Download Self test

Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
First modular unit
1-B-Rationale:
-The student will know definition of orthodontic , aim of
orthodontic .
- he will Know the relation of orthodontic to other dental
branches and types of orthodontic treatment.
1\C-Central idea:
Definition of orthodontic.
Aims of orthodontic treatment
Relation of orthodontic dentistry with surgery , periodontics,
operatives, radiological and prosthodontic.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\ Performance objectives:
After studying the first modular unit , the student will be able to :
1\Speak about orthodontics .
2\define some orthodontic terms.
3\ know the relation of orthodontic with other branches like operative,
surgery, periodontal.
4\know some terms of orthodontic dentistry.
Pre test:
Answer with true or false and correct the false one
1\orthodontic techniques concerned with treatment of irregularities of
the gum.
2\improvement of facial and dental esthetics, one of the aim of
orthodontic treatment.
3\ we shouldn’t always treat the caries tooth before orthodontic
treatment.
4\ the text:
Orthodontic: is that branch of dental science concerned with genetic
variation development and growth of facial form and in factors that affect the
teeth and associated organs.
Aims of orthodontic treatment
1-improvement of facial and dental esthetic.
2- aliment the teeth to eliminate stagnation area and improve oral hygiene.
3- elimination of premature contact.
4- elimination of traumatic irregularity.
5- aliment of prominent teeth that liable to trauma.
Self test 1\
Define orthodontics
Prognathisim : is the projection of the jaw from beneath the cranial base.
Phases of orthodontic treatment:
1\ preventive orthodontic: is the action of early preserving of any normal
structures at specific time, this include
a\early correction of caries lesion.
b\early breaking of bad habit.
c\using space maintainer to keep the space of early lost deciduous teeth.
2\ inter captive orthodontics: early recognize and eliminate potential
irregularities in teeth , jaw, lip…
3\ corrective orthodontics: correct the existing problem by certain technical
procedure (removable appliance).
Inter relation between orthodontic and other branches of dentistry
1st: Orthodontic and operative dentistry
All teeth should be treated from caries lesion and the orthodontic appliance
should be placed on healthy teeth.
2nd: orthodontic and radiology
orthodontic diagnostic depend on certain radio graph like O.P.G or
cephalometric.
3rd:orthodontic and prosthesis
Some time need to constrict partial denture after the treatment.
4th: orthodontic and surgery
some cases need extraction before the treatment
5th: orthodontic and periodontics
Before any orthodontic treatment patient need scaling and polishing
Self test 2\
What is the relation between the orthodontics and surgery
The following are some terms used in dentistry
genetic = ‫وراثي‬
healthy= ‫صحي‬
correction= ‫تصليح‬
deciduous teeth = ‫أسنان لبنية‬
caries= ‫تسوس‬
bad habit= ‫عادة مضرة‬
extraction= ‫قلع‬
Post test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false
1: the mean relation between orthodontic and periodontal is to make
periodontal operation before the treatment
2: one of the goal of orthodontic treatment is to make aliment of
prominent teeth which are liable to be damaged
3:orthodontic treatment may need radiographic picture like O.P.G
Key answer
Pre test
1:F . irregularities of teeth
2:T
3:F . we should always treat all the teeth before orthodontic
treatment.
Self test 1\ orthodontic: is that branch of dental science concerned
with genetic variation development and growth of facial form and in
factors that affect the teeth and associated organs.
Self test 2\ some cases of orthodontic need extraction before the
treatment
Post test:
1:F. to make scaling and polishing before orthodontic treatment
2:T
3:T
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Second modular unit
1\B-Rational :
The student will know about occlusion, definition of occlusion
centric occlusion, type of occlusion , centric relation.
And he will know about type of occlusion in orthodontic,
characteristic of normal occlusion.
1\C-Central idea:
- Definition of occlusion, normal occlusion and centric occlusion.
-Definition of centric relation and type of orthodontic occlusion.
- Characteristic of normal occlusion
- some orthodontic terms.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\ performance objectives:
After studying the 3rd modular unit , the student will be able to :
1\Speak about orthodontics
2\define some orthodontic terms.
3\ know about the occlusion , type of occlusion and centric relation
between the two jaw.
Pre test:
answer with F or T and correct the false one:
1:centric relation is the most protruded position of the condyle of
the mandible in the glenoid fossa of the skull.
2:alveolarbone is part of maxilla and mandible containing tooth.
3:rest position when the muscles of mandible show maximum
activity .
The text:
Occlusion: the relationship between upper and lower teeth.
Ideal occlusion: is hypothetical concept based on the anatomy of the
teeth
Normal occlusion : an occlusion which satisfy the requirement of
function and esthetic but in which there are minor irregularities of
individual teeth.
Centric occlusion: is the maximum intercuspation of the upper and
lower teeth when the mandible in centric relation.
Element of occlusion :
1- T.M.J tempromandibular joint
2_ teeth
3- neuromuscular
Self test 1\ define normal occlusion
Type of occlusion in orthodontic :
Ideal occlusion: is based on morphology of teeth not present in nature.
normal occlusion: is an occlusion with in the accepted deviation of the
ideal occlusion .
Characteristic of normal occlusion :
1\ dental arches are regular in form
2\ normal relationship between upper and lower dental arches
3\all teeth are present
4\cokect proximal contact between adjacent teeth (no space)
5\ the cusps of upper posterior overlap the lower post. Teeth
6\ normal over bite and over jet
7\ normal angulations of each tooth to the dental arch
Centric relation: the relationship between the mandible and maxilla when the
condyle are the most retroded position in the glenoid fossa.
Over jet : relationship between upper and lower incisors in horizontal plane
Over bite: over lap of lower incisor by the upper incisor in vertical plane
And it classified in to
Complete over bite :lower incisor contact upper incisor or palatal mucosa.
Incomplete overbite: lower incisor contact neither the upper incisor nor the
palatal mucosa.
Anterior open bite: upper incisor don't overlapped lower incisor and don't
occlude on them.
Cross bite: atranceverse discrepancy in arch relationship in which the lower
arch wider than the upper.
Scissors bite: lingual cross bite of lower teeth.
Self test 2:give the difference between the complete and incomplete over
bite
Post test :
Answer with T or F and correct the false one
1:crossbite is transverse relation between lower and upper arches
2: the T.M.J is not element of occlusion
3:all teeth must be present for normal occlusion
Key answer:
Pre test:
1:F , is most retroded position
2:T
3:F, show minimum activity
Self test\1:
Normal occlusion : an occlusion which satisfy the requirement of
function and esthetic but in which there are minor irregularities of
individual teeth.
Self test 2\
Complete over bite :lower incisor contact upper incisor or palatal
mucosa
Incomplete overbite: lower incisor contact neither the upper incisor
nor the palatal mucosa
Post test:
1\F. transverse discrepancy relation ship
2\F. T.M.J is one of the most part of occlusion
3\T.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967.
