Download The Early Years

The Young Republic:
The Early Years
The Young Republic Test
Packet due & test day:
________
The Early Nation – Vocabulary
Name: _______________________________________________
Define each of the following words in regards to the early development of the nation:
1.
George Washington –
2.
John Adams –
3.
Thomas Jefferson –
4.
Judiciary Act of 1789 –
5.
Hamilton’s financial plan –
6.
Whiskey Rebellion –
7.
Neutrality Act of 1793 –
8.
Washington’s Farwell Address –
9.
Alien and Sedition Acts –
10. Virginia and Kentucky Resolves –
11. XYZ Affair –
12. Election of 1800 –
Thomas Jefferson
Name:
Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States, but he played
many political roles throughout our nation’s history. His political life influenced
the country in many ways, from the founding documents to the shape of our
nation on the map. His contributions include the Declaration of Independence,
America’s two-party political system, and the Louisiana Purchase, which added
territory to our nation.
It’s Time for a Revolution
Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, which informed Great Britain
that the American colonies were breaking away. Jefferson argued that King
George, the leader of Great Britain, had broken an agreement between the
people and the government. The Declaration said that since the king failed to
protect everyone’s rights, the colonies could revolt and demand a new
government. Jefferson’s draft listed the Americans’ complaints against British
rule and was signed by 55 other delegates from the colonies. The document
shocked the world and led to the Revolutionary War.
Come Join the Party
Jefferson had very clear ideas about how he wanted the government to work.
He believed in a small government with limited powers. People who agreed
with his views came together and formed our first political party — an
organized group of people with similar political views. This party was called the
Democratic-Republican Party. Another Founding Father, Alexander
Hamilton, believed in a stronger national government. Hamilton and his
supporters created the Federalist Party.
As the new government made decisions, people took sides and the political
parties grew. Political parties are important because when people with similar
views act together, they have a better chance to influence the government.
When Jefferson won the presidential election in 1800, it was the first time a
government changed power from one party to another because of a democratic
election. Jefferson would later call it the “revolution of 1800.”
A lot has changed since the
1800s, but most elections still
come down to two parties.
Expanding Westward
As president of the United States, Jefferson doubled the size of the
country with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. France had claimed the
land between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains for its own
empire but had to change plans. Jefferson took advantage of this and
made France an offer that they accepted. This was a little tricky, since
the Constitution didn’t give instructions for expansion. Eventually the
purchase gained enough support, and Congress approved the deal.
Fulfilling His Vision for the Country
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, established the
two party system in United States politics, and oversaw the expansion of
our young nation. And because he stuck to his vision for the country, he
was able to lead the colonies to independence and to a political system
that allows for different points of view. Jefferson’s lasting impact can be
seen in our founding documents and on the map of the United States.
Influence Library
Declaration of Independence
Two Party Political System
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson p.1
Thomas Jefferson
Name:
What a Deal! In 1803, the U.S bought the 825,000 square miles of the Louisiana Territory for $15 million.
That is less than $20 per square mile. Answer the questions below about the Louisiana Purchase.
The Louisiana
Purchase
1803
1. How many states does the purchase cover today?
2. List them all here:
They Said What? The Founding Fathers may have agreed to create the Constitution, but they didn’t stay
in agreement for long. Connect the quotes to the political party that may have said each statement.
Let’s imitate British
aristocracy—but
without a king!
Common people should
be able to govern
themselves!
We should be able to
limit freedoms in order
to keep political power.
Long live freedom of
speech and freedom of
the press!
The Federalists
 Wealthy and elite men that
have power and want to keep it!
 Merchants, bankers, and
manufactures
 People in New England and MidAtlantic Coast
Democratic-Republicans
 Less wealthy men who wanted
to gain more rights and
freedoms for commoners
 Artists, shopkeepers, settlers,
Small farm owners, and southern
plantation owners
Influence Library
Here is a political cartoon from the
1800 presidential election. It shows
an eagle stopping Jefferson from
“destroying” the Constitution.
Which party do you think put out
this cartoon?
____________________________
Jefferson p.2
The Early Nation Homework
Directions: Answer the following questions using your book and brains.
