Download Cell Test Study Guide

Cell Test Study Guide
1. What is a prokaryote? A cell without a nucleus. (Bacteria)
2. What is a eukaryote? A cell with a nucleus. (Plant and animal cells)
3. What are the 5 cellular parts that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells share?
Cytoskeleton, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, DNA
4. What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes: unicellular, mobile, no nucleus Eukaryotes: multicellular, immobile,
nucleus
5. Who were the first two scientists to describe cells and what did they observe?
Robert Hooke- Observed cells in cork.
Antony VanLeeuwenhoek-Observed
bacteria from his mouth.
6. What are the three parts to the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function
in cells. Cells arise from existing cells.
7. What is the cell membrane made out of?
A phospholipid bilayer
8. What kind of proteins are involved with the cell membranes? (Hint: There are 3)
Transport Proteins, Receptor proteins, enzymes
9. What term describes how the cell membrane is constantly moving?
Fluid Mosaic Model
10. What role do carbohydrates play in the cell membrane?
Identify and mark the cell. They attach to proteins in the cell membrane.
11. What is the function of DNA?
Stores information for the cell.
12. What is the function of a ribosome? Make a protein.
13. What is the function of the cytoskeleton? Provide structure for the cell.
14. Why is it essential for a cell to have a large surface area to volume ratio? More
surface area means there is more room to move things in and out of the cell. A
small volume means that not as many nutrients are needed.
15. Why is pH important to cells? pH affects enzymes. If it is the wrong pH the cell
could stop functioning. DNA can also unravel.
16. What is an acid? A proton donor. Donates H+ ions to water. pH 1-6
17. What is a base? A proton acceptor. Donates OH- ions to water. pH 8-14
18. If I gave you a liquid with a pH of 10, what would you consider it, an acid or
base? Base
19. Define diffusion.
The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration
across a semi-permeable membrane.
20. Define osmosis. The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
21. Diffusion helps carry particles across the cell membrane. Why is this important?
Nutrients can enter the cell without using any energy.
22. What does osmosis do for cells? Helps maintain the cell’s shape.
23. Tell me what happens to a cell in the following solutions:
a. Hypertonic- The cell shrivels.
b. Isotonic-The cell remains the same shape.
c. Hypotonic-The cell swells up and explodes.
24. The cell membrane is selectively-permeable, what does that mean? It only lets
certain things into the cell.
25. What is an organelle? A “mini” organ. A functioning unit of the cell.
26. Describe the function of each of the following organelles:
a. Mitochondria- Provides energy for the cell by doing cell respiration.
b. Cell membrane- Provides a boundary for the cell. Lets things in and out.
c. Nucleus- Controls the cells activity. Holds DNA.
d. Gogi Apparatus-Packages and sends proteins.
e. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Transports proteins around the cell.
f. Lysosome-Breaks down waste.
g. Microtubules-Transports messages from DNA out to the cell. Provides
structure.
h. Cytoplasm- The liquid that fills the cell. Like the air we breathe. Allows
nutrients to dissolve in it for easier transportation.
i. Chloroplast- Does photosynthesis. Provides the cell with sugars that it can
use for energy. (In plants)
j. Vacuole- Stores water in plants.
k. Ribosome- Makes proteins. In the cytoplasm and attached to the rough
ER.
l. Vesicle-moves nutrients around the cell.
27. What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump? Pumps sodium out of the
cell to prevent water from rushing in.
28. What is active transport? Transport across the cell membrane that uses energy.
Ex: sodium-potassium pump.
29. What is passive transport? Transport across the cell membrane that does not use
energy. Ex: Protein channels.
30. What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Cell wall-protection
Chloroplast-make sugar Vacuoles- store water
31. When looking at a cell, how can you tell if it is a plant cell or animal cell?
Plant cells are square and animal cells are round.
32. Be able to identify the major parts of an animal cell and plant cell. You need your
coloring sheet for this.