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Transcript
Name Date Period A c tiv ity: Sta rs’ Co lo r V s T em p _ _ IST 9 How is a Star’s Color Related to Its Temperature? On a clear night you have surely noticed that some stars are brighter than others. But stars also have different colors. Rigel is blue, and Betelgeuse is red. Capella and our Sun are yellow. In this activity you will make your own Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. You will see how star brightness, color, temperature, and class are related. Materials: Colored pencils (red, orange, yellow, blue) Procedure: 1. Review the star data chart below. Note that the sun, which is used as a standard of brightness, is given a value of 1. The brightness given for each other star shows how that star compares with the sun. 2. Using an “X” as a plot point, plot the data from the chart on the pseudo-graph on the next page. Only label the Sun’s X plot. (Do not include the star’s labels for anything other than the sun. 3. Stars with surface temperatures up to 3,500°C are red. Shade a vertical column from 2,000°C to 3,500°C red. 4. Shade other color columns as follows: Stars up to 5,000°C are orange-red; up to 6,000°C yellow; 6000°C to 10,000°C are white (don’t shade); up to 20,000°C blue-white, and up to 40,000°C blue. 5. Look for patterns in your graph. Compare it to the H-R diagram supplied by your teacher. 6. Label the main sequence, the red super giants, and the white dwarfs. Star-Brightness Data Star Name Sun Alpha Centauri A Alpha Centauri B Barnard’s Star Lalande 21185 Sirius A Sirius B Ross 248 61 Cygni A 61 Cygni B Procyon A Procyon B Epsilon Indi Approx. Temp °C 5,300 5,500 3,900 2,500 2,900 10,100 10,400 2,400 3,900 3,600 5,200 7,100 3,900 Brightness (Sun = 1) 1 1.3 0.36 0.0004 0.005 23 0.008 0.0001 0.08 0.04 7.5 0.0005 0.13 Star Name Canopus Arcturus Vega Capella Rigel Betelgeuse Achernar Beta Centauri Altair Aldebaran Spica Antares Deneb Beta Crucis Approx. Temp °C 7,100 4,200 10,400 5,600 11,500 2,900 14,000 21,000 7,700 3,900 21,000 3,100 9,900 22,000 Brightness (Sun = 1) 1,500 90 60 150 40,000 17,000 200 3,300 10 90 1,900 4,400 40,000 6,000 Spectral Class O B A (see labels across top of graph for spectral class) 100,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 500 100 50 10 5 1 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005 0.0001 (Brightness) 40,000 20,000 10,000 F G K M 7,000 6,000 4,500 3,000 Approximate Temperature, °C Questions: 1. What is the general relationship between temperature and star brightness? (Hint: Main Sequence) 2. What relationship do you see between star color and star temperature? 3. How does the sun compare to the other stars on the main sequence? 4. What star class does our sun belong to? 5. A star is classified as being in class B. What is its color? Temperature? 6. We know dwarfs are small—smaller than our sun. How can they be so bright? *What are some ‘bad techniques’ regarding this graph???