1. How did the Judiciary Act of 1789 help the formation of the Judicial System?
2. Who was Alexander Hamilton and list 3 things he did during the formation of our nation?
3. What three people and positions made up the first cabinet?
4. How did Hamilton and Jefferson differ on their views of a National Bank?
5. Explain the Whiskey Rebellion and the issues it raised in the early Nation?
6. What was America’s reaction to the French Revolution?
7. Who was Thomas Pinckney and why was he important?
8. Explain the relationship between Native Americans and the white settlers?
9. What was George Washington’s last warning to the new nation?
10. What was the problem with the election of 1796 and how was it resolved?
11. Explain the XYZ Affair?
12. Explain the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves?
13. What is the idea of Nullification and how can it impact the country?
Name: _______________________________
Marshall Supreme Court Decisions
Directions: Complete the graphic organizer and the key idea using the pages indicated in your textbook.
Marbury v. Madison
Page 199, 206-207
McCulloch v. Maryland
p. 220
Gibbons v. Ogden
p. 219-220
When did it take
place?
Who was involved
in the case?
The state of Maryland and the
Bank of the United States
What was the
issue(s) being
decided?
What was the
Supreme Court’s
decision in this case?
What effect did this
case have on the
power of the
national
government?
How did Marshall impact the role of the Judicial Branch on the Early Republic with these Court Cases?
The American Revolution & the War of 1812
American Revolution
The War of 1812
Long-Term Causes
Long-Term Causes
Spark
Spark
British
British
American
American
British
British
American
American
Causes of the
War
Strategy
Advantages/
Disadvantages
Turning Point
Battles & Their
Impact
Treaty & the
Terms of the
Treaty
Impact/Effects of
the War
Essential Question: To what degree was the War of 1812 a “second American Revolution”?
Foundatons of American Foreign Policy
Directions- Write the letter of the foreign policy on the line by the item with the best description of that policy.
Next, place the list of events in chronological order at the bottom of the page.
_____1. Spain guaranteed American farmers the use of the Mississippi River and the right of deposit in New
Orleans in an attempt to prevent Anglo-American reproachment.
_____2. Restored the status-quo ante-bellum when a lengthy war and protracted negotiations failed to produce a
victory for either side.
_____3. United States stopped all foreign trade in an effort to pressure Britain and France into respecting our
rights as a neutral nation.
_____4. United States would refrain from intervention in European affairs but would regard as an “unfriendly
act” any attempt at further colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
_____5. Britain agreed to evacuate forts in the Northwest but made no concessions on impressment or
violations of our rights as a neutral nation.
_____6. United States rejected French demands for an apology, a loan, and a bribe as a condition of negotiation.
_____7. United States declared war against Britain in an effort to gain Canada, an end to Indian troubles on the
frontier, and respect for our rights as a neutral nation.
_____8. Spain ceded Florida to the United States and renounced any claim to Oregon in return for a United
States renunciation of any tenuous claims we might have to Texas and $5 million in claims of
Americans against the Spanish government in Florida.
_____9. Britain and the United States agreed to mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes.
_____10. United States would remain friendly and impartial toward both Britain and France rather than become
embroiled in the French Revolution in the critical first years of the Republic.
_____11. United States purchased a huge amount of land in order to guarantee Americans permanent use of the
Mississippi River.
_____12. Americans might sign commercial treaties with foreign nations but should steer clear of permanent
alliances that might entangle this country in European conflicts.
Foreign Policies:
Chronological Order of Events:
a. Adams-Onis Treaty
1.
b. Proclamation of Neutrality
2.
c. Monroe Doctrine
3.
d. Rush-Bagot Treaty
4.
e. Pinckney’s Treaty
5.
f. XYZ Affair
6.
g. Washington’s Farewell Address
7.
h. Louisiana Purchase
8.
i.
Treaty of Ghent
9.
j.
Jay’s Treaty
10.
k. Embargo Act of 1807
11.
l.
12.
War of 1812
America: 1800 to 1824
American Territorial Expansion- Label and color each of the following: a. Original 13 States, b. Northwest
Territories, c. Louisiana Purchase, d. the 8 states added to the Union from 1792 to 1819, and e. the 2 states
added to the Union due to the Missouri Compromise and draw in the 36’30 line.
American Foreign Policy- Label the regions impacted by the a. Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817, b. Convention of
1818, and c. Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819.
Years in
office
President
George
Washington
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
John Adams
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
Thomas Jefferson
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
James Madison
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
James Monroe
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
Political
Domestic Policies/Events
Economic
Social
Foreign Policies/Events
The Early Nation
George Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)
Events at Home (Domestic Affairs)
 Creation of Three executive departments:
•
State:
•
Treasury:
•
War:
 Judiciary Act of 1789 created _____________________ & other Federal Courts
 Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan
•
created _____________________________ to promote industry
•
established __________________ to provide the nation with stable currency
•
created an excise tax on __________ to raise revenue
 Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey and attacked tax collectors.
Washington made 15,000 militia men into federal troops and put down the rebellion. As a result, the Federal
government showed its new power.
Foreign Affairs
 Neutrality Act of 1793 said that the United States
Washington’s Farewell Address (1797)
George Washington’s final advice to the United States was that the US should
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
But there were already two political parties: Federalists and Democratic Republicans
First Political Parties
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
Leaders
View of National
Government
View of the
Economy
Supporters
Bankers and business interests in the North.
Farmers, artisans, frontier settlers in the South
Election of 1796, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson for the presidency, and Jefferson became the vice-pres.
John Adams’s Presidency (1797 --1801)
Domestic Affairs
 Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
The President could imprison or deport aliens (citizens of other countries). People who wrote anything of “a
scandalous and malicious nature” against the government could be imprisoned.
Used to silence  The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves
Virginia and Kentucky declare the Alien and Sedition Acts “null” because they violated the Bill of Rights
Election of 1800
Adams & the Federalists against Jefferson & the Democratic-Republicans — __________________ won
The election of 1800, won by ____________________, was the first American presidential election in which
power was peacefully transferred from one party to another. **
THE GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION
AMERICA EXPANDS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
THE ELECTION OF 1800
_______________________ (Democratic-Republican) vs. ______________________________ (Federalist)
While Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes, he tied his running mate, ____________________________
Vote went to House of Reps–
With help from ______________________________, Jefferson prevailed (Led to 12th Amendment)
MARBURY v. MADISON
John Adams, attempts to “pack” the _______________________ with ___________________________
Jefferson argued this was unconstitutional
Supreme Court Chief Justice ________________________________ rules in Marbury v. Madison (1803) that part of
the Judicial Act was unconstitutional
Established principle of _____________________________ – the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law
unconstitutional
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
-
By 1803, French leader Napoleon had abandoned his dreams of an American Empire
-
He needed money to fight European wars, so he accepted Jefferson’s offered of $15,000,000
-
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
________________________________ were commissioned by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase and look
for a water route to the Pacific
____________________________, an American Indian woman, served as a guide and translator
EMBARGO ACT OF 1807
-
Britain and France were impressing soldiers
-
Jefferson passed the Embargo Act which _________________________________________________
-
New England threatened to succeed from the US. Put sailors out work and hurt US economy.
-
Failed because Britain and France found other sources
The War Of 1812 -- The Second War for American Independence
Causes of the War
- Both France and Britain “impressed” American sailors
- Impressment - _______________________________________________
- “War Hawks” pressured US Congress
- Westerners __________________________________________________
Jefferson’s Response
Embargo Act of 1807 – __________________________________________
New Englanders hated Jefferson (“Mad Tom”)
Madison’s Response
James Madison elected in 1808
Realized that Embargo Act hurt US much more than France or Britain
Passed the “__________________________” -- Re-opened trade with all nations except France and Britain
Would trade with France and Britain if they would respect US neutral rights
The “War Hawks” Call for War
________________-- New, young Republicans came to Congress from “frontier” states
War was the only way to-- _______________________, gain Canada, and destroy Native American Resistance
Problems With Native Americans
Settlers pushing the Indians further west, creating more conflicts thought British were supplying arms
Shawnee decided to fight back
Leaders: ________________________ -- attempted to unite all tribes east of the Mississippi
1811 -- Battle of Tippecanoe: __________________________________________________________
War Is Declared
June 18, 1812 -- Madison ______________________________________
War was declared, before Britain’s offer to stop was received
Critics referred to “_________________________”
Major Events of 1812-1813
1812 -- ___________________ in three places but failed to take over -- Burned the City of York (Toronto)
1813 -- British Fleet destroyed on __________________________
Major Events of 1814
Chesapeake Campaign
1814 -- ______________________________ -- Dolly Madison rescued valuables from the White House
Battle of Fort McHenry -- British bombard Baltimore, MD
_____________________ -- wrote _______________________ after the Battle of Fort McHenry
More Events of 1814-1815
Hartford Convention -- _________________________________________________________, but war ended before the
convention.