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Third modular unit
1\B- Rational:
The patient will know about occlusion at birth ,characteristic of dental
arch in new born baby.
Will know about sequences of eruption of deciduous teeth and
sequences of eruption of ugly dug ling stage.
1\C-central idea:
Dentition at birth Definition of neonatal teeth
Definition of leeway space and ugly dug ling stag -
2\performance objective:
After studying the 4th modular unit the student will be able to:
1\ define the dentition at birth
2\ know about lee way space.
3\ define the ugly dug ling stage and the time it will appear.
4\ understand some orthodontic terms
Pre test :
answer F or T and correct the false
1\there are 12 primary teeth
2\lee way space is abnormal phenomena appear during the primary
dentition
3\ugly dug ling stage appear at 8-9 years old
The text:
Dentition at birth
1: in every arch there are 10 elevation represent the site of primary teeth this
called gum pad
2: the upper gum pad have an over jet is very clear interiorly
3: vertical space exist between upper and lower gum this space filled with
tongue
4: the palate is very shallow and nearly flat
Neonatal tooth: rarely child may be born with an incisor or 2 incisor in his
mouth this is normal condition some time need to move it if it is harmful to
the mother during the breast feeding.
Primary space : is that space that present mesial to the upper deciduas
canine and distal to the lower deciduous canine.
Self test 1\ define neonatal tooth
Lee way space: it is normal phenomena the complained mesiodistal width of
c+d+e is more than the complained mesiodistal width of 3+4+5 , in the upper
arch it about 0,9 and in the lower is 1,7 mm in each side.
Ugly dug ling spase : is the transient malocclusion occurs in about 8-9 years
old due to developing of upper canine which cause mesial displacement of
root of incisor and diverging of the crown.
Self test 2\Which age that ugly dug ling stage occurs?
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
complain=‫شكوى‬
displacement root=‫جذر يخرج من مكانه‬
occur=‫يظهر‬
stage=‫مرحلة‬
normal =‫طبيعي‬
condition= ‫حالة‬
Post test:
Answer with true or false and correct the false.
1\leeway space occurs between the teeth a-b-c
2\during the dentition of birth the palate is very shallow and
nearly flat
3\ugly dug ling space is a difficult malocclusion
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\F. there are 10 primary dentition
2\ F. it is normal phenomena
3\ T
Self test 1\
Neonatal tooth: rarely child may be born with an incisor or 2 incisor in
his mouth this is normal condition some time need to move it if it is
harmful to the mother.
Self test 2\about 8-9 years
Post test:
1\F. between c.d.e
2\T
3\ F. is transient malocclusion
References
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Fourteenth modular
unit
1\B- Rational:
The student will know about the passive appliance and space
maintainer.
He will know about the type of space maintainer and
requirement of it .
Also advantage and disadvantage
1\C-Central idea:
Definition of passive appliance
Types of passive appliance including space maintainer
Requirement and type of space maintainer
Indication and contraindication of space maintainer.
Some orthodontic terms used in dentistry.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objectives:
After studying the fourteenth modular unit the patient will be able to :
1\ define passive appliance
2\ define space maintainer and know its types
3\ understand the requirement of space maintainer
4\ understand in what case need to use space maintainer.
Pre test:
answer with T or F and correct the false:
1\ space maintainer is one type of active appliance
2\ to prevent drifting of adjacent tooth we use space maintainer.
3\when the tooth is near the crest of the ridge we can use space
maintainer.
The text:
Passive appliance :
is that type of orthodontic appliances which has no any active component,
not applying any direct force on the teeth.
Types of passive appliance :
1. Retention appliance.
2. Space maintainer .
3. Habit breaker.
Space maintainer :
Its an appliance which maintained the mesio-distal width of the early lost
of primary tooth or early extraction permanent tooth.
Indication of space maintainer:
1. restoration of function and aesthetic
2. To prevent drifting of adjacent teeth and over eruption of opposing
teeth.
3. prevent caries and periodontal damage.
4. prevent ectopic eruption of the teeth.
Contra indication of space maintainer:
1. when mesio-distal width of under lying permanent tooth is less than
present space.
2. when the tooth is near the crest of the ridge.
3. when the underlying permanent tooth is missing
4. when we want the adjacent tooth to drift forward.
Types of space maintainer:
A-Removable space maintainer
B-Fixed space maintainer(crown and bar)
Selftest1\What are the indication of space maintainer?
Advantage of Removable space maintainer
1. Loss of stress of remaining teeth.
2. Accelerate tooth eruption by tissue stimulation
3. it needs minimum supervision
4. can made it with artificial teeth for esthetic and function
5. easy to clean by patient
6. it prevent opposite teeth from over eruption so it maintain vertical
space.
7. keep tongue in bound (prevent tongue thrust)
8. room can be made for erupting teeth.
Disadvantage of removable space maintainer:
1. it may be lost
2. the patient may not wear it.
3. it can be broken
4. it may be irritate the soft tissue.
B- Fixed space maintainer
This type it is fixed in the patient mouth can not removed by the patient
Self test 2\ what are the disadvantage of removable space maintainer?
Parts of fixed space maintainer:
1. mental band or metal crown
2. Hovey gage wire
3. these two part are soldered and cemented on the teeth.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Permanent teeth=‫اسنان دائمية‬
Minimum=‫قليل‬
Maximum=‫كثير‬
Accelerate=‫يسرع‬
Tongue=‫لسان‬
Remain=‫يبقى‬
Post test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false
1\space maintainer can made with artificial teeth for esthetic and
function
2\ when the underlying permanent tooth is missing we can also use
space maintainer
3\ Habit breaker one of active appliance
Key answer :
Pre test:
1\F. one type of passive appliance
2\ T
3\ F. we can't use space maintainer
Self test 1\
1\restoration of function and aesthetic
2\To prevent drifting of adjacent teeth and over eruption of opposing teeth.
3\prevent caries and periodontal damage.
4\ prevent ectopic eruption of the teeth.
Self test 2\
1. it may be lost
2. the patient may not wear it.
3. it can be broken
4. it may be irritate the soft tissue.
Post test:
1\T.
2\F .we can't use space maintainer
3F. one of passive appliance
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Fifth modular unit
1\B-Rationale
The student will know about mal occlusion its definition and
etiology
He will know also the classification of malocclusion
1\C-Central idea:
Definition of malocclusion , type of malocclusion -classification of malocclusion Angle classification Canine classification Incisor classification -
Skeletal classification
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\ performance objective:
After studying the 5th modular unit the student will be able to:
1\ Speak about the malocclusion, and define malocclusion .
2\ he will know about all type of malocclusion .
3\know some orthodontic terms.
Pre test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false one
1\rotated tooth is one kind of tooth malocclusion
2\ canine classification is one of skeletal classification of malocclusion
3\class 1 canine classification when mesial slop of upper canine
occlude in distal slope of lower canine.
