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Starting Fluid
Mopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division)
Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 4
Catalogue number: 68
Version No: 2.4
Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
L.GHS.USA.EN
SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION
Product Identifier
Product name
Synonyms
Other means of
identification
Starting Fluid
0VU01451
Not Available
Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use
Relevant identified uses
The use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure and an irritating atmosphere developing. Before starting
consider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation.
Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party
Registered company name
Address
Telephone
Fax
Website
Email
Mopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division)
26311 Lawerence Avenue, Center Line Michigan 48015 United States
1-800-846-6727
Not Available
Not Available
[email protected]
Emergency phone number
Association / Organisation
Not Available
Emergency telephone
numbers
248-512-8002
Other emergency telephone
numbers
Not Available
SECTION 2 HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance or mixture
CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS
Min
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
4
2
2
1
2
Classification
Max
0 = Minimum
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
4 = Extreme
Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of this
SDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond.Blue = HealthRed =
FireYellow = ReactivityWhite = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances)
Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure Category 2, Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 4, Aspiration Hazard
Category 1, Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Category 3(narcotic effects), Reproductive Toxicity Category 2, Flammable Gas Category 1
Label elements
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Chemwatch: 9-341225
Page 2 of 17
Catalogue number: 68
Starting Fluid
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Version No: 2.4
GHS label elements
SIGNAL WORD
DANGER
Hazard statement(s)
H315
Causes skin irritation.
H373
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
H302
Harmful if swallowed.
H304
May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H336
May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H361
Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H220
Extremely flammable gas.
Hazard(s) not otherwise specified
Not Applicable
Precautionary statement(s) Prevention
P101
If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102
Keep out of reach of children.
P103
Read label before use.
P201
Obtain special instructions before use.
P210
Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P260
Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271
Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P281
Use personal protective equipment as required.
P270
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P280
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
Precautionary statement(s) Response
P301+P310
IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308+P313
IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P331
Do NOT induce vomiting.
P362
Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P377
Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P381
Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P301+P312
IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P302+P352
IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P304+P340
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P330
P332+P313
Rinse mouth.
If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
Precautionary statement(s) Storage
P405
P403+P233
Store locked up.
Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
Precautionary statement(s) Disposal
P501
Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations.
SECTION 3 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Substances
See section below for composition of Mixtures
Mixtures
CAS No
%[weight]
Name
60-29-7
47.5
diethyl ether
110-54-3
11
n-hexane
142-82-5
3.3
n-heptane
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Chemwatch: 9-341225
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Catalogue number: 68
Starting Fluid
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Version No: 2.4
128-37-0
2.5
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
64742-53-6.
0.999
naphthenic distillate, light, hydrotreated
110-82-7
0.88
cyclohexane
108-88-3
0.44
toluene
The specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage (concentration) of composition has been withheld as a trade secret.
SECTION 4 FIRST-AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures
Eye Contact
Skin Contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
If skin contact occurs:
Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if
necessary.
Transport to hospital, or doctor.
IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY.
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient following observation and employing supportive measures as indicated by the patient's
condition.
If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the SDS should be
provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist.
If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the patient to a hospital together with a copy of the SDS.
Where medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed
otherwise:
INDUCE vomiting with fingers down the back of the throat, ONLY IF CONSCIOUS. Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if
possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
See Section 11
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
Treat symptomatically.
for lower alkyl ethers:
-------------------------------------------------------------BASIC TREATMENT
-------------------------------------------------------------Establish a patent airway with suction where necessary.
Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation as necessary.
Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min.
A low-stimulus environment must be maintained.
Monitor and treat, where necessary, for shock.
Anticipate and treat, where necessary, for seizures.
DO NOT use emetics. Where ingestion is suspected rinse mouth and give up to 200 ml water (5 ml/kg recommended) for dilution where patient is able to swallow, has a strong gag reflex and
does not drool.
-------------------------------------------------------------ADVANCED TREATMENT
-------------------------------------------------------------Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in unconscious patient or where respiratory arrest has occurred.
Positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-valve mask might be of use.
Monitor and treat, where necessary, for arrhythmias.
Start an IV D5W TKO. If signs of hypovolaemia are present use lactated Ringers solution. Fluid overload might create complications.
Drug therapy should be considered for pulmonary oedema.
Hypotension without signs of hypovolaemia may require vasopressors.
Treat seizures with diazepam.
Proparacaine hydrochloride should be used to assist eye irrigation.
-------------------------------------------------------------EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
-------------------------------------------------------------Laboratory analysis of complete blood count, serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, glucose, urinalysis, baseline for serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), calcium, phosphorus and
magnesium, may assist in establishing a treatment regime. Other useful analyses include anion and osmolar gaps, arterial blood gases (ABGs), chest radiographs and electrocardiograph.
Ethers may produce anion gap acidosis. Hyperventilation and bicarbonate therapy might be indicated.
Haemodialysis might be considered in patients with impaired renal function.
Consult a toxicologist as necessary.
BRONSTEIN, A.C. and CURRANCE, P.L.
EMERGENCY CARE FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXPOSURE: 2nd Ed. 1994
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Chemwatch: 9-341225
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Catalogue number: 68
Starting Fluid
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Version No: 2.4
SECTION 5 FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture
Fire Incompatibility
Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result
Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves in the event of a fire.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses.
Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.
DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
Fire Fighting
Fire/Explosion Hazard
carbon dioxide (CO2)
other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.
Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup under fire conditions.
May emit poisonous fumes.
May emit corrosive fumes.
WARNING: Long standing in contact with air and light may result in the formation
of potentially explosive peroxides.
SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
See section 8
Environmental precautions
See section 12
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up
Minor Spills
Remove all ignition sources.
Clean up all spills immediately.
Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment.
Contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material.
Wipe up.
Collect residues in a flammable waste container.
Major Spills
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
Stop leak if safe to do so.
Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
Neutralise/decontaminate residue (see Section 13 for specific agent).
Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using.
If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.
SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions for safe handling
Safe handling
Contains low boiling substance:
Storage in sealed containers may result in pressure buildup causing violent rupture of containers not rated appropriately.
Check for bulging containers.
Vent periodically
Always release caps or seals slowly to ensure slow dissipation of vapours
Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
Use in a well-ventilated area.
Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
Avoid physical damage to containers.
Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
Use good occupational work practice.
Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
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Catalogue number: 68
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Starting Fluid
Version No: 2.4
Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
Other information
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Suitable container
Storage incompatibility
Polyethylene or polypropylene container.
Packing as recommended by manufacturer.
Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
Carbon dioxide:
reacts violently with strong bases and alkali metals (especially their dusts)
may ignite or explode when heated or in suspended chemically active metals (and their hydrides) such as aluminium, chromium, manganese, magnesium
(above 775 C), titanium (above 550 C), uranium (above 750 C) or zirconium , diethylmagnesium
is incompatible with water, acrolein, acrylaldehyde, amines, anhydrous ammonia, aziridine, metal acetylides (such as lithium acetylide), caesium monoxide
(moist), lithium, potassium, sodium, sodium carbide, sodium-potassium alloy, sodium peroxide, titanium
may build up static electricity when discharged at high flow rates from storage cylinders or fire extinguishers - this may produce sparks resulting in ignition
of flammables or explosives.
may decompose to toxic carbon monoxide and flammable oxygen when exposed to electrical discharges or very high temperatures
Ethers
·
may react violently with strong oxidising agents and acids.
·
can act as bases.- they form salts with strong acids and additioncomplexes with Lewis acids; the complex between diethyl ether and
borontrifluoride is an example.
·
are generally stable to water under neutral conditions and ambienttemperatures.
·
are hydrolysed by heating in the presence of halogen acids,particularly hydrogen iodide
·
are relatively inert In other reactions, which typically involvethe breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond
The tendency of many ethers to form explosive peroxides is well documented.
Ethers lacking non-methyl hydrogen atoms adjacent to the ether link are thought to be relatively safe.
When solvents have been freed from peroxides (by percolation through a column of activated alumina for example), the absorbed peroxides must promptly be
desorbed by treatment with the polar solvents methanol or water, which should be discarded safely.
SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control parameters
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OEL)
INGREDIENT DATA
Source
Ingredient
Material name
TWA
STEL
Peak
Notes
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z1
diethyl ether
Ethyl ether
1200 mg/m3 /
400 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
Not Available
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
Values (TLV)
diethyl ether
Ethyl ether
400 ppm
500 ppm
Not
Available
TLV® Basis: CNS
impair; URT irr
US NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits (RELs)
diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, Diethyl oxide, Ethyl oxide, Ether, Solvent
ether
Not Available
Not
Available
Not
Available
See Appendix D
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z1
n-hexane
n-Hexane
1800 mg/m3 /
500 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
Not Available
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
Values (TLV)
n-hexane
n-Hexane
50 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
TLV® Basis: CNS
impair; peripheral
neuropathy; eye irr;
BEI
US NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits (RELs)
n-hexane
Hexane, Hexyl hydride, normal-Hexane /
Diethylmethylmethane; Diisopropyl; 2,2-Dimethylbutane;
2,3-Dimethylbutane; Isohexane; 2-Methylpentane;
3-Methylpentane [Note: Also see specific listing for
n-Hexane.]
180 mg/m3 /
350 mg/m3 /
50 ppm / 100
ppm
Not
Available
1800
mg/m3 /
510 ppm
[15-minute]
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z1
n-heptane
Heptane (n-Heptane)
2000 mg/m3 /
500 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
Not Available
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
Values (TLV)
n-heptane
Heptane, all isomers
400 ppm
500 ppm
Not
Available
TLV® Basis: CNS
impair; URT irr
US NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits (RELs)
n-heptane
Heptane, normal-Heptane
350 mg/m3 /
85 ppm
Not
Available
1800
mg/m3 /
440 ppm
[15-minute]
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z1
naphthenic
distillate, light,
hydrotreated
(severe)
Oil mist, mineral
5 mg/m3
Not
Available
Not
Available
Not Available
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
Values (TLV)
naphthenic
distillate, light,
hydrotreated
(severe)
Mineral oil, excluding metal working fluids - Pure,
highly and severely refined / Mineral oil, excluding
metal working fluids - Poorly and mildly refined
5 mg/m3
Not
Available
Not
Available
TLV® Basis: URT irr
US NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits (RELs)
naphthenic
distillate, light,
hydrotreated
(severe)
Heavy mineral oil mist, Paraffin oil mist, White mineral
oil mist
5 mg/m3
10 mg/m3
Not
Available
Not Available
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z1
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane
1050 mg/m3 /
300 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
Not Available
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
Page 6 of 17
Catalogue number: 68
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Starting Fluid
Version No: 2.4
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
Values (TLV)
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane
100 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
TLV® Basis: CNS
impair
US NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits (RELs)
cyclohexane
Benzene hexahydride, Hexahydrobenzene,
Hexamethylene, Hexanaphthene
1050 mg/m3 /
300 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
Not Available
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z1
toluene
Toluene
Not Available
Not
Available
Not
Available
See Table Z-2
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) Table Z2
toluene
Toluene
200 ppm
Not
Available
300 ppm
(Z37.12–1967)
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
Values (TLV)
toluene
Toluene
20 ppm
Not
Available
Not
Available
TLV® Basis: Visual
impair; female repro;
pregnancy loss; BEI
US NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits (RELs)
toluene
Methyl benzene, Methyl benzol, Phenyl methane, Toluol
375 mg/m3 /
100 ppm
560 mg/m3
/ 150 ppm
Not
Available
Not Available
EMERGENCY LIMITS
Ingredient
Material name
TEEL-1
TEEL-2
TEEL-3
diethyl ether
Ethyl ether
500 ppm
3200 ppm
19000 ppm
n-hexane
Hexane
260 ppm
Not Available
Not Available
n-heptane
Heptane
500 ppm
830 ppm
5000 ppm
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane
300 ppm
1700 ppm
10000 ppm
toluene
Toluene
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Ingredient
Original IDLH
Revised IDLH
diethyl ether
19,000 [LEL] ppm
1,900 [LEL] ppm
n-hexane
5,000 ppm
1,100 [LEL] ppm
n-heptane
5,000 ppm
750 ppm
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
Not Available
Not Available
naphthenic distillate, light,
hydrotreated (severe)
Not Available
Not Available
cyclohexane
10,000 ppm
1,300 [LEL] ppm
toluene
2,000 ppm
500 ppm
MATERIAL DATA
For cyclohexane:
Odour Threshold Value: 784 ppm (detection)
NOTE: Detector tubes for cyclohexane, measuring in excess of 100 ppm are commercially available.
The recommended TLV-TWA represents the borderline of irritation but takes into account the practical difficulties of achieving lower values in the workplace. Whether serious or long-lasting
consequences result from exposure at 300 ppm or whether humans become narcosed or fatigued remains to be established. The present value is thought to be a satisfactory bench-mark until
further studies are made.
Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
OSF=4 (CYCLOHEXANE)
for heptane (all isomers)
The TLV-TWA is protective against narcotic and irritant effects which are greater than those of pentane or n-hexane but less than those of octane. The TLV-TWA applies to all isomers.
Inhalation by humans of 1000 ppm for 6 minutes produced slight dizziness. Higher concentrations for shorter periods produce marked vertigo, incoordination and hilarity. Signs of central nervous
system depression occur in the absence of mucous membrane irritation. Brief exposures to high levels (5000 ppm for 4 minutes) produce nausea, loss of appetite and a 'gasoline-like' taste in the
mouth that persists for many hours after exposure ceases
For diethyl ether:
NOTE: Detector tubes for diethyl ether, measuring in excess of 100 ppm, are commercially available.
