopleths
equal
Lines connecting ____________ values.
visual
Provides a quick and easy ___________ representation of
weather patterns.
Commonly used isopleths
Isotherms
temperature
_____________ (lines of equal _______________)
Isobars
barometric
_____________ ( _________________ pressure)
Mar 20­7:24 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Isopleths
Other types of isopleths
Isopleths
Drawing isopleths can be difficult because observations
Isodrosotherms
dewpoints
___________________ ( _______________)
are not made everywhere; therefore, gaps exist on surface
humidity
Isohumes
______________ ( _____________ )
interpolate
weather maps and we must __________________ between
Isotachs
windspeeds
______________ ( _________________)
recorded datapoints.
T-storm
___________________ ( ___________ activity)
Isokeronics
INSOLATION
Isohels
________________ ( duration of _________________ )
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
General Rules for Drawing Isopleths
April 05, 2016
General Rules for Drawing Isopleths
1. BE PATIENT
1. BE PATIENT
2. Use pencil (lightly at first)
2. Use pencil (lightly at first)
3. If an interval is not provided for you, determine an
appropriate interval. Ensure you pick an interval that will
not result in too many or too few lines
3. If an interval is not provided for you, determine an
appropriate interval. Ensure you pick an interval that will
not result in too many or too few lines
54
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57
57
63
63
65
65
68
68
72
72
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
General Rules for Drawing Isopleths
54
57
1. BE PATIENT
63
65
2. Use pencil (lightly at first)
3. If an interval is not provided for you, determine an
appropriate interval. Ensure you pick an interval that will
not result in too many or too few lines
4. Draw smooth lines
54
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72
57
63
65
Next slide for an
example......
68
72
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 18­9:01 AM
General Rules for Drawing Isopleths
General Rules for Drawing Isopleths
8. When you are finished, check your results. One way to do this is to imagine that you are walking along an isopleth. The values of the data points on one side of that isopleth line should be greater than the isopleth value and values of the data points on the other side should be less than the value of the isopleth.
5. Isopleths can form closed loops; however, they must
cross
NEVER ___________ one another.
6. Isopleths should not branch or fork.
7. Isopleth lines must be labeled with their value
30
30
30
20
10
20
20
Remember to interpolate! Data points that are close in value to the isopleth line you are drawing will require you to draw your line closer to them.
10
10
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
Draw the isotherms for 40, 50, 60 & 70 degrees
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63
65
68
72
Mar 18­9:01 AM
Isobars
Mar 31­4:17 PM
Draw isobars at 4 mb intervals (starting at 1008 mb)
high
low
Used to identify areas of __________ and/or ________
pressures.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Draw isobars at 4 mb intervals (starting at 1008 mb)
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Isobars
high
low
Surface winds blow from ________ to _______ pressure
perpendicular
centers and are ___________________ to the isobars.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
Draw isobars at 4 mb intervals (starting at 1008 mb)
Isobars
faster
The closer the isobars are to one another, the ___________
the change in pressure (the higher the pressure
stronger
gradient
______________ or rate of change) and the ____________
the winds. Also, the greater the difference between the high
and low pressures ­­ the stronger the winds.
Pg. 1 of ESRT
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
1. Find the pressure gradient
between B and C.
miles
1. Find the pressure gradient
between B and C.
miles
0 10 20 30 40
0 10 20 30 40
2. Find the pressure gradient
between D and E.
Mar 21­7:17 AM
2. Find the pressure gradient
between D and E.
Mar 21­7:17 AM
Isobars
faster
The closer the isobars are to one another, the ___________
the change in pressure (the higher the pressure
stronger
gradient
______________ or rate of change) and the ____________
the winds. Also, the greater the difference between the high
miles
and low pressures ­­ the stronger the winds.
0 10 20 30 40
Mar 21­7:17 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
General Weather Patterns
Overall, weather patterns tend to follow the direction of the
global
upper level prevailing ____________ winds and the jet
stream.
The United States are located in the prevailing
westerlies
_______________ global wind belt.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Add to notes:
the
'no
General Weather Patterns
orm
' st
l
a
rm
SW
he
t
m
fro
Mar 14­10:01 AM
k
trac
NE
he
t
to
arrow
dashed
A __________ line with an ___________ at the end may be
general
used to show the _____________ direction of a weather
system.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
General Weather Patterns
However, regional weather conditions are influenced by
cyclone
anticyclone
_______________ and ____________________ winds
local
and ____________ surface winds blowing from high to
low pressure areas.
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
9
NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
Scales of Motion
Global Scale
Scales of Motion
Synoptic Scale
Impacted by global prevailing winds
~ area of a large state
Area influenced = ________________________
Impacts weather events all year
2-3 days
Typical weather duration = _______________
Macroscale
hemisphere
Area influenced = ________________________
Jet streams
Associated weather events:
Weather forecasts
Hurricanes
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Scales of Motion
Scales of Motion
Mesoscale Microscale ~ area of a city block
~ area of a county
Area influenced = ________________________
Area influenced = ________________________
Typical weather duration = _______________
24 hours
current
Typical weather duration = _______________
Associated weather events:
Associated weather events:
Thunderstorms
“Dust devils”
Tornados
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Find the
center of
the LOW
pressure
center:
Which
direction
are the
winds
rotating?
Mar 14­10:01 AM
L
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook
April 05, 2016
Draw in
the
occluded,
cold, and
warm
fronts
with
proper
symbols:
Mar 14­10:01 AM
Mar 14­10:01 AM
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