The text:
Mal occlusion : an occlusion in which there is irregularity of teeth beyond the
accepted range of normal.
Type of malocclusion:
1\ malposition of individual tooth ,tilted or inclined tooth
,displaced tooth, rotated tooth, trance posed, infra occlusion ,supraocclusion.
2\ malposition of dental arches
Classification of malocclusion
a\ dental classification
b\ skeletal classification
dental classification:
1\angle classification : using the the upper and lower 1st molars as guide
angle cl\ when mesio buccal cusp of upper 6 occlude on mesio buccal grove
of lower 6.
angle cII\ when the disto buccal cusp of upper 6 occlude on buccal grove, it
has 2 division
angle cII div 1\ it is cII with proclination of incisor
angle cII div2\ it is cII with retroclination of incisor may be one or two incisors.
Angle cIII\ the upper 6 occlude distally to lower 6.
2\ canine classification:
Cl\ when mesial slope of upper 3 occlude with distal slope of lower 3.
clI\ mesial slope of upper 3 occlude mesialy to distal slope of lower 3.
clII\when mesial slope of upper 3 occlude distally to distal slope of lower 3.
self test 1\give the 2 division of cII angle classification
3\ incisor classification:
cI \ lower incisor edge occlude with or below the cinculum of upper incisors.
cII div 1\ upper incisor procline.
cII div2\ upper incisor retrocline.
cIII\ lower incisor are anterior to upper incisor .
skeletal classification:
cI when upper basal bone slightly anterior to the lower.
cII lower basal bone is more posterior to upper.
cIII lower basal bone is anterior to upper .
self test 2\what is cII skeletal classification?
post test:
1\when disto buccal cusp of upper 6 occlude in buccal grove of lower 6
it is cI angle classification
2\upper incisor proclination with cII angle classification mean cII div 1.
3\mal occlusion mean malposition of teeth only
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
gingival=‫لثة‬
obvious=‫واضح‬
inferior =‫امامي‬
posterior=‫خلفي‬
occlusion =‫إطباق‬
Key answer:
Pre test :
1\T
2\ F. dental classification
3\ T
Self test 1\
angle cII div 1\ it is cII with proclination of incisor
angle cII div2\ it is cII with retroclination of incisor may be one or two incisors
self test 2\
cII lower basal bone is more posterior to upper.
post test\
1\F. cII angle classification
2\T
3\F. malposition of dental arch also
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Sixth modular unit
1\B-Rational:
The student will know about factors affected occlusion ,
general factors and local factors.
He will know about the individual malposition tooth.
1\C- central idea:
General factors affecting the dentition and cause
- malposition.
- Local factors that cause malpostion.
-Also some definitions and items related.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\performance objectives:
After studying the 6th modular unit the student will be able to know:
1\ the affect of hereditary and environmental factor affect the tooth
and the occlusion
2\ Know some orthodontic terms
3\Know some habit that affect the occlusion .
pre test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false.
1\ extra teeth usually present in midline regions.
2\ the most effect of malposition is the bad habit.
3\the most teeth that missing from the mouth is 1st molar.
The text :
General factors : affect the body in general and dento fasial complex like
1\ hereditary factors : genetics determine the skeletal pattern, dental factors
(size of tooth) and soft tissue factors.
2\ environmental factors :any trauma or drug that harm the fetus during the
intrauterine life may cause malposition.
Local factors: these include
a\Anomalies in numbers of tooth like:
1\ extra teeth most commonly found in mid line regions . 2\congenital
missing teeth usually upper lateral incisor and upper and lower premolars.
3\ Early loss of permanent teeth
4\ Premature loss of deciduous teeth
5\ Retained deciduous teeth
b\ Anomalies in shape or size of teeth
c\ bad habit.
self test 1\ what are the general factors affect the malpostion?
The most common bad habit are thump sucking and lip sucking, tongue
thrust.
the bad habit depend on:
Duration of bad habit
Force exerted by habit
Position of habit
d\ abnormal labial frenum:
if the liable frenum extruded from the inner surface of the lip to the middle of
alveolar bone this will lead to exert a lateral force to the central bone and this
will exert force on the central incisors and cause central diastema and this
treated by frenectomy.
Central diastema :spacing between 2 upper incisor and its etiology is:
1\ low liable frenum
2\missing or peg shaped lateral incisor
3\ supernumerary teeth
4\generalized spacing of upper liable segment
5\dilacerating of central incisor
6\median cyst
self test 2\ what are the factors that bad habit depend on?
Post test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false:
1\ congenital missing tooth usually the 1st premolar.
2\ one of the bad habit is swallowing
3\one of the local factors affect the malpostion is early lose of
deciduous teeth
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
near=‫قريب‬
amount=‫كمية‬
discussion=‫مناقشة‬
missing=‫مفقود‬
congenital=‫والدي‬
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\T
2\T
3\f. is upper lateral incisor and lower premolars.
Self test 1\
1: hereditary factors : genetics determine the skeletal pattern, dental factors
(size of tooth) and soft tissue factors.
2: environmental factors :any trauma or drug that harm the fetus during the
intrauterine life may cause malposition.
Self test 2\
Duration of bad habit
Force exerted by habit
Position of habit
Post test:
1\F. upper and lower premolar
2\F. lip sucking
3\T
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Seventh modular unit
1\B-Rationale:
The student will know about orthodontic
appliances , definitions, he will know about the
type of orthodontic appliance and Requirement
of orthodontic appliance.
1\C- central idea:
Orthodontic appliances and there types.
Requirement of orthodontic appliance.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objective:
After studying the seventh modular unit the student will
be able to:
1\define orthodontic appliance.
2\ know type of orthodontic appliance.
3\ know some orthodontic terms.
Pre test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false:
1\all type of passive appliance deals with movement of
teeth.
2\ active orthodontic appliance shouldn’t have anchorage
component.
3\there are 2 type of orthodontic appliance.
The text:
Orthodontic appliances divided in to two major types:
1 -passive appliance :
This type of appliance used to mentian the teeth in their new
position after treatment or to maintain space after early extraction
of deciduous teeth(space maintainer)
2-Active appliances :
these types of appliances responsible about movement of the
teeth. These appliances may be either incorporate active
component with in the appliance or transmit forces from another
sources
usually
muscle
of
mastication
or
circum
oral(musculature)
Both these two type classified in to :
1.
2.
3.
Removable orthodontic appliance
fixed orthodontic appliance
Fixed-removable orthodontic appliance
Self test\What are the 2 type of orthodontic appliance
Requirement of orthodontic appliances:
1.
AII appliances should be comfort table
2.
they should be well tolerated by oral tissues
3.
should be sufficiently rigid to stand up to stress of oral
function
4.
should be cleanable by the patient.
5.
should have good retention in the mouth
6.
active type should have force component
7.
active type should have anchorage component.
