Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
General Knowledge 1) The wind direction is: a. the direction from which the wind is blowing b. the direction to which the wind is blowing c. always directly from high toward low pressure d. always directly from low toward high pressure 2) Storms vary in size (diameter). Which list below arranges storms from largest to smallest? a. hurricane, tornado, middle latitude cyclone, thunderstorm b. tornado, middle latitude cyclone, hurricane, thunderstorm c. hurricane, middle latitude cyclone, thunderstorm, tornado d. middle latitude cyclone, tornado, hurricane, thunderstorm e. middle latitude cyclone, hurricane, thunderstorm, tornado 3) Which of the following is most likely associated with fair weather? a. high pressure area b. low pressure area c. a cold front d. a warm front 4) The change of state of ice into water vapor is known as: a. deposition b. sublimation c. melting d. condensation e. crystallization 5) Rising air cools by this process: a. expansion b. evaporation c. compression d. condensation 6) Evaporation is a _________ process. a. cooling b. heating c. can’t tell - it depends on the temperature d. both a and c 7) Suppose last night was clear and calm. Tonight low clouds will be present. From this you would conclude that tonight's minimum temperature will be: a. higher than last night's minimum temperature b. lower than last night's minimum temperature c. the same as last night's minimum temperature d. above freezing 8) Suppose you are outside in very cold temperatures, wearing a winter coat that is quite effective at keeping you warm. Which of the following is true? a. The coat is the source of the heat that keeps you warm. b. Your body generates the heat that keeps you warm. c. The coat prevents your body’s heat from escaping to the surrounding air. d. both (a) and (c) are true. e. both (b) and (c) are true. 9) During an equinox: a. the days and nights are of equal length except at the poles b. at noon the sun is overhead at the equator c. the earth is not tilted toward nor away from the sun d. all of the above 10) The north-facing side of a hill in a mountainous region in the US tends to: a. receive less sunlight during a year than the south-facing side b. grow a variety of trees that are typically observed at higher elevation c. be a better location for a ski run than the south-facing side d. have snow on the ground for a longer period of time in winter compared to the south-facing side e. all of the above 11) Our seasons are caused by: a. the changing distance between the earth and the sun b. the angle at which sunlight reaches the earth c. the length of the daylight hours d. all of the above e. only (b) and (c) are correct 12) The earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5º with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun. If the amount of tilt were increased to 40º, we would expect in middle latitudes: a. hotter summers and colder winters than at present b. cooler summers and milder winters than at present c. hotter summers and milder winters than at present d. cooler summers and colder winters than at present e. no appreciable change from present conditions 13) Lines connecting points of equal temperature are called: a. isobars b. isotherms c. thermals d. thermographs 14) In calm air the air temperature is -10º C, if the wind speed should increase to 30 knots (with no change in air temperature) the thermometer would indicate: a. a much higher temperature than -10º C b. a much lower temperature than -10º C c. a temperature of -10º C d. a temperature of -30º C 15) Which of the following will increase in a rising parcel of air? a. saturation vapor pressure b. relative humidity c. mixing ratio d. air temperature e. none of the above 16) The Gulf Coast states are more humid in summer than the coastal areas of Southern California mainly because of the: a. higher air temperature in the Gulf States b. lower air temperature in Southern California c. higher water temperature in the Gulf of Mexico d. low relative humidity of the air over the Pacific Ocean 17) The temperature to which air must be cooled in order to become saturated is the: a. minimum temperature b. dew point temperature c. wet-bulb temperature d. freezing point 18) Frost typically forms on the inside of a windowpane (rather than the outside) because a. the inside of the pane is colder than the outside b. there is more water vapor touching the inside of the pane c. there is less water vapor touching the inside of the pane 19) Condensation nuclei may be: a. particles of dust b. nitric acid particles c. smoke from forest fires d. salt from the ocean e. all of the above 20) Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100 percent without producing fog? a. the dew point is higher than the air temperature b. the air is perfectly dry c. there are no condensation nuclei present d. there are too many electrically-charged ions in the air e. it’s impossible for the humidity to be greater than 100 percent 21) When fog "burns off" it: a. absorbs sunlight and warms up b. evaporates c. thickens from the ground up d. settles to the ground in the form of rain 22) Geostationary satellites: a. orbit the earth once each day b. remain above a fixed spot above the equator c. are placed in higher orbits than most polar orbiting satellites d. all of the above 23) Rain which falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground is referred to as: a. sleet b. virga c. graupel d. dry