Download Ch 13 Lecture Part 2

James A. Henretta!
Eric Hinderaker!
Rebecca Edwards!
Robert O. Self!
America’s History Eighth Edi(on America: A Concise History Sixth Edi(on CHAPTER 13 Part 2 Expansion, War, and Sec>onal Crisis 1844–1860 Copyright © 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
A. Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act
1. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
-Most controversial especially in North
-Resentment of slave catchers/violence
2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
-Helps fuel fire in North
-Personal Liberty Laws enacted in States to
make slaves citizens
SOUTHERNERS
RESPOND
§ Southerners threatened
secession and war
§ Believed it should be
enforced because the
Constitution protects
property and Federal law is
over State law.
§ 5th Amendment
§ Supremacy Clause
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
(1811 –
1896)
So this is the lady
who started the
Civil War.
-- Abraham
Lincoln
In the closing scenes of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel,
Uncle Tom’s brutal master, Simon Legree, orders the
$1200.00 slave savagely beaten (to death) by two fellow
slaves. Through tears and blood Tom exclaims,
“No! no! no! my soul ain’t yours Mas’r! You
haven’t bought it-----ye can’t buy it! It’s been
bought and paid for by One that is able to keep it.
No matter, no mater, you can’t harm me!” “I
can’t” said Legree, with a sneer; “we’ll see---we’ll see! Here, Sambo, Quimbo, give this dog
such a breakin’ in as he won’t get over this
month!”
Reading/Tom’s Cabin
Uncle
Tom’s
Cabin
1852
§  Sold 300,000
copies in
the first year.
§  2 million in a
decade!
§  Hit in Great
Britain
III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
B. The Whigs Disintegrate and New Parties Rise
1. Proslavery Initiatives
-Franklin Pierce wins in 1852 as pro-south
compromise Democrat and Whigs fall apart
Expansionist:
-Gadsden Purchase (Southern RR)
-Eyes on Cuba to expand
1852
Election
Results
Kansas-Nebraska Act,
1854
III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
B. The Whigs Disintegrate and New Parties Rise
2. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
-Stephen Douglas wants a northern terminus for the
transcontinental RR based in Chicago.
-Compromises with South:
-1) Create 2 New Territories of Kansas and Nebraska
-2) Popular Sov will decide slavery ?
-3) Gets Northern route
• Build a transcontinental RR
connecting California to the
East Coast either in the
South or North
• Stephen Douglas wanted
the railroad built in the North
but had to convince the
South otherwise.= Throw
them a bone!
• Proposed a plan that
Kansas and Nebraska
territories be opened up to
slavery in return for building
the railroad in the North.
• Popular Sovereignty
Kan. & Neb Act III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
B. The Whigs Disintegrate and New Parties Rise
3. The Republican Party
-Northern Whigs + Anti Nebraska Dems + Free
Soilers + Abolitionists=Republicans
-Anti Slavery, liberty, individualism
American or Know Nothing Party=
-Anti Immigrant and Anti-Catholic Party
-Order of the Star Spangle Banner= I know nothing
Free Soil Party
against the
expansion of
slavery
Democrats
opposed the
expansion of
slavery
Formed to stop
the expansion of
slavery
REPUBLICAN PARTY
National Republican
which become the Whigs.
Chart/Rep. Party Abolitionists
Know Nothing Party
against immigration
III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
B. The Whigs Disintegrate and New Parties Rise
4. Bleeding Kansas
-Problem of Pop Sov= 1000’s show up in Kansas
supporting both sides
-Missouri residents cross border= Pro Slavery
Border Ruffians
-Most of Kansas is Free Soil but intimidated
-Violence erupts
=John Brown and Lawrence
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border
“Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Map Bleeding Kan • Kansas/Nebraska Act
led to several acts of
violence between proslavery settlers and
anti-slavery settlers.
• First violent outbreaks
between north/south.
(Led by John Brown)
Attacks by free-states
Attacks by pro-slavery states
• First battles of the Civil
War begin in Kansas in
1856.
• Over 200 killed
• Violent abolitionist
• Involved in the
Bleeding Kansas
• Murdered 5 proslavery men in
Kansas
• Wanted to lead a slave
revolt throughout the
South by raising an
army of freed slaves
and destroying the
South.
