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Human immune system
The human immune system protects the body from foreign molecules such as
bacteria, viruses, toxins, and parasites that invade the body and may cause harm. The
immune system consists of highly specialized cells as well as a circulatory system that is
separate from the blood vessels in order to rid the body of infection. The immune
system functions by being able to recognize molecules that are not "self"; that is to say
molecules that are not a part of any proteins normally produced in the human body. The
cells of the immune system that perform this function are lymphocytes, which exist in
two forms: T cells and B cells. B cells make antibodies, which can bind to a foreign molecule and trigger many responses to destroy the invader. T cells can be subdivided into
two groups: T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill
foreign cells directly through membrane-to-membrane contact while T helper cells aid
helper cells help B cells to generate antibodies in the humoral immune response, they
help cytotoxic T lymphocytes in killing foreign cells, and they release lymphokines
which produce activation signals within the immune system. The T helper cells are particularly important because they play an integral role in ALL immune responses.
Unique ingredient of GLYCOMUNE
Natural glycopeptides
organism immune system response which is related to the changes in organism’s
immune cell functional activity. Majority of the diseases are connected with high death
rate factor or high activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and thymidine
kinase (TK). In case of many oncologic diseases and their metastases (colorectal, gastric,
breast, uterine, ovarian and other), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic pancreatitis, psoriases, malaria, and virus infection diseases (hepatitis A, B and C, HIV infections, herpes and encephalitis) direct proportionate link with high GGTP activity has
been detected. In order to strengthen the immune system and lower the activity of
GGTP and TK, immunomodulators made of natural raw materials can be used. New generation of immunomodulators has been developed and produced in Latvia. They are
called natural glycopeptides that are extracted from the cell walls of lactic acid bacteria
L. Helveticus and L.bulgaricus.
Rapid development of technology for production of lactic acid bacteria, and its
use as a food supplement for prevention of various diseases, created a growing interest
acid bacteria.That is reason why group of Latvian scientists coloboration with Latvian
HONESTUM
tion of natural soluble glycopeptides containing a main structural unit disaccharidedipeptide from lactic acid bacteria’s cell wall using natural food grade starting materials
Glycopeptides
Macrophages
Natural
killer
T helper
cells B cells
Membrane of foreign body
showthat during phagocytosis of grampositive
bacteria ( lactic acid bacteria ) the enzymes of
macrophages split peptidoglucans of such bacteria and form glycopeptides containing disaccharide- dipeptide, with following secretion of
glycopeptides in the environment. It has been
proven that glycopeptides are constantly delivered from gastro-intestinal tract into the body
environment and they are natural regulators of
the immunity.The presence of glycopeptides
was found in mother’s milk and such products
which are very healthy. If stimulation of immune
system can be achieved with a help of live probiotic bacteria, why use natural glycopeptides?
The answer is very simple : for probiotic bacteria
it has to be absorbed and split by macrophages,
thus producing glycopeptides. This means that
macrophages must have a full set of well functioning enzymes. In case of the immune system
disorders the functional activity of macrophages is very low, what leads to very low ability
to split peptidoglucans and produce glycopeptides containing disaccharide- dipeptide. Under
such circumstances the whole intact live bacteis why it is essential to deliver already prepared
soluble glycopeptides into the blood stream
and stimulate the immune system.
Advantages of Glycomune
All Glycomune products contain glycopeptides that boost the
The unique ingredient of Glycomune products is glycopeptides
that are extracted from lactic acid bacteria by special technologies.
Glycomune glycopeptides have strong immune boosting
properties.
of lactic acid bacteria.
Glycomune glycopeptides in contact with blood cells create
complex defence mechanisms against various infectious agents.
The main ingredients of Glycomune are glycopeptides,
selenium yeast, beta-glucans, inulin, live lactic acid
bacteria and vitamin C
1. Glycopeptides are pentapeptides bound with disaccharides that are extracted
from the cell walls of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus bul-
to waste energy on digesting the bacteria and extracting the glycopeptides out of
them. It is highly relevant in cases of serious diseases when the immune system of
the organism is weak and unable to produce enzymes that are digesting lactic acid
1) Glycopeptides strengthen immune system via macrophages by activating
natural killer and B lymphocyte systems, as well as protect liver cells against various
viral diseases.
2) Thanks to the small size of glycopeptides, they block the cell receptors that
protect the cell against the virus. Glycopeptides can be used in unlimited quantities as
they are not cytotoxic.
2. Selenium yeast is composed of inactivated whole cell yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) containing elevated levels of the essential trace element selenium in its natural
food form, Selenomethionine. Lalmin Se is produced by growing yeast in the presence
of measured amounts of selenium. Live yeast cells absorb selenium biochemically
transforms it into Selenomethionine. Selenomethionine is naturally found in edible
plant protein and is highly bioavailable. It is the most suitable form of selenium for nutritional supplementation.
Selenium is and essential trace elements which occurs in cereals and primary in the
form of selement which occurs in cereals and primary form of selenomethionine, This
naturally occuring amino acid is well obsorbed and retained. From selenomethionine,
all other needed selenium compounds are produced in the body.