Narcotic properties leading to anaesthesia and eye and respiratory irritation are thought to be minimised at exposures at or below the recommended TLV-TWA. Disagreement exists amongst peak
bodies (notably NIOSH) as to whether this limit limits sensory limitation.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
OSF=45 (ETHYL ETHER)
For n-hexane:
Odour Threshold Value: 65 ppm
NOTE: Detector tubes for n-hexane, measuring in excess of 100 ppm, are available commercially.
Occupational polyneuropathy may result from exposures as low as 500 ppm (as hexane), whilst nearly continuous exposures of 250 ppm have caused neurotoxic effects in animals. Many literature
reports have failed to distinguish hexane from n-hexane and on the assumption that the commercial hexane contains 30% n-hexane, a worst case recommendation for TLV is assumed to reduce the
risk of peripheral neuropathies (due to the metabolites 2,5-heptanedione and 3,6-octanedione) and other adverse neuropathic effects.
Concurrent exposure to chemicals (including MEK) and drugs which induce hepatic liver oxidative metabolism can reduce the time for neuropathy to appear.
Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
OSF=0.15 (n-HEXANE)
For carbon dioxide:
NOTE: Detector tubes for carbon dioxide, measuring in excess of 0.01 % vol.,are commercially available. Long-term measurements (4 hrs) may be conducted to detect concentrations exceeding
250 ppm.
Studies using physically fit males in confined spaces indicate the TLV-TWA and STEL provides a wide margin of safety against asphyxiation and from undue metabolic stress, provided normal
amounts of oxygen are present in inhaled air. Lowered oxygen content, increased physical activity and prolonged exposures each impact on systemic and respiratory effects.
Stimulation of the respiratory centre is produced at 50,000 ppm (5%). The gas is weakly narcotic at 30,000 ppm giving rise to reduced acuity of hearing and increasing blood pressure and pulse,
Persons exposed a 20,000 ppm for several hours developed headaches and dyspnea on mild exertion, Acidosis and adrenal cortical exhaustion occurred as a result of prolonged continuous
exposure at 10,000-20,0000 ppm.
Intoxication occurs after a 30 minute exposure at 50,000 ppm whilst exposure at 70,000-100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness within a few minutes.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
OSF=0.068 (CARBON DIOXIDE)
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
Page 7 of 17
Catalogue number: 68
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Starting Fluid
Version No: 2.4
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (syn: butylated hydroxytoluene - BHT)
Because high dose levels are required to produce toxic effects and because there is little evidence of either acute or chronic effects amongst workers the recommended TLV-TWA is identical to
that proposed for nuisance particulates.
For toluene:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.16-6.7 (detection), 1.9-69 (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes measuring in excess of 5 ppm, are available.
High concentrations of toluene in the air produce depression of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. Intentional toluene exposure (glue-sniffing) at maternally-intoxicating concentration
has also produced birth defects. Foetotoxicity appears at levels associated with CNS narcosis and probably occurs only in those with chronic toluene-induced kidney failure. Exposure at or below
the recommended TLV-TWA is thought to prevent transient headache and irritation, to provide a measure of safety for possible disturbances to human reproduction, the prevention of reductions in
cognitive responses reported amongst humans inhaling greater than 40 ppm, and the significant risks of hepatotoxic, behavioural and nervous system effects (including impaired reaction time and
incoordination). Although toluene/ethanol interactions are well recognised, the degree of protection afforded by the TLV-TWA among drinkers is not known.
Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
OSF=17 (TOLUENE)
NOTE M: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.005% w/w benzo[a]pyrene (EINECS No 200-028-5). This note applies only to
certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex IV.
European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up to
the latest ATP
NOTE L: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 3% DMSO extract as measured by IP 346.
European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up to
the latest ATP
Exposure controls
Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly
effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard 'physically' away from the worker and ventilation that strategically 'adds' and
'removes' air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match
the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.
Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.
Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection.
Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection.
An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.
Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying 'escape' velocities which, in
turn, determine the 'capture velocities' of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Appropriate engineering
controls
Type of Contaminant:
Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air).
0.25-0.5 m/s (50-100
f/min.)
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, plating
acid fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active generation)
0.5-1 m/s (100-200
f/min.)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation into
zone of rapid air motion)
1-2.5 m/s (200-500
f/min.)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion).
2.5-10 m/s (500-2000
f/min.)
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range
Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture
1: Disturbing room air currents
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only.
2: Contaminants of high toxicity
3: Intermittent, low production.
3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion
4: Small hood-local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square
of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to
distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of
solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction
apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Personal protection
Eye and face protection
Skin protection
Hands/feet protection
Body protection
Safety glasses with side shields.
Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of
lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of
chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be
readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed
at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH
Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]
See Hand protection below
Wear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC.
Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber
See Other protection below
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Overalls.
P.V.C. apron.
Barrier cream.
Skin cleansing cream.
Eye wash unit.
Other protection
Thermal hazards
Not Available
Recommended material(s)
Respiratory protection
GLOVE SELECTION INDEX
Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the:
'Forsberg Clothing Performance Index'.
The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the computergenerated selection:
Starting Fluid
Material
CPI
BUTYL
C
BUTYL/NEOPRENE
C
CPE
C
HYPALON
C
NATURAL RUBBER
C
NEOPRENE
C
NEOPRENE/NATURAL
C
NITRILE
C
NITRILE+PVC
C
PE/EVAL/PE
C
PVA
C
PVC
C
SARANEX-23
C
SARANEX-23 2-PLY
C
TEFLON
C
VITON
C
VITON/CHLOROBUTYL
C
VITON/NEOPRENE
C
Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas of
unknown vapour concentrations or oxygen content. The wearer must be warned to
leave the contaminated area immediately on detecting any odours through the
respirator. The odour may indicate that the mask is not functioning properly, that the
vapour concentration is too high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because of
these limitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is considered
appropriate.
* CPI - Chemwatch Performance Index
A: Best Selection
B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion
C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion
NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, a final
selection must be based on detailed observation. * Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, factors such as
'feel' or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice of gloves which might otherwise
be unsuitable following long-term or frequent use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted.
SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance
Physical state
Text
Compressed Gas
Relative density (Water = 1)
0.74
Odour
Not Available
Partition coefficient
n-octanol / water
Odour threshold
Not Available
Auto-ignition temperature
(°C)
Not Available
pH (as supplied)
Not Available
Decomposition
temperature
Not Available
Melting point / freezing
point (°C)
Not Available
Viscosity (cSt)
Not Available
Initial boiling point and
boiling range (°C)
-78.5
Molecular weight (g/mol)
Not Available
Flash point (°C)
Evaporation rate
Flammability
-28.5
Not Available
Taste
Not Available
Not Available
Explosive properties
Not Available
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.