“The Crime Against
Kansas”
Sumner-Brooks Affair
Sen. Charles
Sumner
(R-MA)
Congr. Preston
A Beat down in the office of the US Senate
Brooks
(D-SC)
III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
C. Buchanan’s Failed Presidency
1. The Election of 1856
-Need someone not tied to Kansas-Nebraska as it
is splitting us apart at the seams
Rep= John C. Fremont vs Dem= James Buchanan
-Democrats stay together one more time
1856
Election
Results
III. The End of the Second Party
System, 1850–1858
C. Buchanan’s Failed Presidency
2. Dred Scott: Petitioner for Freedom
-1857 case Dred Scott v Sanford
-Slave sues for freedom after living in North
-Taney Decision=
= Not a citizen- can’t sue
= Congress can’t prohibit slavery anywhere
= Any law or Compromise that does is null/void
North erupts in Anger……..won’t stand by decision as
Buchanan supports and then continues after Cuba.
• Slave from Missouri = Travels to
Illinois & Minnesota both free
states.
• His master died and Scott
wanted to move back to
Missouri---Missouri still
recognized him as a slave.
• Sues for Freedom= Free man.
• Court case went to the Supreme
Court for a decision-----National
issue
• Can a slave sue for his
freedom?
• Is a slave property?
• Is slavery legal?
Picture/Dred ScoD • Supreme Court hands
down the Dred Scott
decision
• North refused to enforce
Fugitive Slave Law
• Free states pass
personal liberty laws.
• Republicans claim the
decision is not binding
• Southerners call on the
North to accept the
decision if the South is to
remain in the Union.
Chart/Effect of ScoD • Slaves cannot sue the
U.S. for their freedom
because they are
property.
• They are not citizens
and have no legal right
under the Constitution.
• Supreme Court legalized
slavery by saying that
• Congress could not stop
a slaveowner from
moving his slaves to a
new territory
• Missouri Compromise
and all other
compromises were
unconstitutional
IV. Abraham Lincoln and the
Republican Triumph, 1858–1860
A. Lincoln’s Political Career
1. An Ambitious Politician
-Rags to Riches= Self Made Man
-Former Whig Congressman against spread of
slavery
2. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
-1858 challenges Douglas for Senator of Illinois
-7 debates against great orator
-House Divided
-Freeport Doctrine
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate)
Debates, 1858
A House divided
against itself,
cannot stand.
Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Popular
Sovereignty could work against the expansion of
slavery….. Southerners would not support Douglas
for the presidency in 1860
Stephen
Douglas
& the
Popular
Sovereignty Over
the Supreme
Court
Alienates
Southern
Democrats and
splits the Party.
IV. Abraham Lincoln and the
Republican Triumph, 1858–1860
B. The Union Under Siege
1. The Rise of Radicalism
South=
Moderates= defend rights and protect slavery
Fire-eaters= Anti Union and pro secession
North=
Radicals= John Brown
-1859 at Harpers Ferry = tries to incite huge slave
revolt
-Seen as a martyr in North by abolitionist
-Madman in the South
IV. Abraham Lincoln and the
Republican Triumph, 1858–1860
B. The Union Under Siege
North=
Radicals= John Brown
-1859 at Harpers Ferry = tries to incite huge slave
revolt
-Seen as a martyr in North by abolitionist
-Madman in the South
• Attacked a
U.S.
Ammunition
depot in
Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia in Oct.
of 1859 to
capture
weapons and
begin his
slave revolt.
• Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under
the leadership of Robert E. Lee
• Put on trial for treason.
• He was found guilty of treason
and sentenced to death.
• His last words were to this
effect: “I believe that the issue of
slavery will never be solved
unless through the shedding of
blood.”
• Northerners thought of John
Brown as a martyr to the
abolitionist cause.
• Southerners were terrified that if
John Brown almost got away with
this, there must be others like
him in the North who are willing
to die to end slavery.
Picture/J.Brown Hanging • South’s outcome: To leave the
U.S. and start their own country.
IV. Abraham Lincoln and the
Republican Triumph, 1858–1860
B. The Union Under Siege
2. The Election of 1860
-Democrats split=
-North= Douglas
-South= Breckenridge
-Compromise= Bell
-Republicans settle on Lincoln as a moderate
-Anti Slavery but Pro White superiority
-Doesn’t win a Southern State but wins EC
√ Abraham
Lincoln
Republican
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
John Bell
Constitutional
Union
1860
Presidential
Election
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat