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BLUMEA 40
(1995)
429-438
Revision
of
the Southeast Asian
genus
Stelechocarpus (Annonaceae)
E.C.H. van
Rijksherbarium
/ Hortus
Heusden
Botanicus, Leiden, The
Netherlands
Summary
In the
present
species
are
article
a revision
recognized
is
of the Southeast
given
Asian
genus
Stelechocarpus,
in which
two
and described.
Introduction
Hook. f. & Thorns, is
Stelechocarpus
of Southeastern Asia. It is
ests
bricate
sepals
ated
different
at
parts,
are
over,
the
leaves,
shared with
in
prominent
the
of)
at
least the female
brown
to
containing
red dots
on
inflorescences,
two or more
big
the lower side of the
Sageraea Dalz.,
the closest relative of
occasionally cauliflory
Stelechocarpus,
dots distinct
stamens
Sageraea pedicels
and
on
is
carpels
are
up
to
paper, because it is difficult
more
seems to
flowers.
usually higher
finely
or
mm
only occasionally
verruculose in
Cremastosperma
prominent
30
to
mm
long.
The
distinguish
in
can
Sageraea elliptica
term
between
up
to
than in
110 mm
'pedicel'
more
shiny
hairy ovaries.
Stelechocarpus
be
More-
separated from Sageraea
the lower side of the leaves, and
long,
Sage-
where-
is used in the presand
peduncle
pedicel.
Each
consist of a number of condensed inflorescences with
Fruits and seeds of
Sageraea (seeds: 20-40
scurfy
Stelechocarpus.
found in
is
however,
Pedicels in female flowers of Stelechocarpus
or
are
midrib above, the distinct venation of the leaves, the
numerous
inflorescence-cluster
one
(the
in
the trunk and
midrib above. Several of these characters, e.g., the imbri-
Hook. f. & Thorns.
The number of
raea.
ent
prominent
base
numerous
unisexual flowers and
(A.DC.)
as
on
plant, cauliflory
aestivation, the glabrous petals with ciliate margins, and the glabrous vegetative
cate
by
on
from other Asian Annonaceae by its im-
unisexual flowers, male and female flowers situ-
1),
the
glabrous habit,
and the
leaves,
heights
well-defined genus of the lowland rain for-
distinguished
petals (Fig.
fruits borne
relatively big
seeds, the
and
a
long,
Stelechocarpus
twice the size of
verruculose in
Stelechocarpus
Sageraea. Stelechocarpus
bigger
and smooth
shape. Moreover,
SOME
as
sepals
in
than those of
The fruits
also resembles the
R.E. Fr. Both genera share imbricate
midrib above, and leaf
are
Sageraea ).
and
or
are
usually
sometimes
neotropical
petals,
genus
leaves with
Stelechocarpus,
SPE
1
have glabrous petals with ciliate margins. Cremastosperma
Cremastosperma
has
one
ways
basal
being
to
apical
lateral.
ovule
or
seed per
carpel,
and
Stelechocarpus
two or more,
al-
430
BLUMEA
The
most
imen labels, it
a
in S.
occurs
knows
& Diels,
the male flowers
along
be
to
seem
enclose the
between
stamens
cauliflorus.
flower
ripe
biology
anthesis
(Fig.
cauliflorus
usually
ours:
in S.
purplish
are
lb).
are
wetz
1931),
no
stamens
or
there is
is
direct
Uvariopsis (Van Heusden, 1992).
1988),
Stelechocarpus
so
and may
has been
it could
mentioned
never
species
attract
often
on
in
occur
the
open
as
are
labels of S.
as
in other
beetles. The
sta-
Field observations
petals spread
on
at
chartaceous, whereas those of S.
S. burahol and S.
green in S.
and
in Annona-
Stelechocarpus
specimen
visitors such
cauliflorus
maturity
nocturnally
appeared gnawed.
burahol
at
reported
far. In S. burahol both whorls of
in S.
no
differ in flower col-
cauliflorus
burahol and
usually pink, reddish,
or
cauliflorus.
is
& Ueda,
& Waha,
Stelechocarpus
solitary, globose,
number is 2n
(Okada
thus
yellow,
cream,
several authors,
Van Steenis,
The inner petals remain closed
cauliflorus
fleshy. Generally,
pollen grain
some
1989)
lacking
The
1967;
the flowers of
the flowers of the latter
In other characters
the
and
specimens,
fragrance
flowers of S.
to
Although Stelechocarpus
(Le Thomas, 1969). Nevertheless,
1890, 1906; Corner,
(Gottsberger,
the spec-
is present in the African genus
carpels (Fig. If). Cleistogamy
burahol,
the trunk
on
well. This latter genus also has the fruits situated below
as
Stelechocarpus
Possibly,
Annonaceae
in
1902; Menninger,
dispersed. Cauliflory
the trunk
or
fruits borne
big
cauliflory (illustrations given by
(almost) cleistogamous.
also. Unlike S.
mens
are
from herbarium
(e.g. Burck,
ceae
of
1980; Koorders,
Uvariopsis Engl.