Selenium is an essential mineral in human nutrition. Selenium yeast is a natural dietary
selenium supplement with clinically proven physiological value in improving the selenium status in human.
•
Antioxidant – Selenium behaves voth as an antixidant and anti-inflammatory
agent. Antooxidant effect protects the cell membrane and intracellular structural
membranes from lipid peroxidation.
•
Immunostimulation – numerous studies suggest that deficiency ofselenium is
accompanied by loss of immunocompedence
•
viran infection - in a selenium-deficient host, harmless viruses can mutate into a
virulent form.
•
Selenium and HIV – selenium deficiency is linked to occurrence, virulence, and
disease progression of some viral infections (Coxsackie, HIV). Selenium deficiency is
associated with decreased lenght of survival in adults, children and drug users infected
with HIV. Selenium may have an mportant role in preventing HIV-1 viral replication.
•
Selenium and cancer – large-scale intervention trails conducted in China and the
USA. in China, selenium supplementation decreased the incidence of liver cancer by
35%. in the US, the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial (Clark Study JAMA 1996)
demostrated that the population receiving selenium yeast showed 50% lower total
cancer mortality and 37% lower total cancer incidence.
•
Control of thyroid hormone metabolism – the enzyme iodothyronine deiodonase has been identified as a selenoprotein.
•
reproduction – selenium is essential for male fertility, being required for
testesterone biosynthesis and the formation and normal development of sper
matozoa.
Several studies have shown that organic selenium such as high selenium yeast is more
bioavailable tha inorganic sources of selenium such as selenate or selenite. Elevations
of toxicity of different forms of selenium have shown that high selenium yeast is less
toxic than inorganic forms of selenium such as sodium selenate and selenite.
3. Beta-glucans are polysaccharides that are extracted from baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and various edible mushrooms (shiitake, maitake, chanterelles). The betaglucans extracted from shiitake mushrooms have unique healing capabilities. It is proved
by long history of fungo-therapy and clinical research in Europe, America and Russia. This
mushroom in Biochemistry is a sensation as two discoveries were made simultaneously
– the polysaccharide - lentinan (beta-glucan) that has unique anti tumor properties was
extracted, as well as volatile compounds (mushroom phytoncides) were extracted. Latter
The mechanism of action is similar to glycopeptides but much more complicated
as polysaccharides need to be enzymatically digested in the organism to oligosaccharides in order to enter the circulatory system. Then via macrophages and complement
is used during the recovery period after chemo or radio therapy; as well it helps against
metastasis.
4. Inulin is a natural polysaccharide which produces fructose as a result of hydrolysis.
Organism needs fructose 3 times less and it can substitute and oxidize sugar that is
essential for diabetes patients. Inulin has sorbent properties, it eliminates toxins, stimulates gastrointestinal motility, neutralizes free radicals, improves bile drainage from liver
and duodenum and so on. Inulin can be found in Jerusalem artichoke. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) has a lot of dry matter (up to 20%), that contains 80%
inulin or similar substance. Glycomune contains dry powder of Jerusalem artichoke as
the plant itself contains other valuable substances, such as fibers, minerals (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium, calcium and other), vitamins (group B),
amino acids, pectin, organic acids and fatty acids, polyacids (necessary for sugar oxidation), carotene and other useful substances for organism. Thanks to the properties of
Jerusalem artichoke, the powder of Jerusalem artichoke is the filler in Glycomune products.
5. Some strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus have been studied extensively for health
effects. L. acidophilus is able to survive gastrointenstinal transit, is resistant to bile and
low pH, as well as digestive enzymes. It is able to adhere to human epithelial cell lines and
human intestinal mucus. A blend of bacterial strains including L. acidophilus NCFM
decreased the incidence of pediatric diarrhea. L. acidophilus led to a significant decrease
in levels of toxic amines in the blood of dialysis patients with small bowel bacterial overgrowth. At adequate daily feeding levels, L. acidophilus may facilitate lactose digestion in
lactose-intolerant subjects. Antibiotics taken orally will also kill beneficial bacteria,
including L. Acidophilus. After a therapy that includes antibiotics, patients are occasionally instructed to take an L. acidophilus treatment in order to recolonize the gastrointestinal tract. L. acidophilus LA-5 produces bacteriocin CH5 that is both antibacterial and
inhibitory against certain yeasts and moulds and is effective against both Salmonella
Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni. It has been shown to improve bowel regularity
and has been shown to have a preventative effect against traveller's diarea, as well has
antibiotic related bowel issues. Because of its relation to gut- associated lymphoid tissue
(GALT) L. acidophilus LA-5 has been associated with positive effects on the immune
system such as increased cytokine, phagocytic activity and anti- body production, as well
as phagocytosis of Salmonella, and L. acidophilus NCFM has even been shown to reduce
incidence of symptoms of fever, cough and runny nose. Anti-inflammatory effects have
also been observed in people consuming L. acidophilus NCFM. Additionally L. acidophilus LA-5 has shown to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells, and positive effects on chemotherapy patients. An improvement of lipid metabolism has also be linked to L. acidophilus LA-5.