rain 24) A true blizzard is characterized by: a. low temperatures b. strong winds c. reduced visibility d. blowing snow e. all of the above 25) In the winter you read in the newspaper that a large section of the Midwest is without power due to downed power lines. Which form of precipitation would most likely produce this situation? a. snow b. hail c. freezing rain d. sleet e. rain 26) Radar gathers information about precipitation in clouds by measuring the: a. energy emitted by the precipitation particles b. absorption characteristics of falling precipitation c. amount of energy reflected back to a transmitter d. amount of sunlight scattered off the precipitation e. amount of solar energy passing through the cloud 27) The scale on an altimeter indicates altitude, but an altimeter actually measures: a. temperature b. density c. pressure d. humidity 28) If a liquid with a lower density than mercury were used in a barometer the height of the column in the barometer would: a. increase b. decrease c. remain the same d. not provide an accurate measure of atmospheric pressure 29) Which statement below is not correct concerning the Coriolis force? a. It causes the winds to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere b. It is strongest at the equator c. It can cause winds to change direction, but not to increase or decrease in speed d. It deflects winds in opposite directions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 30) The wind around a surface high pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere blows: a. counterclockwise and outward from the center b. counterclockwise and inward toward the center c. clockwise and outward from the center d. clockwise and inward toward the center 31) A wind reported as 045º would be a wind blowing from the: a. NE b. S c. SW d. NW 32) Which below is usually not true concerning a sea breeze circulation? a. they mainly occur at night b. they usually occur when the water is cooler than the land c. they occur when the surface wind blows from the water toward the land d. can cause clouds to form over the land 33) Chinook winds are: a. warm, dry downslope winds b. warm, moist downslope winds c. cold, dry downslope winds d. cold, moist downslope winds e. warm, dry upslope winds 34) Chicago, Illinois (latitude 42o N) is located in the a. northeast trades b. southeast trades c. westerlies d. doldrums . 35) In terms of the three-cell model of the general circulation, areas of surface low pressure should be found at: a. the equator and the poles b. the equator and 30o latitude c. the equator and 60o latitude d. 30o latitude and 60o latitude e. 30o latitude and the poles 36) During a major El Niño event: a. Peruvian fishermen harvest a record amount of fish near Christmas time b. extensive ocean warming occurs over the tropical Pacific c. the Northeast trade winds increase in strength d. California experiences severe drought conditions e. all of the above The Atmosphere 37) The primary source of energy for the earth's atmosphere is: a. energy from within the earth b. the sun c. erupting volcanoes d. lightning discharges associated with thunderstorms e. latent heat released during the formation of hurricanes 38) The gas that shows the most variation from place to place and from time to time in the lower atmosphere: a. ozone (O3) b. carbon dioxide (CO2) c. water vapor (H2O) d. methane (CH4) e. argon (Ar) 39) The most abundant greenhouse gas in the earth's atmosphere: a. carbon dioxide (CO2) b. nitrous oxide (N2O) c. water vapor (H2O) d. methane (CH4) e. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 40) Which of the following weather elements always decreases as we climb upward in the atmosphere? a. wind b. temperature c. pressure d. moisture e. all of the above 41) The temperature of the tropopause: a. is close to the temperature at the earth’s surface b. is much colder than the temperature at the earth’s surface c. has never been measured d. is much warmer than the temperature at the earth’s surface e. is nearly as warm as the sun 42) The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude is known as the: a. temperature slope b. lapse rate c. sounding d. thermocline Using the graph of Earth’s atmosphere, answer the following questions. (INSERT ATMOSPHERE GRAPH) 43) The atmospheric pressure would be lowest at number _____ 44) Which number is pointing to a temperature inversion? 45) The maximum concentration of ozone would be found nearest which number? 46) Which number is pointing to the tropopause? Weather Instrumentation Identify the weather instrument used to measure the following weather factors. 47) A wind instrument that indicates or records both wind speed and wind direction. 48) An instrument used to measure the water vapor content of the air. It consists of two thermometers. After whirling the instrument, the dew point and relative humidity can be obtained with the use of tables. 49) An electronic instrument used to detect objects (such as rainfall) by their ability to reflect and scatter microwaves back to the receiver. 50) An instrument designed to measure atmospheric pressure. 51) A balloon-borne instrument that measures and transmits pressure, temperature, and humidity to a ground-based receiving station. 52) An instrument designed to measure the air’s water vapor content. The sensing part of the instrument can be hair, a plate coated with carbon, or an infrared sensor. 53) An instrument that automatically measures and records cloud height by using a laser or other light source. 