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Present simple BENJAMIN C. PIM Affirmative form I/ You / We want / They go take She/ He / It goes takes wants Most verbs ending –s for third person he/she/it : want – wants live – lives Verbs ending -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: add -es passes washes relaxes goes BENJAMIN C. PIM negative I / You / We / They She/ He / It do not (don't) want does not relax (doesn't) BENJAMIN C. PIM go take questions and short answers Do I/you/we work? /they Does he/she/it work? BENJAMIN C. PIM Yes, I do. No, I do not (don’t) Yes, he does. No, he does not (doesn’t) Use present simple for: facts, or things that always happen. • Water boils at 100°C routines and habits. • The birds return to the island every spring. timetable events. • The Drama Club meets every Thursday at 7.30. plots of films, stories and plays. • At the party, Romeo sees Juliet and falls in love with her. BENJAMIN C. PIM yes / no questions and short answers • Do male penguins keep the eggs warm? • Yes, they do • Does water boil at 80°C? • No, it does not / doesn't. BENJAMIN C. PIM question words We put question words in front of present simple yes / no questions. • Why do people grow? • Where does water come from? • When do fish sleep? • What does this word mean? • Who do you sit next to? • How does a camera work? BENJAMIN C. PIM what and who subject questions With what and who it is possible to ask questions about the subject of a sentence. In this case, we do not use a question form. • Who knows the answer to this question? • What makes it work? BENJAMIN C. PIM Complete the sentence with the affirmative form of the verb in brackets. a I (drive)__, but my sister (cycle). b The Sun (rise)__ in the east and (set)__ in the west. c The Prime Minister (travel)__ abroad in his own private airplane. d It (cost)__ $20 million to be a space tourist for one week in the International Space Station. e The European Commission (meet)__ in Brussels. BENJAMIN C. PIM f My dad (read)__ two books every week. g I (understand)__ geography more than science. h My favourite TV programme (start)__ at half past ten. I The teachers at our school (give)__ us lots of homework. J We (like)__ swimming because it's fun and good exercise. BENJAMIN C. PIM Answers a drive, cycles b rises, sets c travels d costs e meets f reads g understand h starts i give j like BENJAMIN C. PIM Complete the sentence with the affirmative or negative form of the verb in brackets. Use contractions. a. The pIane (leave) __in half an hour but Nick (not / be) __at the airport yet. b My best friend (love)__ science fiction films but they (not / interest) __me. c I (not / study)__chemistry because it (be)__ difficult. d I (not / dance)__because I (look) stupid. e The Sun (not / go)__round the Earth, the Earth (go)__ round the Sun! BENJAMIN C. PIM f. My new computer (do)__ lots more things than my old one, and it (not /crash)__. g My dad (not / have)__ any qualifications but he (have)__a really good job. h Fire (need)__ oxygen to burn. It (not / burn)__ without oxygen. i. My teacher (not / own)__ a mobile phone because some people think they (be)__ bad for your health. j. According to scientists, animals (live)__ longer if they (not / eat)__too much. BENJAMIN C. PIM • • • • • • • • • • a leaves, isn't b loves, don't interest c don't study, is d don't dance, look e doesn't go, goes f does, doesn't crash g doesn't have, has h needs, doesn't burn i doesn't own, are j live, don't eat BENJAMIN C. PIM present continuous BENJAMIN C. PIM affirmative I am He/she/it is We/you/ are they BENJAMIN C. PIM working working working negative I am not He/she/it is not (isn’t) We/you/they are not (aren’t) BENJAMIN C. PIM working working working Questions and short answers Am I going? Is he/she/it going? Are we/you/ they going? BENJAMIN C. PIM Yes, I am. No,I’m not Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, we are. No, we are not. Spelling rules One-syllable verbs ending in one-vowel + consonant, double the consonant and add –ing. • sit – sitting get – getting put – putting Verbs ending in –e, drop the e before adding – ing. • like – liking write – writing Verbs ending –ie change –ie to –y • lie – lying die – dying BENJAMIN C. PIM two-syllable verbs ending in one vowel and one consonant usually double the final consonant and add –ing • travel – travelling admit – admitting All other verbs add –ing • play – playing feel – feeling try – trying BENJAMIN C. PIM use For actions happening at the moment of speaking, and not finished • Sorry, I’m busy at the moment. I’m doing my homework. For continuing, unfinished actions which are not actually happening at the moment of speaking, with verbs like work, learn, read, study… • What are you doing in science? We’re learning about the universe. BENJAMIN C. PIM use For changing situations, with verbs like become, get, grow, change, increase, or with expressions such as more and more • The Earth is becoming warmer • More and more people are leaving this town to find a job. For a future arrangement, with a time reference • We’re leaving tomorrow For temporary situations • At the moment I’m working for Mr Smith, but usually I work for Mr Jones. BENJAMIN C. PIM Simple or Continuous BENJAMIN C. PIM • The earth goes around the Sun. Simple = general fact • The floor is moving! It must be an earthquake. Continuous= happening at time of speaking • I’m working on my science project Continuous= happening at time of speaking • Most scientists work with computers. Simple = general fact BENJAMIN C. PIM Verbs not usually used in continuous Use the continuous with action verbs. For state verbs use the simple. Thoughts and opinions think, understand, know, suppose, believe, want, remember, forget, depend, agree Feelings Senses like, love, hate, feel, need, prefer See, hear, smell: basic sense meaning with can. I can see etc. I see (= I understand) I hear (=people tell me). This meat smells (has a smell) belong, contain, have, include, mean, seem, weigh BENJAMIN C. PIM Possession and existence Simple and Continuous with difference in meaning I think it is a good idea. Simple for opinion I’m thinking about it. Continuous for action (I have not decided yet) It has four legs. Simple for description. I’m having a great time. Continuous for action (happening now) The surface feels hard. Simple for description. I’m feeling sick. (I feel sick is Continuous for action (happening also possible) now) I’m seeing Tom on Friday. Continuous for future action BENJAMIN C. PIM Complete in the affirmative BENJAMIN C. PIM BENJAMIN C. PIM Answers • a are leaving • b is rising, are using • c is studying, is studying • d are standing • e are staying • f am going • g is chasing • h is becoming • i are training • j is listening BENJAMIN C. PIM Choose the correct form BENJAMIN C. PIM BENJAMIN C. PIM Answers • a do not understand • b is it getting • c don't agree • d reaches • e lasts • f are still searching • g Are they looking • h doesn't seem • i consists • j has BENJAMIN C. PIM BENJAMIN C. PIM Answers • • • • • • • • a Is the weather in your country changing? b Is it growing warmer or colder? c Are storms happening more often? d Is less snow falling in winter? e Is summer getting hotter? f Are the changes becoming a problem? g Are people worrying about this? h Are they doing anything to help? BENJAMIN C. PIM Extra Exercises BENJAMIN C. PIM BENJAMIN C. PIM answers BENJAMIN C. PIM Put the verb into the correct form BENJAMIN C. PIM BENJAMIN C. PIM answers BENJAMIN C. PIM