Oxidising properties
Not Available
Not Available
Upper Explosive Limit (%)
7.1
Surface Tension (dyn/cm or
mN/m)
Lower Explosive Limit (%)
1.2
Volatile Component (%vol)
Not Available
Gas group
Not Available
Vapour pressure (kPa)
Not Available
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Solubility in water (g/L)
Not Applicable
Vapour density (Air = 1)
Not Available
pH as a solution (1%)
Not Available
VOC g/L
Not Available
SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity
Chemical stability
See section 7
Presence of a stabilising inhibitor prevents/retards peroxide formation.
Product is considered stable and hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Possibility of hazardous
reactions
See section 7
Conditions to avoid
See section 7
Incompatible materials
See section 7
Hazardous decomposition
products
See section 5
SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Information on toxicological effects
Inhaled
The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified by EC Directives using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation, of the material,
especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress.
Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of coordination and
vertigo.
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the
individual.
Diethyl ether has pronounced narcotic / anaesthetic effect and a severe acute inhalation exposure may cause rapid loss of consciousness. If exposure is
continued respiratory paralysis and possible death may follow. At 200 ppm, mild nasal irritation occurs, and at 2,000 ppm, dizziness may be experienced.
Minor vapour exposure may produce headache, nausea, vomiting. Ether anesthesia can result in vomiting at the end of anesthesia, caused by a direct irritation
of the gastric mucosa.
Concentrations ranging from 100,000 ppm to 150,000 ppm are required to produce anaesthesia however exposures to these concentrations may be fatal due to
respiratory arrest.
Diethyl ether has an irritant action on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, it stimulates salivation and increases bronchial secretion; laryngeal spasm
may occur. It causes vasodilation which may lead to a severe fall in blood pressure, it reduces blood flow to the kidneys and increases capillary bleeding. The
bleeding time is unchanged but the prothrombin time may be prolonged.
Leucocytosis occurs after ether anesthesia and convulsions occasionally occur in children or young adults under deep ether anesthesia. Recovery is slow from
prolonged anesthesia and postoperative vomiting commonly occurs. Acute overdosage of ether is characterized by respiratory failure followed by cardiac
arrest.
Isolated cases of centrilobular liver necrosis and fatty degeneration of liver lobular are described, but a typical damage of liver or kidney tissue is not reported.
Ether anesthesia can result in a metabolic acidosis followed by hyperglycaemia
Material is highly volatile and may quickly form a concentrated atmosphere in confined or unventilated areas. The vapour may displace and replace air in
breathing zone, acting as a simple asphyxiant. This may happen with little warning of overexposure.
The use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure and an irritating atmosphere developing. Before starting
consider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation.
Ingestion
Skin Contact
Eye
Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious
damage to the health of the individual.
Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material either produces inflammation of the skin in a substantial number of individuals following
direct contact, and/or produces significant inflammation when applied to the healthy intact skin of animals, for up to four hours, such inflammation being present
twenty-four hours or more after the end of the exposure period. Skin irritation may also be present after prolonged or repeated exposure; this may result in a
form of contact dermatitis (nonallergic). The dermatitis is often characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling (oedema) which may progress to
blistering (vesiculation), scaling and thickening of the epidermis. At the microscopic level there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer of the skin
(spongiosis) and intracellular oedema of the epidermis.
The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition
Toxic effects may result from skin absorption
Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material
Entry into the blood-stream through, for example, cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the
skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
Although the material is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may produce transient discomfort
characterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation.
Serious damage (clear functional disturbance or morphological change which may have toxicological significance) is likely to be caused by repeated or
prolonged exposure. As a rule the material produces, or contains a substance which produces severe lesions. Such damage may become apparent following
direct application in subchronic (90 day) toxicity studies or following sub-acute (28 day) or chronic (two-year) toxicity tests.
Exposure to the material may cause concerns for human fertility, generally on the basis that results in animal studies provide sufficient evidence to cause a
strong suspicion of impaired fertility in the absence of toxic effects, or evidence of impaired fertility occurring at around the same dose levels as other toxic
effects, but which are not a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects.
Chronic
Exposure to the material may cause concerns for humans owing to possible developmental toxic effects, generally on the basis that results in appropriate
animal studies provide strong suspicion of developmental toxicity in the absence of signs of marked maternal toxicity, or at around the same dose levels as other
toxic effects but which are not a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects.
Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.
Diethyl ether is used as a medical anaesthetic. While medically 'safe', the hazard is high volatility and high potential of vapour explosion, fire.
Abuse of ether by repeated inhalation may lead to `ether habit', with symptoms resembling chronic alcoholism. Repeated exposures by workers in industry (often
intentional) produced loss of appetite, exhaustion, headache, sleepiness, dizziness, excitation and psychic disturbances. Albuminuria and polycythemia may
also result. A degree of tolerance may be acquired
On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed that the material may produce carcinogenic or mutagenic effects; in respect of the
available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactory assessment.
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Chronic inhalation or skin exposure to n-hexane may cause peripheral neuropathy, which is damage to nerve ends in extremities, e.g. fingers, with loss of
sensation and characteristic thickening. Nerve damage has been documented with chronic exposures of greater than 500 ppm. Improvement in condition does
not immediately follow removal from exposure and symptoms may progress for two or three months. Recovery may take a year or more depending on severity of
exposure, and may not always be complete. Exposure to n-hexane with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) will accelerate the appearance of damage, but MEK alone will
not cause the nerve damage. Other isomers of hexane do not cause nerve damage. [Source: Shell Co.]
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying with cracking, irritation and possible dermatitis following.
Chronic solvent inhalation exposures may result in nervous system impairment and liver and blood changes. [PATTYS]
Chronic exposure to alkyl ethers may result in loss of appetite, excessive thirst, fatigue, and weight loss
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
Not Available
Not Available
Starting Fluid
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >14280 mg/kg
diethyl ether
[2]
Inhalation (mouse) LC50: 31000 ppm/30M
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 73000 ppm/2 hr
Eye (rabbit): 100 mg - moderate
[2]
Skin (rabbit):360 mg (open)-mild
[2]
Oral (rat) LD50: 1200 mg/kg [1]
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >3301.5 mg/kg
n-hexane
[1]
Eye(rabbit): 10 mg - mild
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 48000 ppm/4hr[2]
Oral (rat) LD50: 15847.2 mg/kg [1]
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
n-heptane
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 103 mg/L/4hr
[2]
Not Available
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >3.9 mg/l/4hr
[2]
Not Available
[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >4.7 mg/l/4hr[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >5 mg/l/4hr[1]
naphthenic distillate, light,
hydrotreated (severe)
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >5.2 mg/l/4hr[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >5.3 mg/l/4hr[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 10.5 mg/l/4hr[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 5.7 mg/l/4hr[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 9.6 mg/l/4hr[1]
Oral (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg [1]
TOXICITY
cyclohexane
IRRITATION
Inhalation (mouse) LC50: 70 mg/L/2hr
[2]
Skin(rabbit): 1548 mg/48hr - mild
Oral (rat) LD50: 12705 mg/kg [2]
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 12124 mg/kg [2]
Eye (rabbit): 2mg/24h - SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >26700 ppm/1hr[2]
Eye (rabbit):0.87 mg - mild
toluene
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 49 mg/L/4hr
Oral (rat) LD50: 636 mg/kg
[2]
[2]
Eye (rabbit):100 mg/30sec - mild
Skin (rabbit):20 mg/24h-moderate
Skin (rabbit):500 mg - moderate
Legend:
DIETHYL ETHER
1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified data
extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
The material may produce severe skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure, and may produce a contact dermatitis (nonallergic). This form of
dermatitis is often characterised by skin redness (erythema) thickening of the epidermis.