54) An instrument with little cups designed to measure wind speed. 55) A balloon-borne instrument that measures and transmits pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction to a ground-based receiving station. 56) A satellite that orbits the earth at the same rate that the earth rotates and thus remains over a fixed place above the equator. Water Vapor The following table provides air temperature and dew-point temperatures for four cities at 6 pm. Also given is the minimum temperature for the following morning. If the sky remains clear during the night, decide whether the city should expect dew, frozen dew, visible frost, or none of these during the morning. Cities Air Temperature, ºF (6 pm) Milwaukee 50ºF Chicago 52ºF Madison 46ºF Rockford 48ºF Dew Point, ºF (6 pm) 40ºF 30ºF 30ºF 35ºF Minimum Temperature, ºF (6 am) 36ºF 28ºF 34ºF 32ºF ? ? ? ? Expect to observe 57) In Milwaukee, would you expect dew, frozen dew, visible frost, or none of these? 58) In Chicago, would you expect dew, frozen dew, visible frost, or none of these? 59) In Madison, would you expect dew, frozen dew, visible frost, or none of these? 60) In Rockford, would you expect dew, frozen dew, visible frost, or none of these? Questions 5 through 8 refer to the temperature and dew point data in the following cities: City Houston Detroit Chicago Atlanta Air Temperature (ºF) 95ºF 10ºF 30ºF 50ºF 61) Which city has the highest relative humidity? a. City A c. City C b. City B d. City D 62) Which city has the least amount of water vapor in the air? a. City A c. City C b. City B d. City D 63) Which city has the greatest amount of water vapor in the air? a. City A c. City C b. City B d. City D 64) Which city has the highest saturation vapor pressure? a. City A c. City C b. City B d. City D Clouds 65) Which association below is not correct? a. cirrocumulus - high cloud b. cumulus - cloud of vertical extent Dew Point (ºF) 76ºF 10ºF 21ºF 42ºF c. altostratus - high cloud d. stratus - low cloud 66) Which association below is not correct? a. cumulus congestus - anvil top b. cumulus - fair weather cumulus c. altocumulus castellanus - resemble "little castles" d. stratus fractus - scud e. cumulonimbus - thunderstorm clouds 67) Which of the following cloud types would be found at the highest elevation above the earth's surface? a. cumulonimbus b. cirrocumulus c. noctilucent d. cumulus congestus 68) Which of the following pairs of cloud types could be very similar in appearance? a. cumulus and cirrus b. cirrostratus and stratus c. altocumulus and cirrocumulus d. cirrocumulus and cumulonimbus 69) An anvil-shaped top is most often associated with: a. cumulonimbus b. cumulus congestus c. altocumulus d. cumulus humilis 70) As Apollo 12 ascended into the atmosphere, the height of the surrounding clouds was noted to be 42,000 feet. A lightning stroke was seen within these clouds, indicating that they must have been: a. cumulus congestus b. cumulonimbus c. cirrus d. cirrocumulus e. lenticular 71) Which cloud would most likely produce drizzle? a. stratus b. cumulus c. cumulus congestus d. cirrostratus e. cumulonimbus 72) When only ice crystals exist in a cloud, the cloud is said to be: a. frozen c. supercooled b. glaciated d. supersaturated Interpreting Weather Station Models Use the weather station model below to answer the questions that follow. Be sure to label correctly! -3 ** 995 -7 +13 73) What is the wind speed? 74) What is the wind direction? 75) What is the air temperature? 76) What does the -7 represent? 77) What is the sky coverage? 78) What is the barometric pressure at sea level? 79) Has the barometric pressure increased, decreased, or stayed the same recently? 80) What type of middle-level clouds are present? Reading Meteograms Use the meteogram above to answer the following questions. 81) At 2:00 pm, what was the air temperature in °F? 82) At 2:00 pm, what was the dew point temperature in °F? 83) At 2:00 pm, what was the present weather data? 84) At 7:00 pm, what was the wind speed? 85) At 7:00 pm, what was the wind direction? 86) Describe the cloud cover at 9:00 am (clear, scattered, broken, or overcast) 87) At what time, were the wind gusts the strongest? 88) How many knots were the strongest wind gusts? 89) What was the lowest sea level pressure? 90) At what time was the lowest sea level pressure reached? Tie Breakers Identify the name of the cloud that is depicted in each photograph. (Insert Cloud Photos) 2009-2010 NEW TRIER REGIONALS SCIENCE OLYMPIAD METEOROLOGY: EVERDAY WEATHER DIVISION B QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Everyday Weather Answer Sheet School: __________________________ V or JV Student Names: Team Number: ___________ _______________________________ Raw Score: __________ _______________________________ Rank: __________ General Knowledge: 1) ____________________________ 29) ____________________________ 2) ____________________________ 30) ____________________________ 3) ____________________________ 31) ____________________________ 4) ____________________________ 32) ____________________________ 5) ____________________________ 33) ____________________________ 6) ____________________________ 34) ____________________________ 7) ____________________________ 35) ____________________________ 8) ____________________________ 36) ____________________________ 9) ____________________________ 10) ____________________________ 11) ____________________________ 37) ____________________________ 12) ____________________________ 