Download Packet # 4 Where does energy come from and where does it go? 4

Name
Class
Date
Packet # 4
Where does energy come from and where does it go?
4-1 What is Energy?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To recognize and describe kinetic and potential energy
events.
Key Terms
energy: the ability to make something happen
potential energy: stored energy
kinetic energy: energy of motion
Lesson Summary
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Energy is the ability to do work.
Both energy and work are expressed in units of joules (J).
Potential energy is stored energy.
One type of potential energy is gravitational potential energy.
The amount of gravitational potential energy stored in a sample of matter depends on its mass and
height.
• Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
• Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy + potential energy.
How does a YO-YO use potential and kinetic energy?
4-2 What are different forms of energy?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To identify and describe different forms of energy.
Lesson Summary
• There are seven types of energy: heat (thermal), light (electromagnetic), electrical, mechanical,
sound, nuclear, and chemical.
• The energy in moving things is mechanical energy (the sum of kinetic and potential energy).
• Electrical energy is in the form of moving electrons.
• Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that can travel through a vacuum.
• Heat energy is the energy of the moving particles that make up matter.
• Chemical energy is the energy that holds particles of matter together.
• Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of the atom.
• Sound energy is caused by an object’s vibrations traveling through matter.
What are some types of energy you can observe around you now?
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Energy and Work: CHAPTER 14
Lesson Notes, page 1
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Class
Date
4-3 How does energy change form?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To describe examples of energy transformations from
everyday life activities.
Key Terms
Energy transformation: a change of energy from one form to another.
Lesson Summary
• Energy can change from one form to another.
• Potential energy and kinetic energy often change form.
• Energy transformations help to make energy useful by changing energy into the form you need.
What energy transformations occur when you use a cell phone?
4-4 What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To recognize and describe situations that support the Law of
Conservation of Energy.
Key Terms
law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be made or destroyed, but only changed in form
Lesson Summary
• Because of friction, when energy changes form some of the energy always changes to heat.
• When waste heat energy escapes into the environment, it causes thermal pollution.
• The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only
changed in form.
• Einstein concluded that matter can be changed into energy, and energy can be changed into
matter.
Ask Mrs. Hudson what Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 means.
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Energy and Work: CHAPTER 14
Lesson Notes, page 2
Name
Class
Date
4-5 What are energy resources?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To describe energy sources and transformation of these
sources in daily life.
Key Terms
Energy resource: natural resource that can be converted into other forms of energy
Nonrenewable resources: energy sources that cannot be replaced
Renewable resources: energy sources that can be used and replaced
Lesson Summary
• Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources formed from the remains of ancient organisms. Coal,
petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels.
• Solar energy, wind energy, energy from water, and geothermal energy are renewable resources that
can be replaced in nature.
• The sun is the source of most energy on Earth.
When we burn fossil fuels, what was the source of the energy before these became “fossil fuels”?
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Energy and Work: CHAPTER 14
Lesson Notes, page 3
Name
Class
Date
4-6 What is Heat?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To explain how heat is a form of energy.
Key Terms
heat: energy of particles moving from warmer regions to cooler regions
convection: transfer of heat through a liquid or a gas
conduction: transfer of heat through direct contact between solid objects
radiation: transfer of heat by waves, like heat or light. Can even happen in outer space
conductors: substances that transfer heat or electricity
insulators: substances that do not easily transfer heat or electricity
Lesson Summary
• Heat is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample of matter.
• Heat energy moves from a warmer object to a cooler object until both objects have the same heat
energy.
4-7 What is temperature?
YOU WILL LEARN:
o To explain the difference between heat and temperature.
Key Terms
temperature: measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
Lesson Summary
• The measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample of matter is called
temperature.
• Heat and temperature are related, but not the same.
• When you add heat energy to a substance, you change its temperature.
• Two samples of the same substance may have the same temperature but not the same amount of
heat.
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Energy and Work: CHAPTER 14
Lesson Notes, page 4
Name
Class
Date
4-1 What is Energy?
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Energy and Work: CHAPTER 14
Lesson Notes, page 5
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Class
Date
Kinetic and Potential Energy Practice
Color code the following energy events in each of the 4 diagrams below
o Maximum Potential Energy
o Maximum Kinetic Energy
o Kinetic energy being converted to Potential energy
o Potential energy being converted to Kinetic energy
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Energy and Work: CHAPTER 14
Lesson Notes, page 6