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Cold Front Warm Front Stationary Front Occluded Front cold air mass pushes under warm air mass. Storms may come at the beginning but leave clear dry weather after. warm air mass pushes into and over a cold air mass. Storms / rain may occur after the front for a period of days. warm air mass pushes into cold air mass but neither mass is strong enough to push over the other causing rain to last for several days. one air mass type is pushed between two other air masses causing a variety of weather systems ranging from violent to dry and clear afterwards Convection Jet Stream Prevailing Westerlies Polar Easterlies process that occurs when increased temperature causes substances to rise (less dense) and the cooler temperature causes substance to sink (more dense) fast moving belts of winds high in the atmosphere Winds that move from the West to the East Winds that move from the poles down ward from East to west. doldrums area around the equator where the winds are very calm horse latitudes 30 degrees above and below equator where the winds rarely blow - ships would get stuck here due to low winds El Niño In Pacific ocean warm water phase, weak trade winds Moves West to East La Niña In Pacific ocean cool water phase, strong trade winds, causes storms Moves East to West Coriolis Effect Radiant Energy The deflection of winds and large ocean currents moving towards the poles and the equator due to the rotation of the earth. Solar energy is radiant energy from Sun – warms without having to touch air or water Land Breeze The breeze that occurs at night when cool air from land moves out over warm water. Sea Breeze The breeze that occurs during the day when cool air from the water moves out over warm land.