Some terms used in dentistry:
requirement =‫متطلبات‬
component=‫اجزاء‬
removable orthodontic appliance=‫جهاز تقويم متحرك‬
tolerated=‫ممكن تحمله‬
ideal =‫مثالي‬
rigid =‫صالبة‬
comfortable=‫مريح‬
Post test :
Answer with T or F and correct the F:
1\not all orthodontic type need anchorage component.
2\active component some time take the force from
surrounding muscles.
3\ all the orthodontic appliance should be well tolerated
by the oral tissue.
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\F . mentian the teeth in their new position after treatment or to
maintain space after early extraction of deciduous teeth(space
maintainer)
2\F. should have anchorage component
3\T
Self test\
1 -passive appliance :
This type of appliance used to mentian the teeth in their new
position after treatment or to maintain space after early extraction
of deciduous teeth(space maintainer)
2-Active appliances :
these types of appliances responsible about movement of the
teeth. These appliances may be either incorporate active
component with in the appliance or transmit forces from another
sources
usually
muscle
of
mastication
or
circum
oral(musculature)
post test:
1\T
2\T
3\T
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Eighth modular
unit
1\B-Rationale:
The student will know about the base of orthodontic
appliance ,its definition and extension.
He will know about anterior bite plane and posterior bite
plane.
Also material used to construct the base, types of material
and characteristic of material used.
1\C- central idea:
Definition of base plate major connectors.
Function of base plate and its extension.
Requirement of material used to construct the
base plate.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objectives:
After studying the eleventh modular unit, the student will be able
to:
1\ know about the base plate , its type and function.
2\ know about the material used and its advantage and
disadvantage.
3\ understand some orthodontic terms.
Pre test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false
1\ the base plate share the retention of orthodontic
appliance
2\base plate shouldn’t be extended distally beyond the last
tooth.
3\ cold cure hard to be prepare.
The text:
Base plate (major connector):
It is part of R.A. which is main function to provide base for the
other part of appliance, is Fabricated by the acrylic resin material
both(heat curing and cold curing).
Function of base plate:
1.
it is act the support to the support to the spring + hold
other part.
2.
hold retention part as Adam clasp.
3.
it may shear in the retention by fitting around the neck the
teeth.
4.
In some cases the base is modification to act as active part
like anterior bite plane, posterior bite plane).
5.
its give some anchorage and stability against rocking
anterio-posteriorly by covering all the soft tissue
6.
it protect springs it box in.
self test 1\what is the main function of base plate?
Type of Bite planes:
1.
Posterior bite plane: used for unlocking the occlusion to
move the teeth across the line of the opposing arch.
2.
Flat anterior bite plane: used for reducing incisor over bite.
3.
incline anterior bite plane: used for reducing incisor over
bite and for reinforcement teeth.
Extension of the base:
It should be closely fit around the teeth and as for distally as
possible(Distal to the last tooth in the arch).
This extension has double effects:
1.
prevent rocking of appliance.
2.
increase anchorage.
This extension should not extended distally in mid line to let a
relief for the tongue during speech and mastication also it should
be relieved interiorly where retraction of anterior teeth. The
thickness of base 1.5_2mm.
Requirement of material of the base:
1.
it should be cleanable.
2.
3.
4.
5.
resist oral fluid.
Rigid and strong to resist abrasion with opposite teeth.
Color stable.
Compatible with soft tissue.
Self test 2\what are the requirement of material used as base
plate?
Advantage of cold cure in construction of the base:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reduce working time.
reducing the chance for distorting the spring.
multi colors can be applied to motivate children.
Easy to be repaired.
Disadvantage tag of cold cure:
1. not strong as hot cure.
2. cannot be highly polished
3. high skill is need to adept uniform thickness.
4. Residual monomer cause tissue irritation.
5. Tendency to porosity.
6. color unstable.
Post test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false
1\ flat anterior bite plane used to decrees the incisor
over jet.
2\ the material used for constrict the base should be
resist the oral fluid.
3\base plate cannot use as active part at all.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry:
support=‫يدعم‬
reduce =‫يقلل‬
extension=‫امتداد‬
base=‫قاعدة‬
polish=‫صقل‬
prepare=‫يحضر‬
key answer:
Pre test:
1\T
2\F. should be extend distally to the last tooth in the arch
3\ F . easy to prepare
Self test 1\ the main function is to provide base for the other part of
appliance
Self test 2\
1\ it should be cleanable.
2\ resist oral fluid.
3\Rigid and strong to resist abrasion with opposite teeth.
4\Color stable.
5\ Compatible with soft tissue.
Post test:
1\ F .decrees anterior over bite
2\ T
3\F. can used as active part.
Reference:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Nineth modular unit
1\B- Rationale:
The student will know about the anchorage
,type of anchorage .
He will know about extra oral anchorage ,intra
oral anchorage and simple anchorage.
1\C- central idea:
Definition of anchorage
Type of anchorage
How can anchorage make
Some orthodontic terms
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objectives:
After studying the thirteenth modular unit ,the student can
be able to :
1\ know the type of anchorage
2\how can anchorage work
3\ can understand some orthodontic terms
Pre test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false one:
1\anchorage can made by putting Adam clasp on the un
moved tooth.
2\ inter maxillary elastic uses as anchorage
3\simple anchorage use to move small tooth.
The text:
Anchorage: the site of delivery from which force is exerted.
Anchorage can be provided by :
1.
placement of clasp or bows on teeth which are not being
moved
2.
contact of base with other teeth not being moved
3.
used of light force to move teeth
4.
movement of single tooth per quadrant
5.
uses of inter maxillary elastic
6.
uses of extra oral traction
self test\ what is the anchorage?
Type of Anchorage :
1.
Reciprocal anchorage: the movement of a two equally size
teeth one against the other(example central diastema)
2.
simple anchorage: movement of a small tooth
Against large one: example movement of lateral incisor against
molar
3.
Stationary anchorage: used in combination fixed and
removable obtained by palatal bar join molar bands.
4.
inter maxillary anchorage: movement of tooth or teeth in
one arch against tooth or teeth in other arch example: upper
and lower arch.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Fixed= ‫ثابت‬
Join=‫يربط‬
Depend= ‫يعتمد‬
Contact point= ‫نقطة التقاء بين سطحين‬
Equal size=‫نفس الحجم‬
Post test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false
1\anchorage make strong force to work
2\inter maxillary anchorage use to move tooth in one arch
against tooth in same arch
3\stationary anchorage: used in combination fixed and
removable
Key answer :
Pre test:
1\F. uses of inter maxillary elastic.
2\T.
