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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY ge·og·ra·phy 1 : a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface Source-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary 2 IN PLAIN ENGLISH Geography is the study of the earth and everything on it. 3 Here are the 5 themes Movement Region Human-Environment interaction Location Place 4 MOVEMENT •Movement includes the movement of people, things, goods, as well as communications (the movement of ideas). •We can describe a place by the type of Communications, the main forms of Transportation, as well as what goods are exported and imported. These all come under the heading of movement. 5 MOVEMENT Things to think about. Movement -- What are the patterns of movement of people, products, and information? A study of movement includes learning about transportation or movement used by people, an area's major exports and imports, and communicate or movement of ideas. 6 Movement MOVEMENT ~more~ THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, GOODS, AND IDEAS How are people transported in this city? How are goods transported in this city? What are they? Who depends on them? How are ideas transported in this city? (e.g. communication) 9 REGION Regions are areas that can be grouped or united together by a set of things special or common to that region. We have countries, ruled by governments, areas speaking the same language, or having the same religion, and we have areas served by a particular service, such as a school district. 10 REGION-Things to think about. Regions -- How can Earth be divided into regions for study? Regions can be defined by a number of characteristics including area, language, political divisions, religions, and vegetation (for example, grassland, marshland, desert, rain forest). 11 REGION ~more~ THE STUDY OF REGIONS What other regions are there in the United States besides this one? How are they different? How do these regions change over time? (Descriptions of regions can include information about the physical or cultural characteristics. Physical refers to mountains, deserts, climates, etc. Cultural refers to history, religion, and language.) 13 . HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS This is about the relationship between people and their environment, or how they work together. It answers a lot of important questions: What effects have the people had on their environment? How has the environment affected them, do they depend on it for anything? What changes have they made to their environment to make it easier to live in? 14 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS How people have been changed by the environment can be called Adaptation. It is the way humans change to suit their environment. An example of this is people who live in very cold climates wearing well-insulated clothes to keep warm. It can also include the way people transport things, in a desert the best way to transport some things is by camel. 15 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS How the environment has been changed or Modification is the way people change their environment to suit themselves. Artificially watering your lawn, if you live in a dry area is one example, or on a grander scale, creating fertile land in desert areas to grow food crops. Another good example is clearing forests to make room for growing crops. 16 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS How people depend on the environment is when people Depend or on their environment for something. Examples of this are using trees for firewood, or coal to warm us in winter, rivers to transport goods and natural resources like oil and coal, to sell or exchange for other needed items that are not available. 17 HEI Human-Environment Interaction or how and why people change their surroundings. HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION ~more~ HOW PEOPLE RELATE TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT What commodities do people depend on from, and in this area? How do people in Texas adapt to their environment in terms of what they wear and how they build their homes? How do people in this city modify their environment to accommodate them? (e.g. building dams, changing landscapes) 20 LOCATION Tells you exactly where a place is on the earth or map yYou can only find what you want if you know from where you are starting. It's useful, though, for describing things. If I just told you that New York was located at 40o North, 73o West, you probably couldn't picture that in your head. If I told you that it was in the North-Eastern United States, you could probably imagine it much better. 21 LOCATION Absolute location is shown by an address or with latitude and longitude. The address can be any type of address that gives an exact position. It is sometimes called specific location Here are some examples: A Street Address: 1, Yo Momma Street, Anywhere Town, Nowhere Place A Map Address: 15o20' North, 20o15' West 22 Absolute Location LOCATION Relative location is shown by saying where something is in relation to somewhere or something else. It is also known as general location. Here are some examples: ten minutes away by train in front of the bank 24 Relative Location 6.1A 6.17 B Relative Location The teacher parking lot is to the east of the school. 6.1A 6.17 B Relative location : a location to help you find an absolute location . LOCATION LOCATION ~more~ What is our Middle School’s exact latitude and longitude? What is San Antonio location in relation to other major cities? What is San Antonio’s relative location compared to Austin? 27 PLACE It is a description of what makes that place different to others. If I was trying to tell you about the bedrooms in a house, and I wanted to explain to you exactly which one I meant, I could say, "the one with two beds and one window". If the other rooms had only one bed each, or two windows, then you could easily tell which room I meant. Place -- What makes a place different from other places? Differences might be defined in terms of climate, physical features, or the people who live there and their traditions (cultural). 28 PLACE ~more~ Physical differences, or characteristics, include things that occur naturally, such as mountains, rivers, type of soil, wildlife, climate etc. I might say that a place is flat with rich soil and many rivers. I'm still being vague, but already you can see a picture of it in your head, and maybe even begin to imagine what the land is used for. Human differences, or characteristics, are things that have changed due to people, such as roads and buildings, how people live and their traditions. This is where you can really go to town in your description. You can discuss the cities, lifestyle, culture and all sorts of other interesting facts that make the place you are talking about different and special. 29 PLACE ~more~ What physical characteristics exist in this city such as plant and animal life? What cultural (human) characteristics are typical of this city? Which ethnic, religious, or political groups live here? 31 Quiz About The Five Themes of Geography Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a geography theme? A. movement B. human-environmental interaction C. region D. race Hint: MR. HeLP 33 Question 2 Which of the following is an example of Human-Environmental Interaction? A. getting the mail B. watching TV C. playing Gameboy D. Rainforest Clearing 34 Question 3 Which of the following helped create the 5 Themes of Geography? A. Geographica Institute B. National Geographic Society C. National Council for Social Studies D. Social Studies Teachers of America 35 Question 4 Which of the following is an example of PLACE ? A. Deep South B. McDonalds C. Dodge County Middle School D. Skating rink Hint: physical or human 36 Question 5 Which of the following is NOT an example of Location? A. Springfield, Missouri B. C. Georgia D. the hills Kitty Hawk Middle School 840 Old Cimarron Trail Universal City, Texas 78148 Hint: absolute or relative 37 Question 6 Which of the following is an example of region? A. Georgia B. South America C. United States D. The Midwest 38 Question 7 What is the name of a person who studies the earth and everything on it? A. Photographer B. Cartographer C. Geographer D. Mapographer 39 Key 1) D 2) D 3) B 4) A 5) B 6) D 7) C 40 SUMMARY Making Sense of it All Now that you have found out a little about the five themes, how can you use them? Imagine for a minute that you are a newspaper reporter. An important discovery of a lost land has been made, and you have the chance to be the first person to interview the returning explorers. Make a list of the questions that you might ask. Remember, the five themes and ask the most important questions from each. Here are some questions to get you started: Where is it? Where exactly is that? What does it look like? How many people live there and where? What settlements (cities, villages) does it have? What sort of climate does it have? Does it have any extremes of weather? Is it prone to any type of natural disaster? What are the natural resources and how are they used? What type of agriculture is there? What are the main types of transportation and communication? What makes the people there different to people in other places? What sort of government does it have? Is it associated with any other place? 41