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The Real World AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2nd Edition Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein Chapter 14 Recreation and Leisure in Everyday Life Studying Leisure and Recreation • Leisure refers to time that can be spent relaxing, engaging in recreation, or otherwise indulging in freely chosen activities. • Recreation includes any pleasurable activity that is refreshing and renewing for the body, mind, and spirit. 2 Studying Leisure and Recreation (cont’d) • Three related developments have changed modern leisure-time activities. • The first is that many leisure activities have shifted from the public to the private spherepeople spend more time at home, especially with new technologies. 3 Studying Leisure and Recreation (cont’d) • Secondly, leisure and recreation have become commodities (goods or services that are bought or sold). While people used to make their own fun, they now purchase it as goods and services. 4 Studying Leisure and Recreation (cont’d) • Finally, many recreational activities that were once spontaneous and unsupervised are now formally organized. Technology has indirectly assisted in this process. 5 Leisure: The Opposite of Work? • Leisure isn’t the opposite of work—the two are linked together through consumption (the use of goods and services). • Types of leisure activities are associated with social class. (Your class determines the kinds of activities you partake in.) 6 The Media • Since we know that technology has impacted our leisure and recreation, what role does the media play in this process? The Structure of Media Industries • The media clearly is a major social institution, with increasing power and importance. 8 The Structure of Media Industries (cont’d) • There is currently a trend toward conglomeration, which is the process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of otherwise unrelated businesses. The Increasing Concentration of Media Outlets (Figure 14.1) The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company The Structure of Media Industries (cont’d) • Another trend is an increase in the number of mergers (the legal combination of two companies, usually in order to maximize efficiency and profits by eliminating redundant infrastructure and personnel). 11 The Structure of Media Industries (cont’d) • In order to avoid a monopoly (a situation in which there is only one individual or organization, without competitors, providing a particular good or service) in any one market, the FCC has established some restrictions on media-outlet ownership. 12 The Structure of Media Industries (cont’d) • Traditional media has become increasingly concentrated in recent years, however, technology has given us new types of media, like zines, blogs, and podcasts, all of which can provide greater diversity of opinion and content than commercial media. 13 Does Media Affect Us? Passive vs. Active Audiences • Magic Bullet Theory (or hypodermic needle theory) According to this theory, media consumers are passive, uncritical recipients of content. 14 Does Media Affect Us? Passive vs. Active Audiences (cont’d) • The active audience theory explains the effects of media through the interpretive activity of the audience members. • The uses and gratification paradigm focuses on the psychological or social needs that various media fulfill. 15 Does Media Affect Us? Passive vs. Active Audiences (cont’d) • The encoding/decoding model combines models and recognizes that media texts are created to deliver specific messages and that individuals actually interpret them. 16 Recreation, Leisure, and Relationships • Our recreational choices can lead us to form unique bonds with others, sometimes in the form of role model (an individual who serves as an example for others to strive towards and emulate) relationships. 17 Recreation, Leisure, and Relationships (cont’d) • Third place (after home and work, which are first and second) can be any informal public place where people come together regularly for conversation and camaraderie when not at work or home. 18 Recreation, Leisure, and Relationships (cont’d) • Civil society refers to organizations, institutions, and interactions outside of government, family, and work that promote social bonds and the smooth functioning of society. 19 Recreation and Leisure | Concept Quiz 1. True or False: According to sociologists, recreation and leisure are basically the same thing. a. True b. False 20 Recreation and Leisure | Concept Quiz 2. “Media consumers are passive, uncritical recipients of content” This statement best represents which theory? a. Active audience theory b. Magic bullet theory c. Encoding/decoding theory d. Gratification paradigm 21 Recreation and Leisure | Concept Quiz 3. A law designed to prohibit monopolies in the mass media would be an example of: a. synergy b. conglomeration laws c. antitrust legislation d. capitalism 22 Recreation and Leisure | Concept Quiz 4. Which of the following is an example of a third place? a. Your office b. Bedroom c. A local coffeehouse d. A bathroom 23 Additional Art for Chapter 14 Chapter Opener The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Rise of the Leisure Class The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Commercialized Leisure The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Playing and Working The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Postmodern Consumers The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Are Video Game Ratings Effective? The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company K/S or “Slash” The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company A Prestaged Event The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Fan-Celebrity Relations The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company The Other Football The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Yobs The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Finca Esperanza Verde Ecolodge in Nicaragua The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Where’s Your Third Place? The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company Theory in Everyday Life The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for Chapter 14 The Real World AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2nd Edition Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein For more learning resources, please visit the StudySpace site for The Real World, 2e at: wwnorton.com/studyspace © 2010 W. W. Norton Co., Inc. 39