3\T
Self test\: the site of delivery from which force is exerted
Post test:
1\F. light force to work
2\F. in the same arch
3\T.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Anchorage can be provided by :
1. placement of clasp or bows on teeth which are not being moved
2. contact of base with other teeth not being moved
3. used of light force to move teeth
4. movement of single tooth per quadrant
5. uses of inter maxillary elastic
6. uses of extra oral traction
Type of Anchorage :
5. Reciprocal anchorage: the movement of a two equally size teeth one against
the other(example central diastema)
6. simple anchorage: movement of a small tooth
Against large one: example movement of lateral incisor against molar
7. Stationary anchorage: used in combination fixed and removable
obtained by palatal bar join molar bands.
8. inter maxillary anchorage: movement of tooth or teeth or teeth in one
arch against tooth or teeth in other arch example: upper and lower
arch.
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Tenth
modular unit
1\B- Rationale:
The student will know about bad habit and its type ,also
factors affect bad habit.
He will know about the effect of bad habit on the dentition
and appliance used to treat it.
1\C- Central idea:
Definition of habit breaker
Types of bad habit
Effect of each one on teeth like thump sucking, and nail bite
And the factors that the bad habit depend on.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\ Performance objectives:
After studying the fifteenth modular unit, the student will be
able to :
1\Understand how can bad habit affect on the teeth and
cause malposition.
2\ know how to deal with bad habit and how can treat it.
3\ know some terms of orthodontic.
Pre test:
1\ nail bite can cause open bite
2\thump sucking can be treated by use of night guard.
3\thump sucking can cause cross bite.
The text:
Habit breakers:Bad habit:- any action which is repeated several time unconsciously by the
patient for feeling himself in the vest.
Bad habit is the most important etiological factors of mal occlusion because
they interfere with normal physiological function of oral cavity and apply
unwanted force on the teeth so we should stop (break ) these habit.
Types of bad habit:There are many types of bad habit the followings some of these .
1. thump or finger sucking
2. lip biting
3. tongue thrust
4. nail biting
5. bruxisim
effect of thump sucking :1. proclination of upper incisors
2. retroclination of lower incisors
3. open bite
4. collapse of plate
5. cross bite
6. increase over jet and reduce over bite
thumb sucking breaker :to break this habit may be fixed or removable appliance.
component points of removable thumb sucking habit breaker :-
1. Retention part ( Adams clasp )
2. acrylic base with spackles at anterior region of the base .
Self test1: what is the main types of bad habit?
Effect of lip bite and tongue thrust:1. proclination of upper incisors
2. retro clination of lower incisors
3. increase over jet and decrease over bite
4. anterior open bite
effect of nail bite:1. attrition of incisal elde
2. crowding of teeth
3. rotation of teeth
effect of bruixism:1. attrition of teeth
2. reduce vertical dimension
3. pain and click in T.M J
the effect of bad habit depend on some factors these factors :1. magnitude of force
2. direction of force
3. frequency ( duration ) of force
4. age of person
appliance used to brake bruxisim:
bruxisim braeked by night guard acrylic bite.
Self test 2: how can we deal with bruxisim?
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Crowding=‫تزاحم‬
Nail= ‫األظافر‬
Bite=‫قضم‬
Collapse=‫اضمحالل‬
Region=‫منطقة‬
Physiological=‫فسلجيا‬
Post test:
Answer with F or T and correct the False one:
1\bad habit produce unwanted force on the teeth.
2\thump sucking can cause collapse of the palate.
3\one of the effect of lip bite is crowding of teeth.
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\F. thump sucking can cause open bite
2\F. thump sucking treated by:
1. Retention part ( Adams clasp )
2. acrylic base with spackles at anterior region of the base .
3\T.
Self test 1\
1. thump or finger sucking
2. lip biting
3. tongue thrust
4. nail biting
5.bruxisim
Self test 2\ bruxisim braked by night guard acrylic bite.
Post test :
1\T.
2\T
3\ F . one of the effect of nail bite is crowding of teeth.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Eleventh
modular unit
1\B-Rationale:
The student will know about retention appliance and its
types,
Simple labial arch ,haw ally appliance and beg appliance.
1\C-Central idea:
Definitions of fixed and removable retention appliance.
Requirement of retention appliance
Types of removable retention appliance
Some terms in orthodontic dentistry
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objectives:
After studying the sixteenth modular unit ,the student will be able to:
1\know the difference between the fixed and removable retention
appliance
2\have an idea about the types of removable retention appliance
3\ know some terms used in dentistry.
Pre test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false one :
1\ Removable Retention appliance can be removed and reinserted
again so it give chance for good oral hygiene.
2\the removable appliance should be soft so not irritate the tissue.
3\removable appliance should be fit around all the teeth of arch
The text:
Types of Retention appliance:
1.Fixed Retention appliance
These appliance are fixed on the teeth directly, the patient can not remove
it the main disadvantage is that this appliance will not give good oral
hygiene.
But in the same way this appliance will give chance for the minor
movement of the teeth.
2.Removable Retention appliance
This appliance can be removed and reinserted again so it give chance for
good oral hygiene, but in general it is not efficient appliance because the
patient may be removed for longer time may be day or more.
Requirement of Retention appliance:
1. it should be relatively rigid
2. it must be fit around all the teeth of arch
3. must be held the teeth in the desired position and it must prevent any
unwanted tooth movement.
Types of Removable Retention appliance:
1. simple labial bow:
This appliance consist from the following parts
a-Retention part(Adams clasp)
b-labial arch: made from stainless steel wire gauge 0-7mm have 2(U shape)
on the canine region connecting by abridge touch to the labial surface of
incisor.
C-the base made from acrylic must be will fitted around the neck of all
teeth to increase retention.
2.Hawley retainer:
This appliance the same parts as simple labial bow except the bridge of the
labial arch is done in such away to be well fitted with the labial surface of
each tooth.
This is mainly used in cases of correction of tooth rotation to prevent any
retuned force.
Self test\ what are the requirement of retention appliance?
3-Begg retainer:
This appliance consist from the following parts
a-Long labial arch, the U shape in the premolar region and the arch
continue back ward and end with tag passing distal to the last tooth.
b-Base
C-Retention part(Adam clasp)
this appliance is used when we have at the end of treatment generalize
spacing.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Cover=‫يغطي‬
Palate= ‫سقف الفم‬
Laboratory=‫مختبر‬
Modified=‫محور‬
Interfere=‫يتداخل‬
Post test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false one:
1\Begg retainer is used when we have at the end of treatment generalize
spacing.
2\always the retention part of removable retention appliance is Adam
retention
3\ removable retention appliance has an advantage that it give minor
movement of the tooth.
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\T
2F. should be rigid
3\T
Self test:
1. it should be relatively rigid
2. it must be fit around all the teeth of arch
3.must be held the teeth in the desired position and it must prevent any
unwanted tooth movement
Post test:
1\T
2\T
3\F. fixed retention appliance has an advantage that it give minor movement
of the tooth.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturer
June-2010
Twelfth
modular unit
1\ B-Rational:
The student will know about functional appliance ,mode of its
action.