Histologically there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer (spongiosis) and intracellular oedema of the epidermis. Prolonged contact is unlikely,
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given the severity of response, but repeated exposures may produce severe ulceration.
N-HEXANE
NAPHTHENIC DISTILLATE,
LIGHT, HYDROTREATED
(SEVERE)
CYCLOHEXANE
TOLUENE
The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
The materials included in the Lubricating Base Oils category arerelated from both process and physical-chemical perspectives;
The potential toxicity of a specific distillate base oil isinversely related to the severity or extent of processing the oil hasundergone, since:
The adverse effects of these materials are associated with undesirable components, and
The levels of the undesirable components are inversely related to the degree of processing;
Distillate base oils receiving the same degree or extent of processing will have similar toxicities;
The potential toxicity of residual base oils is independent of the degree of processing the oil receives.
The reproductive and developmental toxicity of the distillate base oils is inversely related to the degree of processing.
Unrefined & mildly refined distillate base oils containthe highest levels of undesirable components, have the largest variation ofhydrocarbon molecules and
have shown the highest potential carcinogenic andmutagenic activities. Highly and severely refined distillate base oils areproduced from unrefined and mildly
refined oils by removing or transformingundesirable components. In comparison to unrefined and mildly refined baseoils, the highly and severely refined
distillate base oils have a smaller rangeof hydrocarbon molecules and have demonstrated very low mammalian toxicity.Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity testing
of residual oils has been negative,supporting the belief that these materials lack biologically active componentsor the components are largely non-bioavailable
due to their molecular size.
Toxicity testing has consistently shown that lubricating base oilshave low acute toxicities. Numerous tests have shown that a lubricating baseoil’s mutagenic
and carcinogenic potential correlates with its 3-7 ringpolycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) content, and the level of DMSO extractables(e.g. IP346 assay), both
characteristics that are directly related to thedegree/conditions of processing
Highly and Severely Refined Distillate Base Oils
Acute toxicity: Multiple studies of theacute toxicity of highly & severely refined base oils have been reported.Irrespective of the crude source or the method or
extent of processing, theoral LD50s have been observed to be >5 g/kg (bw) and the dermal LD50s haveranged from >2 to >5g/kg (bw). The LC50 for inhalation
toxicity rangedfrom 2.18 mg/l to> 4 mg/l.
When tested for skin and eye irritation, the materials have beenreported as “non-irritating” to “moderately irritating”
Testing in guinea pigs for sensitization has been negative
Repeat dose toxicity: . Severalstudies have been conducted with these oils. The weight of evidence fromall available data on highly & severely refined base
oils support thepresumption that a distillate base oil’s toxicity is inversely related to thedegree of processing it receives. Adverse effects have been reported
with eventhe most severely refined white oils - these appear to depend on animal speciesand/ or the peculiarities of the study.
The granulomatous lesions induced by the oral administration of white oils are essentially foreign body responses. The lesions occur only in rats, of which
the Fischer 344 strain is particularly sensitive,
The testicular effects seen in rabbits after dermal administration of a highly to severely refined base oil were unique to a single study and may have been
related to stress induced by skin irritation, and
The accumulation of foamy macrophages in the alveolar spaces of rats exposed repeatedly via inhalation to high levels of highly to severely refined base oils
is not unique to these oils, but would be seen after exposure to many water insoluble materials.
Reproductive and developmental toxicity: Ahighly refined base oil was used as the vehicle control in a one-generationreproduction study. The study was
conducted according to the OECD TestGuideline 421. There was no effect on fertility and mating indices in eithermales or females. At necropsy, there were no
consistent findings and organweights and histopathology were considered normal by the study’s authors.
A single generation study in which a white mineral oil (a food/drug grade severely refined base oil) was used as a vehicle control isreported. Two separate
groups of pregnant rats were administered 5 ml/kg(bw)/day of the base oil via gavage, on days 6 through 19 of gestation. In oneof the two base oil dose groups,
three malformed foetuses were found amongthree litters The study authors considered these malformations to be minor andwithin the normal ranges for the
strain of rat.
Genotoxicity:
In vitro (mutagenicity): Severalstudies have reported the results of testing different base oils formutagenicity using a modified Ames assay Base oils with no or
lowconcentrations of 3-7 ring PACs had low mutagenicity indices.
In vivo (chromosomal aberrations):A total of seven base stocks were tested in male and female Sprague-Dawley ratsusing a bone marrow cytogenetics assay.
The test materials were administeredvia gavage at dose levels ranging from 500 to 5000 mg/kg (bw). Dosing occurredfor either a single day or for five
consecutive days. None of the base oilsproduced a significant increase in aberrant cells.
Carcinogenicity: Highly& severely refined base oils are not carcinogens, when given either orallyor dermally.
The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:
NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.
Bacteria mutagen
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce a contact dermatitis (nonallergic). This form of dermatitis is often
characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling the epidermis. Histologically there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer (spongiosis) and
intracellular oedema of the epidermis.
For toluene:
Acute Toxicity
Humans exposed to intermediate to high levels of toluene for short periods of time experience adverse central nervous system effects ranging from headaches
to intoxication, convulsions, narcosis, and death. Similar effects are observed in short-term animal studies.
Humans - Toluene ingestion or inhalation can result in severe central nervous system depression, and in large doses, can act as a narcotic. The ingestion of
about 60 mL resulted in fatal nervous system depression within 30 minutes in one reported case.
Constriction and necrosis of myocardial fibers, markedly swollen liver, congestion and haemorrhage of the lungs and acute tubular necrosis were found on
autopsy.
Central nervous system effects (headaches, dizziness, intoxication) and eye irritation occurred following inhalation exposure to 100 ppm toluene 6 hours/day for
4 days.
Exposure to 600 ppm for 8 hours resulted in the same and more serious symptoms including euphoria, dilated pupils, convulsions, and nausea . Exposure to
10,000-30,000 ppm has been reported to cause narcosis and death
Toluene can also strip the skin of lipids causing dermatitis
Animals - The initial effects are instability and incoordination, lachrymation and sniffles (respiratory exposure), followed by narcosis. Animals die of respiratory
failure from severe nervous system depression. Cloudy swelling of the kidneys was reported in rats following inhalation exposure to 1600 ppm, 18-20 hours/day
for 3 days
Subchronic/Chronic Effects:
Repeat doses of toluene cause adverse central nervous system effects and can damage the upper respiratory system, the liver, and the kidney. Adverse effects
occur as a result from both oral and the inhalation exposures. A reported lowest-observed-effect level in humans for adverse neurobehavioral effects is 88 ppm.
