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air mass A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height. maritime tropical A warm air mass that forms in the tropics and has low air pressure. continental polar A cold air mass that forms north of 50° north latitude or south of 50° south latitude and has high air pressure. front A humid air mass that forms over oceans. occluded Cut off, as in a front where a warm air mass is caught between 2 cooler air masses. A dry air mass that forms over land. cyclone A swirling center of low air pressure. anticyclone A high-pressure center of dry air. The boundary where unlike masses meet but do not mix. air storm A violent atmosphere. disturbance in the tornado thunderstorm A small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation ad frequent thunder and lightning. hurricane lightning A sudden spark, or energy discharge, caused when electrical charges jump between parts of a cloud, between nearby clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. storm surge A rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down to touch Earth’s surface. meteorologist Scientist who studies the causes of weather and tries to predict it. A tropical storm that has winds of about 119 kilometers per hour or higher. isobar A line on a weather map that joins places that have the same air pressure. A “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands. isotherm A line on a weather map that joins places that have the same temperature. WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHAPTER 3 SECTIONS 3.1 – 3.3 FLASHCARDS