He will know about characteristic of patient treated by functional
appliance and type of functional appliance
1\C-Central idea:
Definition of functional appliance (myo functional appliance),
Proprieties of patient treated with myofunctional appliance .
Constriction of functional appliance
Anderson appliance and its construction
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\ performance objectives:
After studying the seventeenth modular unit ,the student
will be able to:
1\ understand what the functional appliance mean.
2\recognize which patient need myofunctional appliance.
3\ how can myofunctional appliance work.
4\ some terms need to know in orthodontic dentistry.
Pre test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false
1\the patient how wear myofunctional appliance should be
at full permanent dentition.
2\myofunctional appliance inhibit the muscles of facial
expression or muscles of mastication
3\functional appliance used to treat cross bite.
The text :
Functional appliances(myofuntionl appliances )
These are passive removable appliances, but it make use the forces of
muscles of mastication and muscles of facial expression to stimulate or in
habit or redirect the direction of growth of bones of the jaws and face to
correct mal occlusion .
Mode of action of myofunctionl appliances:1. stimulate the muscles of facial expression and muscles of facial
expression and muscles of mastication.
2. inhibit the muscles of facial expression or muscles of mastication
3. redirect the direction of growth of bones of jaws
prosperities of patient treated with functional appliance :
1. the patient must be at stage of active growth
2. the patients must be at stage of mixed dentition
3. the patient must be high cooperative because he must be wear it more
than 16 hours
note:most my function appliance constructed to engage both dental arch and
some time it holds the man dibble in postured position away from rest
position.
Type of functional appliances :
oral screen
oralscreen appliance (monoblock ) or some time called activator
vestibular screen
lip shield
bionator appliance
frankel appliance and the are may be frankel I, Frankel II, FrankeI III and
Frankel7.
Oral screen:It is thick shield of acrylic occupy the vestibule between the lip and cheek
from out side and alveolar bone from inside and used to treat class II
division ( 1 ) malocclusion
Self test\ how can myofunctional appliance work?
Construction of oral screen :-
1. the upper and lower model mounted together on articulator in centric
occlusion
2. Sheet of base plate wax is applied to the whole area except the most
prominent incisors
3. Second sheet of wax is applied over the whole area and the scraped
away over the tips of prominent incisors
4. Flasking , wax elimination , packing , curing , finishing and polishing .
Andreson appliance( monoblock) activator :Single block of base material united together to hold the mandible in
postured for ward . This appliance used in treatment of class II division l
malocclusion .
Construction :-
1. wax bit taken from patient mouth when the patient postured his
mandible for ward , with opening of 2-4 mm between occlusion .
2. the upper and lower model mounted on articulator by using this wax
bit
3. Construction labial arch on upper model
4. waxing the upper and lower model and united together
5. Flasking , wax elimination , packing , curing , finishing and polishing.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Hold=‫يمسك‬
Mixed dentition= ‫المريض في سن تكون اسنانه اللبنية والدائمية موجودة‬
Expression=‫تعبير‬
Facial=‫وجهي‬
Stimulate= ‫يحفز‬
Growth=‫نمو‬
Redirect force=‫يعكس توجه القوة‬
Post test :
Answer with F or T and correct the false
1\ lip shield used to break lip biting.
2\ myofunctional appliance holds the man- dibble in postured position
away from rest position.
3\ the patient must be high cooperative because he must be wear it
more than 16 hours
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\F. should be at mixed dentition
2\T
3\F. to treat malocclusion
Self test:
1. stimulate the muscles of facial expression and muscles of mastication.
2. inhibit the muscles of facial expression or muscles of mastication
3.redirect the direction of growth of bones of jaw.
Post test:
1\ F. used to treat malocclusion its amyofunctional appliance.
2\T.
3\T.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
The text :
Functional appliances ( my ofuntion appliances )
These are passive removable appliances, but it make use the forces of muscles of mastication and
muscles of facial expression to stimulate or in habit or redirect the direction of growth of bones of
the jaws and face to correct mal occlusion .
Mode of action of my ofunction appliances:3. stimulate the muscles of facial expnessis and muscles of facial expnesstion and muscles of
mastication\
4. inhibite the muscles of facial expresston or muscles of mastication
5. redirect the direction of growth of bones of jaws
properities of pateut treated with functional appliance ;1. the patient mustbe at stage of active growth
2. the parient must be at stage of mixed deution
3. the patieat must be high cooperative because he must be wear it move than 16 hours
note:-
most my function appliance constructed to engage both dental arch and some time it holds the man
dibble in postured position away from rest position
Type of functional appliances :
oral screen
andresson appliance (monoblock ) or some time called activator
vestibular screen
lip shield
bionator appliance
frankel appliance and the are may be frankel, Frankel, FrankeI and Frankel.
Oral screen:It is athick shield of acrylic occupy the vestibule between the lip and cheek from out side and alveolar
bone from inside and used to treat ment classdivision ( 1 ) maloccluse
Construction of oral screen :5. the upper and lower model mounted to gether on articulater in ceutric occlusion
6. Asheet of base platewax is applied to the whole area except the most prominent incisors
7. Asecond sheet of wax is applied over the whole area and the scraped away over the tipes of
proment incisors
8. Flasking , wax elimination , packing , curing , finishing and polishing .
Andreson applbnce ( monoblock) activator :Asingle block of base material united to gethers to hold the mandible in postared for ward . This
appliance used in treatment of class II division lmalocclusion .
Construction :6. wax bit taken i i. patient mouth when the patient postured his mandible for ward , with opening
of 2-4 mm between occlusion .
7. the upper and lower model mounted on avticu later by using this wax bit
8. Construction alabial arch on upper model
9. waxing the upper and lower model and united to geather
10. Flasking , wax elimination , packing , curing , sinishing and polishing
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Thirteenth
modular unit
1\B-Rationale:
The student will know about orthodontic tooth movement
its definition, factors affect tooth movement and types of it.
He will know also about the harmful effect of tooth
movement.
1\C-Central idea:
Orthodontic tooth movement
Types of tooth movement
Rate of tooth movement and the factor effect on it .
Harmful effect of tooth movement from orthodontic point of
view.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objectives:
After studying the eighteenth modular unit , the student will be able
to:
1\ know what is the mean of tooth movement
2\understand how can the tooth move and what is the effect of tooth
movement
3\ understand some terms in orthodontic.
Pre test:
Answer with F and T and correct the false:
1\ when tooth move there will be deposition of bone on the area of
pressure.
2\when the crown of tooth move in one direction opposite to the
movement of the root this movement called bodily movement
3\ Extrusion is movement of the tooth as a whole out side its socket.
The text:
Orthodontic tooth movement
Tooth movement:- Prolonged appropriate force applied to tooth move the
tooth or teeth through the alveolar bone without causing permanent
damage to either teeth or their periodontal ligament.
When force is applied to the crown of a tooth or teeth it is transmitted
through the root to the alveolar bone . so there will be pressure and areas
of tension .
