Download History of Europe study guide answer key

HISTORY OF EUROPE STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY
FROM COLONIZATION TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
DIRECTIONS: Include as much information as you can for each question. The more info, the better
the study guide. The better the study guide, the better the grade on your test.
1. Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? What were some of his contributions? Prince Henry
the Navigator of Portugal began the age of exploration. He hired scientists and inventors. Their
discoveries helped make long voyages possible. He paid sailors who explored the coast of
Africa and opened the way for future journeys. Henry encouraged sailors to travel farther that
they ever dared before. Thanks to Henry, Portugal built Europe’s first dominant navy.
2. What is the main reason for European exploration during the 1400’s? The main reason for
European exploration during the 1400s was to find a shorter passage/trade route to Asia.
3. What were the 3 reasons for European colonization? The 3 reasons for European
colonization were to get the natural resources foreign lands offered. They also wanted a
market for their goods. They wanted to sell European products in foreign lands. The last
reason was because many Europeans explored and colonized new regions for religious reasons.
They wanted to spread Christianity. European explorers and settlers often saw themselves as
doing the will of God as well as serving their king of queen.
-Natural Resources
-Market for goods
-Religion
4. What were the 4 MAIN causes of the outbreak of WWI?
MILITARISM-The building up of militaries. European nations had worked to build powerful
militaries and more weapons.
ALLIANCES-An agreement between countries in which one nation agrees to defend another if it
is attacked.
IMPERIALISM-The building up of empires and taking resources and land allows a country to
build their empire and become powerful and wealthy.
NATIONALISM-Pride in one’s country. At the time of World War I, Europeans identified with
their own countries more than ever before.
5. What were the causes of the Russian Revolution? The Russian Revolution led to the fall of
the Russian Czar (Nicholas II) from power. A Bolshevik government eventually took over Russia
HISTORY OF EUROPE STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY
FROM COLONIZATION TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
and pulled the nation out of World War I. The causes of the Russia Revolution were: Poverty,
starvation, an overthrow of the czar (Nicholas II), civil war, and communism.
6. Which Empire was the most powerful during the Industrial Revolution? The empire that was
the most powerful during the Industrial Revolution was the British Empire.
7. Define Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Alliances. What did these lead to?
MILITARISM-The building up of militaries. European nations had worked to build powerful
militaries and more weapons.
ALLIANCES-An agreement between countries in which one nation agrees to defend another if it
is attacked.
IMPERIALISM-The building up of empires and taking resources and land allows a country to
build their empire and become powerful and wealthy.
NATIONALISM-Pride in one’s country. At the time of World War I, Europeans identified with
their own countries more than ever before.
All four of these led to World War I.
8. What ONE event led to the start of WWII? The one even that led to World War I was the
assassination of the Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
9. What happened to the world at the end of WWI? The worldwide economic depression was
an economic crisis that hit after World War I. It led to the rise of Hitler and Nazism and the
start of World War II.
10. Describe the Holocaust? The Holocaust was a period during World War II in which the Nazis
tried to eliminate the Jewish people. The Nazis killed more than six million Jews.
11. What form of government came out of the Russian Revolution? The Bolsheviks introduced
the Communist form of government out of the Russian Revolution.
12. What treaty ended WWI? What were the conditions? The treaty that ended World War I
was known as the Treaty of Versailles. The four main conditions were:
- Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war.
- Germany had to give up territory to surrounding countries.
- Germany surrendered its overseas colonies and made their armed forces smaller.
HISTORY OF EUROPE STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY
FROM COLONIZATION TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
- Germany had to pay huge reparations in the amount of 33 billion dollars to the countries it
harmed.
13. What countries became the super powers after WWII? The two countries that became
superpowers after World War II were the United States and the USSR (Soviet Union) Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics.
14. According to Winston Churchill (former British Prime Minister), what did the “iron curtain”
symbolize (stand for)? The iron curtain stood for the Soviet Union and the spreading of
Communism.
15. Which countries had empires (colonies) in Asia and Africa? The countries that had empires
in Asia and Africa were Spain, Portugal, England, and France.
16. List the Central and Allied Powers of WWI?
The Central Powers of World War I were Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and
Bulgaria.
The Allied Powers (Triple Entente) of World War I were France, Great Britain, and Russia.