38) ____________________________ 13) ____________________________ 39) ____________________________ 14) ____________________________ 40) ____________________________ 15) ____________________________ 41) ____________________________ 16) ____________________________ 42) ____________________________ 17) ____________________________ 43) ____________________________ 18) ____________________________ 44) ____________________________ 19) ____________________________ 45) ____________________________ 20) ____________________________ 46) ____________________________ 21) ____________________________ 22) ____________________________ 23) ____________________________ 24) ____________________________ 25) ____________________________ 26) ____________________________ 27) ____________________________ 28) ____________________________ The Atmosphere Weather Station Models Weather Instruments 73) ____________________________ 47) ____________________________ 74) ____________________________ 48) ____________________________ 75) ____________________________ 49) ____________________________ 76) ____________________________ 50) ____________________________ 77) ____________________________ 51) ____________________________ 78) ____________________________ 52) ____________________________ 79) ____________________________ 53) ____________________________ 80) ____________________________ 54) ____________________________ 55) ____________________________ 56) ____________________________ Water Vapor Reading Meteograms 81) ____________________________ 82) ____________________________ 83) ____________________________ 84) ____________________________ 57) ____________________________ 85) ____________________________ 58) ____________________________ 86) ____________________________ 59) ____________________________ 87) ____________________________ 60) ____________________________ 88) ____________________________ 61) ____________________________ 89) ____________________________ 62) ____________________________ 90) ____________________________ 63) ____________________________ 64) ____________________________ TIE BREAKERS Clouds A) ____________________________ 65) ____________________________ B) ____________________________ 66) ____________________________ C) ____________________________ 67) ____________________________ D) ____________________________ 68) ____________________________ E) ____________________________ 69) ____________________________ F) ____________________________ 70) ____________________________ 71) ____________________________ 72) ____________________________ Everyday Weather Answer Sheet School: __________________________ V or JV Student Names: Team Number: ___________ _______________________________ Raw Score: __________ _______________________________ Rank: __________ General Knowledge: 1) ___________A________________ 29) ____________B_______________ 2) ___________E________________ 30) ____________C_______________ 3) ___________A________________ 31) ____________A_______________ 4) ___________B________________ 32) ____________A_______________ 5) ___________A________________ 33) ____________A_______________ 6) ___________A________________ 34) ____________C_______________ 7) ___________A________________ 35) ____________C_______________ 8) ___________E________________ 36) ____________B_______________ 9) ___________D_________________ 10) ___________E_________________ 11) ___________E_________________ 37) ____________B_______________ 12) ___________A________________ 38) ____________C_______________ 13) ___________B_________________ 39) ____________C_______________ 14) ___________C_________________ 40) ____________C_______________ 15) ___________B_________________ 41) ____________B_______________ 16) ___________C_________________ 42) ____________B_______________ 17) ___________B_________________ 43) ____________4_______________ 18) ___________B_________________ 44) ____________2_______________ 19) ___________E________________ 45) ____________2_______________ 20) ___________C_________________ 46) ____________1_______________ 21) ___________B_________________ 22) ___________D_________________ 23) ___________B_________________ 24) ___________E_________________ 25) ___________C_________________ 26) ___________C_________________ 27) ___________C_________________ 28) ___________A_________________ The Atmosphere Weather Station Models Weather Instruments 73) 15 knots (13-17) or 17mph 47) ____aerovane 74) NW 48) ____psychrometer 75) -3° 49) ____radar 76) dew point 50) ____barometer 77) 50% or 1/2 51) ____radiosonde 78) 999.5 mb 52) ____hygrometer 79) increased 53) ____ceilometer 80) thick altostratus 54) ____anemometer 55) ____rawinsonde 56) __geostationary satellite Water Vapor Reading Meteograms 81) 32°F 82) 30°F 83) haze 84) 10 knots (8-12 knots) 57) _________dew________________ 85) North 58) _________frost________________ 86) overcast 59) _________none________________ 87) 8:00 am 60) ______frozen dew______________ 88) 22 knots 61) ___________B________________ 89) 1007 mb 62) ___________B________________ 90) 11:00 am 63) ___________A________________ 64) ___________A________________ TIE BREAKERS Clouds A) cumulonimbus 65) ____________C_______________ B) cirrostratus 66) ____________A_______________ C) altocumulus 67) ____________C_______________ D) cumulus 68) ____________C_______________ E) stratocumulus 69) ____________A_______________ F) cirrus 70) ____________B_______________ 71) ____________A_______________ 72) ____________B_______________