On the area of pressure , resorption of bone take place creating agape
between the tooth and the area to which the tooth moved and the area of
tension there will bone deposition .
Note:
The force used must be light force .
Types of tooth .movement:1. Tipping :- Is the simplest tooth movement, in which the crown on tooth
move in one direction opposite to the movement of the root and this
movement can be done by removable appliance .
2. Bodily movement :- the movement of the crown and root moves as one
unite . this movement can be done by fixed appliance .
3. Rotation mo cement:- is movement of the crown and root around their long
axis this movement done by fixed appliance and need couple force .
4. Torque movement:- is the movement of the root more than the movement
of crown in the labia - palatal direction in their own place
5. Vibrating movement:- is the movement of the root more than the crown in
amesio -distal direction in their own place .
6. Extrusion :- is movement of the tooth as a whole outside its socket
7. Intrusion :- is movement of the tooth as a whole inside its socket.
Self test\ define tooth movement.
Rate of tooth movement:Many factors affect the rate of tooth moment these are :1. The magnitude of force both heavy force:- and light force will cause
tooth movement but the rate of tooth movement will be greater
with light force .
2. Age of patient :- tooth movement in general in adult will be slower
than in younger because the density of bone which is more dense in
adult then in younger
3. Individual variation:- tooth movement rate differ from one person
then other . due to density of bone.
Harmful! Effects of tooth movement from orthodontic point of view :1. pulp death :- pulp death result from heavy force specially if the apex
of root is open
2. Root resorpation :- apically resorpation take place in bodily tooth
movement if the tooth move in longer distance .
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Resorption of bone=‫تآكل العظم‬
Individual variation= ‫اختالفات فردية‬
Density=‫كتلة‬
Alveolar bone= ‫عظم الفك الذي يحوي االسنان‬
Damage=‫أذى‬
Pressure=‫ضغط‬
Post test:
Answer with F and T and correct the false one:
1\ heavy force applied during tooth movement cause pulp
death.
2\ tooth movement rate differ from one person then other
according to force applied.
3\ tooth movement in general in adult will be faster than in
younger.
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\F. in the area of pressure there will be resorption of bone
2\F. tipping movement
3\ T
Self test\
Tooth movement:- Prolonged appropriate force applied to tooth move the
tooth or teeth through the alveolar bone without causing permanent damage
to either teeth or their periodontal ligament.
Post test:
1\T
2\F. due to density of bone
3\F. in younger faster than adult.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Fourteenth modular
unit
1\B- Rationale:
The student will know about the active or mechanical orthodontic
appliance ,
He will know its component part (retention, active and anchorage
part).
1\C-central idea:
Definition of removable active appliance (mechanical appliance)
Requirement of removable active appliances
Component part of removable active appliance :
1\retention part
2\active part
3\anchorage part
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\performance objectives:
After studying the nineteenth modular unit , the student will be
able to :
1\ speak about the active removable appliance.
2\ know the requirement of mechanical appliance.
3\understand the parts of active removable appliance
Pre test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false .
1\the removable active appliance should be tolerated by oral
tissue
2\elastic is the main retentive device in removable appliance
3\screw is the type of force component in removable appliance
The text:
Removable active appliance(Mechanical appliance)
These appliance may either in corporate active force within the
appliance (spring or bows, screw or elastic) or transmit force from
another source, usually the muscles of mastication or muscles of
expression.
Requirement of removable active appliances
1.
the appliance should be comfortable and acceptable by the
patient
2.
the appliance should be well tolerated by the oral tissue
3.
the appliance should be stand up the stress of oral function
4.
should be easily cleanable by the patient
5.
should be retained firmly in patient mouth
Component part of removable active appliance.
-Retention component
Adams clasp is the main retentive device which can be constructed on
first permanent molars also can be constructed on premolar on
incisors.
Not\ appliances with inadequate retention will be unable to deliver the
correct force to the tooth.
-Force component :
The force component in removable appliances is usually provided by
means of spring or bow ,screw ore elastic.
Alight continuous force is considered to be the ideal force to produce
optimum tooth movement to achieve this the wire should be made as
long as possible to increase the range of action of the spring ,and for
this reason it is usual to incorporate a coil in the wire. So coil in the wire
increase the length of the wire and increase range of action of the
spring.
Properties of spring :
1.
the direction in which the coil is wounded makes little difference
to the effectiveness of the spring
2.
in corpora ting coil in the spring s increases the flexibility of the
spring and increase the range of effectiveness
3.
Double coil provides further increase in the flexibility of the
spring .
Elastic: less frequently used in removable appliance than spring.
Because elastic need to be changed frequently
Screw used to provide intermittent forces in the removable appliances.
The screw is adjusted by the patient at intervals ,in most cases once or
twice a week.
Self test 1\what is the action of the coil in the spring?
Components of removable appliances
1-Retention component
Retention of removable orthodontic appliance is important to achieve
precise treatment.
Retention of removable orthodontic appliance depend mainly on the
fitting of orthodontic clasp on the undercut present on the surface of
teeth.
There are many type of orthodontic clasp are produced to give
retention to orthodontic appliance these are
A.
Jackson clasp(1906)this type utilized the mesial and distal
undercuts and running around the cervical margin of the tooth .
B.
Crozat clasp(19 20)this like Jackson clasp used mesial and
distal undercuts by the addition of short piece of wire which are
usually made from precious metal and this is soldered on clasp.
C. Arrow head clasp(by schwar 2 1956) this clasp are formed by
special and are inserted to the spaces below the contact points
between two teeth.
D. Adams clasp 1950.
this clasp also use of mesial and distal undercuts of the teeth in the
same way as the arrowhead type clasp but is made to fill single tooth
and the arrow heads of Adams do not fill beneath the contact points
of two adjoining teeth.
-Anchorage component
Anchorage: the sites which resist the forces of reaction generated by
the active component
Or defined as resistance to the reactive force generated by the active
component of the appliance.
Self test 2\ which type of clasp that usually used in removable
appliance in your opinion?
Post test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false:
1\ Retention of removable orthodontic appliance depend mainly
on the fitting of orthodontic clasp on the undercut present on the
surface of teeth.
2\ Retention of removable orthodontic appliance depend mainly
on the fitting of orthodontic clasp on the undercut present on the
surface of teeth.
3\ placement of clasp or bows on teeth which are not being
moved make retention to the appliance.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Flexibility=‫مرونة‬
Force=‫قوة‬
Range=‫معدل‬
Metal=‫معدن‬
Equally size= ‫بنفس الحجم‬
Frequently= ‫بصورة مستمرة‬
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\T
2\F. Adam clasp is the retentive part
3\T
Self test1\ in corporating coil in the spring is increases the
flexibility of the spring and increase the range of effectiveness
Self test 2\Adam clasp
Post test:
1\T.
2\T.