____________________ signed -- December 24, 1814
1815 -- _______________________________
Jackson and the Americans defeated the British, Jackson became a hero
Militarily insignificant because the war is already over
Results of the War
Britain and US call it a draw -- no one wins
December 1814 -- _________________________ is signed
Hostilities cease, all borders go back to pre-war status, all land returned to original owners
US Independence is won for good
The Era of Good Feelings
The Presidency of James Monroe
Era of Good Feelings Elected in 1816, effectively unopposed
 His term in office marks the beginning of the “_______________________”
 Nationalism (_________________________) was sweeping the nation



American System_______________________ -- Theory of Economic Growth
North –
South –
Necessary Measure for the American System to work
 Protective Tariffs, Improved transportation, National Banking System
Protective Tariffs
 Protective Tariff: _____________________________________; designed to make imports more expensive than
domestic goods
 ____________________________: Congress adopted a mild protective tariff; Tariff is strengthened in 1828
Improved transportation
 ________________________________ (today it is I-40)
 Construction of canals begins
 ________________________________
Second Bank of the U.S.
 The charter of the First Bank of the US expired in 1811 and was not renewed
 State banks took over the business of banking and printing money which makes trade difficult
 1816: Congress chartered the Second Bank of the US with 25 branches


Foreign Affairs
Relations with Britain
 ____________________________ (1817)
 Britain/Canada and US agree to disarm the Great Lakes
 ____________________________
 (1) joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 years; (2) north Boundary of Louisiana Purchase is 49th Parallel
Foreign Relations
 Relations with Spain (1817-______________________________)
 United States sent _______________________ and a army down to the Georgia-Florida border to stop the raids
- ________________________________________; So, he invaded Florida

______________________________ (1819) -- Spain gave up Florida and Spanish claims to the Oregon Territory;
US took $5 million in Spanish debt and agreed to stay out of Texas
Missouri Compromise-1820
 Missouri territory is divided in half

North of the 36’30’ latitude _________________ (except Missouri) and south of the line ________________________
 Establishes a precedent that lasts until the Civil War: states would enter into the Union in pairs-one slave and one free
Monroe Doctrine-1823
Monroe warns all European powers ____________________________________________________________________
 They are not to attempt to colonize or overthrow any newly formed nation


The First Five Presidents
1789 — 1825
Review Sheet
Adams-Onis Treaty - _____________________________________________________
Alien and Sedition Acts - _____________________________________________________
American System - _____________________________________________________
Bank of the US - _____________________________________________________
Battle of New Orleans - _____________________________________________________
Battle of Tippecanoe - _____________________________________________________
Burning of Washington - _____________________________________________________
“Era of Good Feelings” - _____________________________________________________
Election of 1800 - _____________________________________________________
Embargo Act of 1807 - _____________________________________________________
Eli Whitney - _____________________________________________________
First Cabinet - _____________________________________________________
George Washington - _____________________________________________________
George Washington’s Horse - _____________________________________________________
Hartford Convention - _____________________________________________________
Henry Clay - _____________________________________________________
Impressment - _____________________________________________________
James Madison - _____________________________________________________
James Monroe - _____________________________________________________
John Adams - _____________________________________________________
Judicial review - _____________________________________________________
Judiciary Act of 1789 - _____________________________________________________
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves - _____________________________________________________
Lewis & Clark - _____________________________________________________
Louisiana Purchase - _____________________________________________________
Marbury v. Madison - _____________________________________________________
Missouri Compromise - _____________________________________________________
Monroe Doctrine - _____________________________________________________
Nationalism
- _____________________________________________________
Neutrality Act of 1793 - _____________________________________________________
Non-Intercourse Act - _____________________________________________________
Nullification Crisis - _____________________________________________________
Sacagawea - _____________________________________________________
Tariff of 1816 - _____________________________________________________
Tecumseh - _____________________________________________________
Thomas Jefferson - _____________________________________________________
Treaty of Ghent - _____________________________________________________
War hawks - _____________________________________________________
War of 1812 - _____________________________________________________
Washington’s Farwell Address - _____________________________________________________
Whiskey Rebellion - _____________________________________________________
XYZ Affair - _____________________________________________________
Three achievements for each of the first five presidents:
Washington – 1.
2.
3.
Adams –
1.
2.
3.
Jefferson –
1.
2.
3.
Madison –
1.
2.
3.
Monroe –
1.
2.
3.