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UNIDAD EDUCATIVA PARTICULAR ECOMUNDO UNIT 2 WORKSHOP I TERM SUBJECT: Science GRADE: 10th SECTION: A-B-C-D ACADEMIC YEAR: 2014-2015 TEACHER: Lic. Alexis Contreras FA. Score NAME: ………………………………………………… DATE: …….……………………………………………….. air lungs carbon dioxide hiccup mouth oxygen trachea yawn diaphragm sneeze inhale respiratory bronchi water vapor blood exhale cough pharynx nose 1. Complete the text with the correct word from the box. All animals need ________________ to make energy from food. We get this oxygen from the _____________ that we breathe. In order to get the oxygen into the blood where it can be transported to the rest of the body, the air travels through a system of organs called the _______________ system. When you ________________, air enters the body through the _______________ or the ____________. From there it passes through the ______________, which forces air into the _______________ and food into the esophagus. The air travels down the trachea into two branching tubes called ________________ and then on into the ________________. In the lungs oxygen from the air enters the _______________. At the same time, the waste gas ____________________ leaves the blood and then leaves the body when you ___________________. Some __________________ also leaves the body when you exhale, which is why mirrors get foggy when you breathe on them. The ______________ is the muscle that controls the lungs. It is important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can keep flowing into your body. If something gets in your nose and irritates it, you ___________________. If something gets in your trachea or bronchi and irritates it, you _________________. If something irritates your diaphragm, you _________________. Finally, if the brain thinks you are not getting enough oxygen, then it forces you to _________________. 2. Complete the crossword with the correct words. 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Across Down 2. One of two places where air enters your body. 1. This prevents food from going down your lungs. 4. When we exhale we breathe this plus carbon dioxide. 3. All animals need this gas to make energy from food. 7. You do this when something irritates your nose. 5. Scientific name for the windpipe. 8. You do this when you don't get enough oxygen to your blood. 11. A gas that you breathe out. It is a waste gas. 14. The place where oxygen enters the blood. 16. You do this when something irritates your diaphragm. 17. Breathe out. 19. Large muscle that controls the lungs. 6. Inhale and exhale. 9. Common name for the trachea. 10. Fish have these instead of lungs. 11. You do this when something irritates your trachea or bronchi. 12. Two tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs. 13. Breathe in. 15. One of two places where air enters your body. 18. What we breathe. stomach rectum waste system acid chewed liver saliva swallow absorbed food mouth large intestine tongue liquids energy small intestine digestion pharynx esophagus 3. Complete the text with the correct word from the box. All animals need to eat ______________ to get ____________ to live. But in order to use this food, they have to break it down in a process called __________________. And so, all animals have a group of connected organs called the digestive __________________. In humans, the process of digestion begins in the _____________ where food is ________________ into small pieces by the teeth. The _______________ helps by moving these pieces around. These pieces are covered by ________________, or spit. The saliva makes the food slippery so that it is easier to _______________. It also helps to break down the food. Once the food is swallowed, it passes through the _______________, which is like a gate that sends food into the ______________ and air into the lungs. The food travels down the esophagus and into the ______________. Once in the stomach the food is mixed with _____________ and crushed some more. After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent into the ________________________ where nutrients are ______________. The _____________ helps by producing some digestive juices called bile. Next, the remaining food goes into the _________________________ where the _______________ are absorbed. The remaining food is called _________________ and it is pushed into the ________________ where it waits before leaving the body. Read the text below and answer the questions. The excretory system Your body is approximately 60% water. Water is part of all the cells in your body and the plasma in your blood. Water helps your cells receive the nutrients they need, and it helps take away the wastes. All living things produce wastes. It is the job of the excretory system to regulate the amount of water that you have in your body and to help remove wastes from your system. If wastes build up in your blood and in your cells, your body becomes toxic, which can be deadly. Several different organs are involved in your excretory system. Even your skin participates in the process! You have sweat glands that can release water onto the surface of your skin to keep you from getting overheated. You might fi nd it inconvenient to sweat in certain situations, but people who physically cannot sweat are in constant danger of dying from heat stroke, so be glad if you can sweat! Your liver is an important part of the process as well. Whenever your body recycles parts of cells that are damaged or old, they become part of the wastes that need to be removed. This recycling puts a lot of nitrogen into your blood. Your liver fi lters the nitrogen out of your blood, changing it into urea. Without your liver, you could die of nitrogen poisoning. Just inside your lower back are two large bean-shaped organs called your kidneys. Their main job is to fi lter out the urea in your blood. The kidneys have a sophisticated system of pumps and tubes. Most of the liquid is returned to the blood, where it continues on its way through the circulatory system. Your kidneys have sensors that tell it how much water to release. If you’ve been drinking a lot of water, your blood will have more water in it. Your kidneys can tell. They send only the right amount of water back into the blood. The small portion of liquid that remains behind becomes urine. It drains through tiny tubes called ureters into a muscular bag called the bladder. Your body knows when your bladder is full and needs to be emptied. Your brain receives a signal to let you know that it’s time to visit the bathroom. Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to fi nd or confi rm your answers. 1) In your own words, explain why the excretory system is important to your body? 2) Why is it dangerous to be unable to sweat? 3) What substance does the liver change into urea? 4) Which organs turn liquid into urine? 5) What happens if waste builds up in our body?