3\F. make anchorage
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Fifteenth modular unit
1\B- Rationale:
The student will know about removable
appliance, types of removable appliance
Active ,passive and functional one
1\C- central idea
Definition of removable appliance
Classification of removable appliance
Advantage and disadvantage of it.
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
2\ Performance objectives:
After studying the eighteenth modular unit the student will
be able to:
1\ define removable appliance
2\ know advantage and disadvantage of removable
appliance.
3\know some orthodontic terms
Pre test:
Answer with F or T and correct the false:
1\the patient can remove the removable appliance to clean it
2\mechanical appliance apply pressure on teeth to cause tooth
movement
3\retention is more easy than fixed appliance.
The text:
1)Removable appliance :
That types of appliance used to treat simple malocclusion and for single
rotation of the teeth and simply done by the technician and can be used also
for retention after finishing orthodontic treatment.
Removable appliance classified in to :
1. Passive appliance: it has not active part (spring, screw, elastic) it is used
to maintain teeth in their new position after treatment or to mentian space
(space maintainer) after early extraction of deciduous teeth.
2. Functional appliance: also it is passive it is make to use of force from
muscle of mastication or muscle of facial to stimulate in habit or redirect
the deviation of bone of jaw and may cause tooth movement.
3. Mechanical appliance: that type of appliance has mechanical active part
by means of which pressure can be apply on the teeth to produce tooth
movement.
Advantages of Removable appliance :
1. the appliance can removed by the patient to clean it. So the dentition and
oral structures remain clean and healthy during appliance therapy.
2. it is difficult to apply severely excessive forces to the teeth with removable
appliances, because severely excessive forces being dissipated by
dislodgement of the appliance.
3. it need less chair time because it is constricted out of the patent mouth.
4. Cheep.
5. simple and not complicated.
Self test 1\what is the functional appliance?
Disadvantages of removable appliance.
1. they can produce only limited type of tooth movement (tipping movement
is the main tooth movement produced by removable appliance so it is
used for simple, cases apply
2. anchorage of tooth movement is sometimes difficult, so anchor teeth
cannot be prevented from tilting.
3. Retention is more difficult than with fixed appliances.
4. High degree of cooperation and certain amount of skill is required from the
patient.
5. Lower Removable Appliance can not be tolerated.
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
skills =‫مهارات‬
retention=‫ثبات‬
prevention=‫يمنع‬
movement=‫حركة‬
tilted =‫يميل‬
advantage=‫محاسن‬
disadvantage=‫مساوئ‬
Post test:
Answer with T or F and correct the false:
1\ removable appliance can make all type of tooth movement.
2\the oral structure will remain clean with the removable appliance
because it is simple in construction.
3\passive appliance do not have spring.
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\T
2\T
3\F. less retention than the fixed
1. Self test\
Functional appliance: also it is passive it is make to use of force from
muscle of mastication or muscle of facial to stimulate in habit or redirect
the deviation of bone of jaw and may cause tooth movement.
Post test:
1\F. limited type of tooth movement
2\F. because the patient can remove it and clean it.
3\T.
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977
Ministry of higher education and scientific researches
Foundation of technical education
Medical technical institute
Training package
In
(Orthodontics)
For the student of 2nd class
In
Prosthetic department
By
Dr.Azhar-A-Mohamad
MSC-Orthodontic
Acs- lecturers
June-2010
Sixteenth
modular unit
1\B-Rational:
The student will know definition of soldering, material used
in soldering process.
Also he will know solder material ,flux,antiflux.
1\C-central idea:
Definition of soldering and solder material
Proprieties of solder and rules of soldering
Flux and ant flux and their composition
Some terms used in dentistry
1\D-instructions:
1.Study over view thoroughly
2.Identify the goal of this modular unit
3.do the pre test and if you:
.Get 2 or more you do not need to proceed
.Get less than 2 you have to study this modular unit well
4.after studying the text of this modular unit , do the post test , and if you
.Get 2 or more so go on studying modular two
.Get less than 2 go back and study the 1st modular unit or any part of it again
and then do the post test again.
Performance objectives:
After studying the twenty two modular unit ,the student will
be able to:
1\understand what the soldering mean
2\ understand which materials used in soldering
3\know the rules of soldering
4\and some terms used in dentistry.
Pre test:
Answer with F and T and correct the false
1\ Flux Is that material which is applied during soldering to
metal.
2\ hard solders are those material' having low melting point
3\ solder material should not flow easily and smoothly
The text:
soldering: it is process of joining z pieces of metal by solder material. The main
materials used for soldering are
a) solder
b) flux
Solder material: that intermediary material(silver alloy usually) used to joint z
individual pieces like wires and clasps.
Solders are 2 types
(a)hard solder
(b)soft solder
a) hard solders are those material' having high melting point
b) soft solders are those material having low melting point
Properties of solder:
1 flow easily and smoothly
2 have melting point lower than of metal to be soldered.
3 its color should be match the color of metal to be soldered
4 it mast be resist oxidation and corrosion by oral fluids
5 the physical properties of the solder be compatible with that of metal to be
jointed.
Note:
The union between solder and metal is mechanical not chemical, so if there is no good
design of joint and no control of heat then there may be joint failure.
Flux:
Is that material which is applied during soldering to metal in order to dissolve metallic
oxides and protect the wire from further oxidation
Properties of flux:
1 its melting point should be lower than that of solder
2 it must be able to dissolve metallic oxides
3 it should be easily removed after soldering.
Composition of flux:
1 potassium fluoride
2 Boric acid
3 horax glass
4 Sodium carbonate.
Self test\ what is the property of flux?
Andi Flux
Is that material used to control the solder prevent its flowing where it is not necessary
( grafet) or lead pencil may be used as anti flux .
Rules of Soldering
1
2
3
4
The pieces should be cleaned .
The pieces should be closed to each other .
The solder must be heated to its melting point.
The temperature is controlled to avoid over heating .
5 Using of flux to avoid oxidation .
Terms used in orthodontic dentistry
Informative record = ‫تسجيل المعلومات‬
assess = ‫يساعد‬
Comparison=‫مقارنة‬
Main purpose=‫الهدف الرئيسي‬
evaluate = ‫يقيم‬
protect=‫يحمي‬
Post test:
Answer with F and T and correct the false
1\ during soldering using of flux to avoid contamination.
2\AntiFlux Is that material used to control the solder and
prevent its flowing
3\there are 2 type of soldering.
Key answer:
Pre test:
1\T
2\F. have high melting point
3\F. should be flow easily
Self test\
1.its melting point should be lower than that of solder
2.it must be able to dissolve metallic oxides
3.it should be easily removed after soldering
Post test:
1\F. avoid oxidation
2\T
3\T
References:
1\Walther D.P. ,orthodontic note, second edition , Wright
Bristol,1967
2\G.C Dickson, A.E Wheatly ,An atlas of removable orthodontic
appliances, second edition, Pitman Medical,1977