Humans - Chronic occupational exposure and incidences of toluene abuse have resulted in hepatomegaly and liver function changes. It has also resulted in
nephrotoxicity and, in one case, was a cardiac sensitiser and fatal cardiotoxin.
Neural and cerebellar dystrophy were reported in several cases of habitual 'glue sniffing.' An epidemiological study in France on workers chronically exposed
to toluene fumes reported leukopenia and neutropenia. Exposure levels were not given in the secondary reference; however, the average urinary excretion of
hippuric acid, a metabolite of toluene, was given as 4 g/L compared to a normal level of 0.6 g/L
Animals - The major target organs for the subchronic/chronic toxicity of toluene are the nervous system, liver, and kidney. Depressed immune response has
been reported in male mice given doses of 105 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Toluene in corn oil administered to F344 male and female rats by gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks, induced prostration, hypoactivity, ataxia, piloerection, lachrymation, excess salivation, and body tremors at doses 2500 mg/kg. Liver, kidney, and heart
weights were also increased at this dose and histopathologic lesions were seen in the liver, kidneys, brain and urinary bladder. The no-observed-adverse effect
level (NOAEL) for the study was 312 mg/kg (223 mg/kg/day) and the lowest-observed-adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the study was 625 mg/kg (446
mg/kg/day) .
Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity
Exposures to high levels of toluene can result in adverse effects in the developing human foetus. Several studies have indicated that high levels of toluene can
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also adversely effect the developing offspring in laboratory animals.
Humans - Variable growth, microcephaly, CNS dysfunction, attentional deficits, minor craniofacial and limb abnormalities, and developmental delay were seen
in three children exposed to toluene in utero as a result of maternal solvent abuse before and during pregnancy
Animals - Sternebral alterations, extra ribs, and missing tails were reported following treatment of rats with 1500 mg/m3 toluene 24 hours/day during days 9-14
of gestation. Two of the dams died during the exposure. Another group of rats received 1000 mg/m3 8 hours/day during days 1-21 of gestation. No maternal
deaths or toxicity occurred, however, minor skeletal retardation was present in the exposed fetuses. CFLP Mice were exposed to 500 or 1500 mg/m3 toluene
continuously during days 6-13 of pregnancy. All dams died at the high dose during the first 24 hours of exposure, however none died at 500 mg/m3. Decreased
foetal weight was reported, but there were no differences in the incidences of skeletal malformations or anomalies between the treated and control offspring.
Absorption - Studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that toluene is readily absorbed via the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption
through the skin is estimated at about 1% of that absorbed by the lungs when exposed to toluene vapor.
Dermal absorption is expected to be higher upon exposure to the liquid; however, exposure is limited by the rapid evaporation of toluene .
Distribution - In studies with mice exposed to radiolabeled toluene by inhalation, high levels of radioactivity were present in body fat, bone marrow, spinal
nerves, spinal cord, and brain white matter. Lower levels of radioactivity were present in blood, kidney, and liver. Accumulation of toluene has generally been
found in adipose tissue, other tissues with high fat content, and in highly vascularised tissues .
Metabolism - The metabolites of inhaled or ingested toluene include benzyl alcohol resulting from the hydroxylation of the methyl group. Further oxidation
results in the formation of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. The latter is conjugated with glycine to yield hippuric acid or reacted with glucuronic acid to form
benzoyl glucuronide. o-cresol and p-cresol formed by ring hydroxylation are considered minor metabolites
Excretion - Toluene is primarily (60-70%) excreted through the urine as hippuric acid. The excretion of benzoyl glucuronide accounts for 10-20%, and
excretion of unchanged toluene through the lungs also accounts for 10-20%. Excretion of hippuric acid is usually complete within 24 hours after exposure.
Acute Toxicity
Carcinogenicity
Skin Irritation/Corrosion
Reproductivity
Serious Eye
Damage/Irritation
STOT - Single Exposure
Respiratory or Skin
sensitisation
STOT - Repeated Exposure
Mutagenicity
Aspiration Hazard
Legend:
– Data available but does not fill the criteria for classification
– Data available to make classification
– Data Not Available to make classification
SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxicity
Ingredient
Endpoint
Test Duration (hr)
Species
Value
Source
diethyl ether
LC50
96
Fish
62.152mg/L
3
diethyl ether
EC50
48
Crustacea
1378.63mg/L
5
diethyl ether
EC50
96
Algae or other aquatic plants
255.098mg/L
3
diethyl ether
EC50
384
Crustacea
14.587mg/L
3
n-hexane
LC50
96
Fish
1.674mg/L
3
n-hexane
EC50
48
Crustacea
3877.65mg/L
4
n-hexane
EC50
96
Algae or other aquatic plants
3.089mg/L
3
n-hexane
EC50
8
Algae or other aquatic plants
0.3mg/L
4
n-heptane
LC50
96
Fish
0.854mg/L
3
n-heptane
EC50
48
Crustacea
0.64mg/L
2
n-heptane
EC50
96
Algae or other aquatic plants
1.323mg/L
3
n-heptane
EC50
384
Crustacea
0.213mg/L
3
n-heptane
NOEC
504
Crustacea
0.17mg/L
2
naphthenic distillate, light,
hydrotreated (severe)
EC50
48
Crustacea
>1000mg/L
1
naphthenic distillate, light,
hydrotreated (severe)
EC50
96
Algae or other aquatic plants
>1000mg/L
1
naphthenic distillate, light,
hydrotreated (severe)
EC50
96
Algae or other aquatic plants
>1000mg/L
1
naphthenic distillate, light,
hydrotreated (severe)
NOEC
504
Crustacea
>1mg/L
1
cyclohexane
LC50
96
Fish
1.967mg/L
3
cyclohexane
EC50
48
Crustacea
0.9mg/L
2
cyclohexane
EC50
72
Algae or other aquatic plants
3.4mg/L
2
cyclohexane
EC50
384
Crustacea
0.485mg/L
3
cyclohexane
NOEC
72
Algae or other aquatic plants
0.9mg/L
2
toluene
LC50
96
Fish
0.0073mg/L
4
toluene
EC50
48
Crustacea
3.78mg/L
5
toluene
EC50
72
Algae or other aquatic plants
12.5mg/L
4
toluene
BCF
24
Algae or other aquatic plants
10mg/L
4
toluene
EC50
384
Crustacea
1.533mg/L
3
toluene
NOEC
168
Crustacea
0.74mg/L
5
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
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Catalogue number: 68
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Starting Fluid
Version No: 2.4
Legend:
Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data
Harmful to aquatic organisms.
