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The Nature of Nature: The Big Picture The Biology of Behavior 1 Facts of Neuroscience • Brains are not Digital Computers • Brains are ‘organic’ • Experience (nurture) matters but it involves physical changes (temporary and permanent) in brain circuits hardware and software interact 2 Levels of Neuroscience • Cells (neurons) 3 Levels of Neuroscience • Neural connections • Networks 3 Levels of Neuroscience • Structures • Sets of Networks • Anatomical localization 3 Levels of Neuroscience • Brain 3 Levels of Neuroscience • Nervous System • Brain • Central Nervous System • Peripheral Nervous System • Endocrine System (hormones) 3 Methods of Neuroscience • Nonhuman preparations • Brain Cell recordings & functional mappings • Example 4 Visual Feature Detectors 5 Methods of Neuroscience • Nonhuman preparations • Brain Cell recordings & functional mappings • Example • Lesion studies • Example 6 Lesion to Satiety Center 7 Methods of Neuroscience • Nonhuman preparations • Brain Cell recordings & functional mappings • Example • Lesion studies • Example • Brain Cell physiology 8 Methods of Neuroscience • Human preparations • Brain Damage (strokes, head injury, disease) 9 Phineas Gauge 10 Phineas Gauge 11 Methods of Neuroscience • Human preparations • Brain Damage (strokes, head injury, disease) • Sleep & dreaming • Psychoactive drugs • Meditation • Brain recording and brain scans 12 MRI 13 Three Types of Functionality • Normal • Pathological • Altered States 14 Required Content What is contained in the six assigned videos 16 Basic Principles of Brain Function • Structure and Function • Components • functional specialization 17 Brain and CNS • Structure and Function • Components • Functional Specialization • Three Levels of Function 18 Basic Principles of Brain Function • Structure and Function • Components • Functional Specialization • Three Levels of Function • Control Centers (“switches”) • Examples: temperature, feeding • Adaptive Value 19 Basic Principles of Brain Function • Structure and Function • Components • Functional Specialization • Levels of Function • Control Centers (“switches”) • Examples: temperature, feeding • Adaptive Value • Faculties • Examples: memory, speech • Instincts • Affect (the four Fs) The Limbic System 20 Basic Principles of Brain Function • Structure and Function • Components • Functional Specialization • Three Levels of Function • Control Centers (“switches”) • Examples: temperature, feeding • Adaptive Value • Faculties • Examples: memory, speech • Instincts • Affect (the four Fs) The Limbic System • Higher level functions • Intelligence • Personality 21 Hormones • What are hormones? • Physiological Control • Interaction with Brain 27 Evolutionary Psychology Two Different Approaches to Psychology SSSM • Standard Social Science Model EP • Evolutionary Psychology Major Contrast SSSM • All is Learned • No instincts • General Processor • Culture transcends biology EP • Some is innate • Instincts • Modularity • Biology builds, influences, and constrains culture EP Principle Assumptions • Humans Evolved • Theory of Natural selection • Traits vary across generations • Traits that promote survival & reproduction naturally selected (Adaptation) • Naturally Selected traits passed on to next generation • Applied to Brain and Behavior • Social Behavior as set of Adaptations Important Evolutionary Changes for Humans • Bipedalism • Frees up the hands • Climbing, throwing, gesturing • Opposable Thumbs • Dexterity • Tools • Big Brains • • • • Language Complex Emotions & Social Behavior Consciousness? Imagination Misinterpretations • • • • Genes are not Blueprints (do not determine) Genes more like recipes (guide) & triggers EP is not Biological Determinism EP is not Genes + Environment • EP IS Genes x Environment • CULTURE (Environment) matters!
