Download Therapies - Wellness

Therapies
•Insight Therapies
•Relationship Therapies
•Behavior Therapies
•Cognitive Therapies
•Biological Therapies
•Evaluating the Therapies
•Culture- and Gender- Sensitive Therapies
Why Seek Therapy?
Approaches to Therapy
Therapy
Nature of
Psychopathology
Goal of
Therapy
Role of
Therapist
Role of
Role of
Unconscious Insight
Material
Techniques
Psychoanalytic
Maladjustment
reflects
inadequate
conflict resolution
and fixation in
early
development
Attainment of
maturity,
strengthened
ego functions,
reduced
control by
unconscious
or repressed
impulses.
An
investigator,
uncovering
conflicts and
resistances.
Primary in
classical
psychoanalysis,
less
emphasis in
ego analysis
Includes not
solely
intellectual
understanding
but also
emotional
experiences
Analyst takes
an active role in
interpreting the
dreams and
free
associations in
patients
Humanistic
Pathology reflects an
incongruity
between the real
self and the
potential, desired
self.
Overdependence
on others for
gratification and
self-esteem
To foster selfdetermination,
release human
potential,
expand
awareness
An
empathetic
person in
true
encounter
with client,
sharing
experiences.
Emphasis is
primarily on
conscious
experience
Used by many,
but there is
more
emphasis on
how and what
questions than
on why
questions
Client is asked
to see the world
from a different
perspective and
is encouraged
to focus on
current
situations rather
than past ones
Approaches to Therapy Continued
Therapy
Nature of
Psychopathology
Goal of
Therapy
Role of
Therapist
Role of
Role of
Unconscious Insight
Material
Techniques
Behavior
Symptomatic
behavior stems
from faulty
learning. The
symptom is the
problem; there is
no underlying
disease.
To relieve
symptomatic
behavior by
suppressing or
replacing
maladaptive
behaviors
A helper,
helping client
unlearn old
behaviors
and learn
new ones
No concern Irrelevant and
with
unnecessary
unconscious
processes
Clients learn
new responses;
purpose is to
establish new
behaviors and
eliminate faulty
or undesirable
ones
Cognitive
Maladjustment
occurs because
of faulty, irrational
thought patterns
To change the
way clients
think about
themselves
and the world
A trainer and
coinvestigator helping
the client
learn new,
rational ways
to think
about the
world and
self
Little or no
Irrelevant, but
concern with may be used if
unconscious it does occur
processes
Clients learn to
think situations
thorough
logically and to
reconsider
many of their
irrational
assumptions
Psychoanalysis
Insight Therapies
Humanistic therapy
Goal is self-actualization.
Person-centered therapy (non-directive therapy)
Gestalt therapy
Emphasizes experiencing feelings, thoughts, and
actions and then taking responsibility for them.
Directive therapy
Relationship Therapies
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Community Psychotherapy
Couple and family therapy
Group therapy
Self-help group
Psychodrama
Behavior Therapies
Based on Operant Conditioning:
Behavior modification
Token economies
Based on Classical Conditioning:
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
Exposure and Response prevention
Aversion therapy
Participant-Modeling
Cognitive Therapies
Rational Emotive
Therapy
Beck’s Cognitive
Therapy
The ABCs of Rational-Emotive Therapy
A (Activating Event)
Harry asked Sally to
the concert and
was turned down
without a reason
Harry believes Sally’s refusal caused his upset.
A causes C
B (Belief about event)
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS
“It’s terrible if I get turned down.”
“I’m humiliated.”
A (Activating Event)
Harry asked Sally to
the concert and
was turned down
without a reason
B (Belief about event)
RATIONAL BELIEFS
“If she doesn’t want to go out
with me, I will take someone else.
It’s too bad, but that’s life.”
C (Consequence)
Harry was shocked,
dejected, angry,
and depressed.
C (Consequence)
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS
Harry was shocked,
dejected, angry,
and depressed.
C (Consequence)
EMOTIONAL
CONSEQUENCE
Harry is somewhat
annoyed and
disappointed but is
looking forward to the
concert anyway.
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Illogical Ideas
Beck’s Therapy focuses on
changing this kind of thinking
E.g., tendency to
overgeneralize
setbacks
E.g., tendency to
explain away
positive
outcomes or
experiences
E.g., tendency to
magnify the
importance of
negative events
Negative
affect
Negative thoughts,
memories, and ideas
Depression
Biological Therapies
Drug Therapy
Antipsychotic drugs
Antidepressant drugs
Lithium
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
Psychosurgery
Dopamine
SSRI’s
Other Considerations in Therapy
 Training of therapist
 Cultural Sensitivity of
therapist
 Gender of therapist
 Listing of therapists:
http://www.find-atherapist.com/
 Psychology Today
Therapist Finder