For n-heptane:
log Kow : 4.66
Koc : 2400-8100
Half-life (hr) air : 52.8
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 2.9-312
Henry's atm m3 /mol: 2.06
BOD 5 if unstated: 1.92
COD : 0.06
BCF : 340-2000
log BCF : 2.53-3.31
Environmental fate:
Photolysis or hydrolysis of n-heptane are not expected to be important environmental fate processes. Biodegradation of n-heptane may occur in soil and water, however volatilisation and adsorption
are expected to be more important fate processes. A high Koc (2400-8200) indicates n-heptane will be slightly mobile to immobile in soil. In aquatic systems n-heptane may partition from the water
column to organic matter in sediments and suspended solids. The bioconcentration of n-heptane may be important in aquatic environments. the Henry's Law constant suggests rapid volatilisation
from environmental waters and surface soils. The volatilisation half-lives from a model river and a model pond (the latter considers the effect of adsorption) have been estimated to be 2.9 hr and 13
days, respectively.
n-Heptane is expected to exist entirely in the vapour phase in ambient air. Reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere have been shown to be important (estimated
half-life of 2.4 days calculated from its rate constant of 7.15x10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C). Data also suggests that night-time reactions with nitrate radicals may contribute to the
atmospheric transformation of n-heptane, especially in urban environments. n-Heptane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be
susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight
An estimated BCF of 2,000 using log Kow suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Based on 100% degradation after 4 days in water inoculated with gasoline
contaminated soil and 100% degradation after 25 days in water inoculated with activated sewage sludge, biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process for n-heptane in water.
Ecotoxicity:
Fish LC50 (48 h): goldfish (Carrasius auratus) 4 mg/l; golden orfe (Idus melanotus) 2940 mg/l; western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) 4924 mg/l
Daphnia LC50 (24 h): >10 mg/l
Daphnia EC50 (96 h): 82 mg/l (immobilisation)
Opposum shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) LC50 (96 h): 0.1 mg/l
Snail EC50 (96 h): 472 mg/l
Most ethers are very resistant to hydrolysis, and the rate of cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond by abiotic processes is expected to be insignificant.
Direct photolysis will not be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm
For n-hexane:
log Kow: 3.17-3.94
BOD 5 if unstated: 2.21
COD: 0.04
ThOD: 3.52
Environmental fate:
Transport and Partitioning: Thephysical properties of n-hexane that affect its transport andpartitioning in the environment are: water solubility of 9.5 mg/L; log[Kow](octanol/water partition
coefficient), estimated as 3.29; Henry’s law constant,1.69 atm-m3 mol; vapor pressure, 150 mm Hg at 25 C; and log[Koc] in the rangeof 2.90 to 3.61. As with many alkanes, experimental methods
for the estimationof the Koc parameter are lacking, so that estimates must be made based ontheoretical considerations.
The dominant transport process from water is volatilization. Basedon mathematical models the half-life for n-hexane in bodies ofwater with any degree of turbulent mixing (e.g., rivers) would be
less than 3hours. For standing bodies of water (e.g. small ponds), a half-life no longerthan one week (6.8 days) is estimated Based on the log octanol/water partitioncoefficient (i.e. log[Koc]) and
the estimated log sorption coefficient (i.e.log[Koc]) n-hexane is not expected to become concentrated in biota.A calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 453 for a fathead minnow
furthersuggests a low potential for n-hexane to bioconcentrate orbioaccumulate in trophic food chains.
In soil, the dominant transport mechanism for n-hexanepresent near the surface probably is volatilisation (based on its Henry’s lawconstant, water solubility, vapor pressure, and Koc). While its
estimated Kocvalues suggest a moderate ability to sorb to soil particles, n-hexanehas a density (0.6603 g/mL at 20 C) well below that of water and a very lowwater solubility of 9.5 mg/L. n-Hexane
would, therefore, be viewedas a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL), which would suggest a low potentialfor leaching into the lower soil depths since the n-hexane wouldtend to float on the top
of the saturated zone of the water table. n-Hexanewould generally stay near the soil surface and, if not appreciably sorbed intothe soil matrix, would be expected eventually to volatilise to the
atmosphere.Exceptions would involve locations with shallow groundwater tables where therewere large spills of hexane products. In such cases, the n-hexanecould spread out to contaminant a
large volume of soil materials.
Air: n-Hexanedoes not absorb ultraviolet (UV) light at 290 nm and is thus not expected toundergo direct photolysis reactions. The dominant tropospheric removalmechanism for n-hexane is
generally regarded to be decomposition byhydroxyl radicals. Calculations assuming typical hydroxyl radicalconcentrations suggest a half-life of approximately 2.9 days. While n-hexanecan react
with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone precursors under controlledlaboratory conditions, the smog-producing potential of n-hexane isvery low compared to that of other alkanes or chlorinated
VOCs. Hydroxyl ionreactions in the upper troposphere, therefore, are probably the primarymechanisms for n-hexane degradation in the atmosphere. As with mostalkanes, n-hexane is resistant to
hydrolysis
Water: Although few data are availabledealing explicitly with the biodegradation of n-hexane in water,neither hydrolysis nor biodegradation in surface waters appears to be rapidcompared with
volatilization. In surface waters, as in the atmosphere, alkanessuch as n-hexane would be resistant to hydrolysis. Biodegradationis probably the most significant degradation mechanism in
groundwater. Theability of Pseudomonas mendocina bacteria to metabolise n-hexanein laboratory microcosms simulating groundwater conditions has been documented.Mixed bacterial cultures as
well as pure cultures are documented as capable ofmetabolizing n-hexane under aerobic conditions. In general, linearalkanes (such as n-hexane) are viewed as the most readily
biodegradablefractions in petroleum , particularly when oxygen is present in solution. Onceintroduced into groundwater, n-hexane may be fairly persistentsince its degradation by chemical
hydrolysis is slow and opportunities forbiodegradation may be limited under anoxic conditions or where nutrients suchas nitrogen or phosphorus are in limited supply.
Sediment and Soil: The mostimportant biodegradation processes involve the conversion of the n-hexaneto primary alcohols, aldehydes and, ultimately, into fatty acids. Similarprocesses are
encountered with other light hydrocarbons such as heptane. Ingeneral, unless the n-hexane is buried at some depth within a soilor sediment, volatilisation is generally assumed to occur at a much
more rapidrate than chemical or biochemical degradation processes. Once introduced intodeeper sediments, n-hexane may be fairly persistent.
Ecotoxicity:
Fish LC50 (96 h): Oncorhyncus mykiss 4.14 mg/l; Pimephalespromelus 2.5 mg/l (flow through); Lepomis macrochirus 4.12 mg/l
Daphnia EC50 (48 h): 3.87 mg/l
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Persistence and degradability
Ingredient
Persistence: Water/Soil
Persistence: Air
diethyl ether
LOW
LOW
n-hexane
LOW
LOW
n-heptane
LOW
LOW
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
HIGH
HIGH
cyclohexane
HIGH (Half-life = 360 days)
LOW (Half-life = 3.63 days)
toluene
LOW (Half-life = 28 days)
LOW (Half-life = 4.33 days)
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
Page 14 of 17
Catalogue number: 68
Starting Fluid
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Print Date: 09/02/2017
Version No: 2.4
Bioaccumulative potential
Ingredient
Bioaccumulation
diethyl ether
LOW (BCF = 9.1)
n-hexane
MEDIUM (LogKOW = 3.9)
n-heptane
HIGH (LogKOW = 4.66)
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
HIGH (BCF = 2500)
cyclohexane
LOW (BCF = 242)
toluene
LOW (BCF = 90)
Mobility in soil
Ingredient
Mobility
diethyl ether
LOW (KOC = 4.395)
n-hexane
LOW (KOC = 149)
n-heptane
LOW (KOC = 274.7)
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
LOW (KOC = 23030)
cyclohexane
LOW (KOC = 165.5)
toluene
LOW (KOC = 268)
SECTION 13 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste treatment methods
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.
It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.
Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.
Consult State Land Waste Authority for disposal.
Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site.
Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
Product / Packaging
disposal
SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION
Labels Required
Marine Pollutant
NO
Land transport (DOT): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code
Not Applicable
SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION
Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture
DIETHYL ETHER(60-29-7) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by the IARC
Monographs
US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants
US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits
US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Massachusetts - Right To Know Listed Chemicals
US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)
US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List
US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List I and II Regulated Chemicals
US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Chemical Substance Inventory
N-HEXANE(110-54-3) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
Catalogue number: 68
Page 15 of 17
Starting Fluid
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
Print Date: 09/02/2017
Version No: 2.4
US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants
US - California OEHHA/ARB - Chronic Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs
(CRELs)
US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
US - Washington Toxic air pollutants and their ASIL, SQER and de minimis emission values
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits
US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Massachusetts - Right To Know Listed Chemicals
US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)
US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List
US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
US ATSDR Minimal Risk Levels for Hazardous Substances (MRLs)
US Clean Air Act - Hazardous Air Pollutants
US EPA Carcinogens Listing
US EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List
US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1
US Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for Airborne Contaminants
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Chemical Substance Inventory
N-HEPTANE(142-82-5) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants
US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits
US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Massachusetts - Right To Know Listed Chemicals
US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)
US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List
US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
US EPA Carcinogens Listing
US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1
US Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for Airborne Contaminants
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Chemical Substance Inventory
NAPHTHENIC DISTILLATE, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED (SEVERE)(64742-53-6.) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by the IARC
Monographs
US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants
US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants
US - California Proposition 65 - Carcinogens
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits
US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Massachusetts - Right To Know Listed Chemicals
US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)
US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List
US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens
US National Toxicology Program (NTP) 14th Report Part A Known to be Human Carcinogens
US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1
US Priority List for the Development of Proposition 65 Safe Harbor Levels - No Significant Risk
Levels (NSRLs) for Carcinogens and Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs) for
Chemicals Causing Reproductive Toxicity
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Chemical Substance Inventory
CYCLOHEXANE(110-82-7) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants
US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits
US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Massachusetts - Right To Know Listed Chemicals
US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)
US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List
US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
US - Washington Toxic air pollutants and their ASIL, SQER and de minimis emission values
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
US CWA (Clean Water Act) - List of Hazardous Substances
US EPA Carcinogens Listing
US EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List
US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Chemical Substance Inventory
TOLUENE(108-88-3) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
Page 16 of 17
Catalogue number: 68
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
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Starting Fluid
Version No: 2.4
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by the IARC
Monographs
US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants
US - California - Proposition 65 - Priority List for the Development of MADLs for Chemicals
Causing Reproductive Toxicity
US - California OEHHA/ARB - Acute Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs (RELs)
US - California OEHHA/ARB - Chronic Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs
(CRELs)
US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants
US - California Proposition 65 - Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs) for Chemicals
Causing Reproductive Toxicity
US - California Proposition 65 - No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) for Carcinogens
US - California Proposition 65 - Reproductive Toxicity
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits
US - Idaho - Acceptable Maximum Peak Concentrations
US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Massachusetts - Right To Know Listed Chemicals
US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)
US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-2)
US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List
US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
US - Washington Toxic air pollutants and their ASIL, SQER and de minimis emission values
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants
US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z-2 Acceptable ceiling concentration,
Acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hr shift
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens
US ATSDR Minimal Risk Levels for Hazardous Substances (MRLs)
US Clean Air Act - Hazardous Air Pollutants
US CWA (Clean Water Act) - List of Hazardous Substances
US CWA (Clean Water Act) - Priority Pollutants
US CWA (Clean Water Act) - Toxic Pollutants
US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List I and II Regulated Chemicals
US EPA Carcinogens Listing
US EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List
US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1
US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z2
US Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for Airborne Contaminants
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Chemical Substance Inventory
Federal Regulations
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
SECTION 311/312 HAZARD CATEGORIES
Immediate (acute) health hazard
Yes
Delayed (chronic) health hazard
Yes
Fire hazard
Yes
Pressure hazard
Yes
Reactivity hazard
No
US. EPA CERCLA HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES (40 CFR 302.4)
Name
Reportable Quantity in Pounds (lb)
Reportable Quantity in kg
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis-
100
45.4
Hexane
5000
2270
Benzene, hexahydro-
1000
454
Benzene, methyl-
1000
454
State Regulations
US. CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65
WARNING: This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm
US - CALIFORNIA PREPOSITION 65 - CARCINOGENS & REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY (CRT): LISTED SUBSTANCE
Soots, tars, and mineral oils (untreated and mildly treated oils and used engine oils), Toluene Listed
National Inventory
Status
Australia - AICS
Y
Canada - DSL
Y
Canada - NDSL
N (toluene; diethyl ether; n-heptane; naphthenic distillate, light, hydrotreated (severe); cyclohexane; n-hexane)
China - IECSC
Y
Europe - EINEC / ELINCS /
NLP
Y
Japan - ENCS
Y
Korea - KECI
Y
New Zealand - NZIoC
Y
Philippines - PICCS
Y
USA - TSCA
Y
Legend:
Y = All ingredients are on the inventory
N = Not determined or one or more ingredients are not on the inventory and are not exempt from listing(see specific ingredients in brackets)
SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION
Other information
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using
available literature references.
Continued...
Chemwatch: 9-341225
Catalogue number: 68
Page 17 of 17
Starting Fluid
Issue Date: 09/02/2017
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Version No: 2.4
The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other
settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
Definitions and abbreviations
PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average
PC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer
ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations
OSF: Odour Safety Factor
NOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect Level
LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
LOD: Limit Of Detection
OTV: Odour Threshold Value
BCF: BioConcentration Factors
BEI: Biological Exposure Index
This document is copyright.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of privatestudy, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, nopart may be reproduced by any process without written permission
fromCHEMWATCH.
TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
end of SDS