Judging
is the
the base of the thickened trunk.
on
how the fruits
relationship
1995
2,
cauliflorus (Scheff.) R.E. Fr. where, according
spectacular example
e.g., Fachrurozi,
one
No.
40,
remarkable feature of Stelechocarpus
(Fig. la), especially
exhibits
Vol.
=
1984)
18,
a
and
common
some
agrees
and
with other Annonaceae. For
inaperturate (Walker, 1971).
example,
The chromo-
chromosome number in Asian Annonaceae
neotropical
genera such
as
Cremastosperma (Mora-
1986).
STELECHOCARPUS
Stelechocarpus (Blume)
carpus
Blume,
(Blume)
Trees
up
Hook. f. &
Javae,
25
to
m
Fl. Ind.
(1829) 13,
subcoriaceous, occasionally
brown
to
1
(1855)
23,
25c.
(narrowly) elliptic
to
obovate-oblong,
with
elliptic-oblong,
8-31
sometimes
2.5-9.5
rounded, apex (tapering to) acute, caudate,
sides, glabrous
or
cm
long,
numerous
times
to
Uvaria
more
dry, glabrous
oblong,
both
—
L. sect.
Stelechoburahol
Type: Stelechocarpus
lenticels sometimes
or
on
94.
—
membranous,
green when
sparsely pubescent beneath, usually
lamina
t.
high. Twigs (almost) glabrous,
shiny beneath, (dark)
times
Thomson,
Annonaceae
Hook. f. & Thomson.
to
coriaceous
less
Fl.
or
or
on
to
less
to
red
Leaves
shiny above,
both sides
brown
cm
present.
or
some-
dots beneath,
narrowly obovate,
ovate-
base acute,
some-
wide,
acuminate, midrib prominent
occasionally sparsely pubescent beneath, lateral
veins im-
E.C.H.
MERSED ABOVE
Heusden:
van
PROMINENT BENEATH
Revision
431
of Stelechocarpus
PETIOLE 5 13 MM LONG
O 5 L 2 5 MM IN DIA
........
inflorescences. Male
RAMIFLOROUS
OR inflorescence
CAULI UFB02OROUS
UFB02OWERS 1
C
60
IN
................06......................
cel
4-65(—110)
2-17
FREE
mm
long, pubescent
Bud
glabrous.
or
Sepals DEPRESSED OVATE
OR long.
CONNATE
broadly
to
depressedly ovoid,
OR FUSED TO ONE MORE OR LESS
mm
1101.58
bescent
or
glabrous outside, glabrous inside,
IMBRICATE
IN TWO
very tip. Petals
SERIES
between the bases of the
broadly elliptic-ovate,
1.5-6
mm
SPREADING
petals, free,
4-15
wide, glabrous
mm
on
rounded
AT MATURITY
whorl
outer
2-10
long,
apex
acute, rounded
OR ONLY
broadly
ovate or
at
the
OUTER WHORL
sometimes
wide, inner whorl 4-15
mm
both sides,
or
mm
very
long,
coriaceous,
þ
margins sometimes
or
thin or ciliate, inner whorl sometimes very thick, apex rounded. Stamens
NUMEROUS
............................1.5......02
chartaceous, anthers extrorse,
more or
less
latrorse,
or
subapical,
conical. Female inflorescence
not. Torus narrowly
CAULI
UFB02OROUS
FLOWERS
L
apex shield-like
C
60
or
IN
................2......10
about 1/3 of the
Pedicel 6-1 10
pedicel.
mm
long, pubescent
to
CONNATE
OR
FREE
Sepals
depressed ovoid,
2—l0(—l
7) mm long. VERY
or
Bud ovoid
glabrous.
BROADLY
OVATE
1.5928
thin and
outside, glabrous inside, occasionally
margin
somewhat broadly
IMBRICATE
IN acute.
TWO
SPREADING
openings
sed
Petals
SERIES
between the bases of the
ovate to
elliptic,
7-12
broadly ovate),
7-20
mm
pubescent outside),
mm
long,
or
absent.
ed. Stamens
FREE
NUMEROUS
UP
Carpels
petals, free,
outer
long, 5—lO(—l8)
4~7
mm
C
mm
40
apex rounded,
MATURITY
whorl
OR
(very) broadly
wide,
wide, glabrous
coriaceous,
þ
margin
TO
ciliate,
AT
inner whorl
both sides
on
to
rarely
ONLY
depres-
elliptic (or
(or sometimes
often ciliate and/ or thin, apex round-
CROWDED
INTO
A
DEPRESSED
.....................3
sessile, 2—lobed,
L
Fruiting
glabrous.
Į
Infructescence
22-80
pedicel
C
mm
stout.
long,
5
borne
on
(the
base
of)
the trunk.
Fruit apocarpus.
BROAD
Monocarps
30701545
brous
or
pubescent
with
minute
hairs, scurfy
when young
sessile
Seeds
to
at maturity.
2
1
IN
ONE
OR
TWO
to
verruculose,
ROWS
more or
less
stipitate
HORIZONTAL
....................022040
ruminations lamellate.
Distribution
Java,
Ecology
soils,
Thailand, Vietnam; in Malesia: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo,
—
and Bali.
up
to
—
In
800
primary
m
or
altitude.
disturbed lowland
forests,
on
sandstone
or
limestone
432
Fig.
a.
BLUMEA
1.
Morphological characters
Trunk with fruits;
photograph
TFB 4052
Raya
S.
1032
23802
(AAU); j:
in
Stelechocarpus.
flowers (male);
4
(1980);
b:
and lateral
(K); f,
g: S
c.
40,
—
No.
2,
a—d. S.
1995
burahol (Blume)
stamen, dorsal
Lörzing
cauliflorus (Scheff.)
dorsal, ventral,
[e: Henderson
Phengkhlai
mature
Bul. Kebun
(L)]. — e—k.
h. stamens,
fallen
in
b.
Vol.
11332
R.E. Fr. e.
c:
Achmad
(Lee)
40078 ; h: Kostermans
(L)].
g.
14062
d.
(L);
flower
flower remnant
i.
idem; j:
Hook. f. & Thomson,
side;
1289
Inflorescence; f,
view;
Kostermans 21249
stamens,
(L);
and ventral
(L);
i;
fruit [a:
from
d: Laumonier
and stamens;
after
petals
have
van Beusekom
&
E. C. H. van
Heusden:
KEY
la. Leaves often
pale
green
when
TO
433
of Stelechocarpus
Revision
THE SPECIES
male inflorescences
dry;
ramiflorous,
female in-
florescences cauliflorous; male flowers smaller than female ones; flowers
yellow,
cream,
nate
mm
in female
long;
ed into
green, rarely
or
flowers,
both whorls of
the
cauliflorous;
1.
purplish
or
Stelechocarpus
1
at
long;
outer
maturity;
burahol
burahol
(1825)
Stelechocarpus
Indie 31
stamens
or
carpels
con-
crowd-
1. S. burahol
mass
male and female inflores-
dry;
equal
rarely pale
in
green; buds
carpels
usually pink-
depressed ovoid;
the inner whorl
petals spreading,
stamens or
flowers
size;
crowded into
14.
burahol
(1870)
5.
Hook. f. &
(Blume)
—
Type:
Prov.
Blume
Tjanjor,
(Blume)
—
Type:
Hook. f. & Thomson
(Blume)
Thomson, Fl.
Monte
Parang;
fl.
Hook. f. & Thomson
Cult.
Hort.
Ind.
1
(1855)
(lectotype designated
s.n.
a
enclosing
depressed
Fig.
—
94.
here:
—
1a—d
Uvaria burahol Blume,
L sh
898.63-77;
iso
K, L,
Aug., Sept.
var.
longiflorus Scheff.,
Nat.
Ned.
Tijdschr.
Bog. IV-G-35, origin: Indonesia, Java (holo BO?,
n.v.;
K, L).
Tree up to
SUB
25
sometimes
sparsely pubescent beneath,
lamina
cm
usually
sometimes
2. S. cauliflorus
P), Indonesia, Java,
iso
mm
least outside,
or
in female flowers 1.5-2
long,
maturity;
free
mass
Stelechocarpus
Bijdr.
at
mm
brownish green when
or
at
carpels
or
ovoid; sepals
male and female flowers
connate, 2-10
stamens
ovoid
petals spreading
(very broadly) conical-ovoid
a
ish, reddish,
sepals
buds
in male flowers 1-2
b. Leaves often dark brown
cences
purple;
m high. Twigs (almost)
CORIACEOUS
glabrous. Leaves
elliptic
wide,
elliptic-oblong,
to
base acute, apex acute,
sides, glabrous
or
sometimes
numerous
sometimes
acuminate,
to
or
brownish
(ob)ovate,
caudate,
to
OR
reddish dots beneath,
8-26
midrib
cm
2.5-8.5
long,
prominent
beneath. Petiole 5-12
sparsely pubescent
(0.5 —)1—2(—2.5) mm in diameter, glabrous.
RAMIFLOROUS
MORE
on
mm
both
long,
MaleUFB02OWERS
inflorescence
....02..........03....................48
FREE
long, pubescent.
Bud
(broadly)
BROADLY
ovoid, 5-6 mm long. Sepals
TRIANGU
121.52
and more or less rounded
at
IMBRICATE
IN
the
BUD
very
tip. Petals
SPREADING
AT
MATURI
4725
broadly
ing
ovate, sometimes inner whorl smaller than
the stamens,
4-7
mm
margins thin and ciliate,
NUMEROUS
long,
1.5-4
mm
wide,
outer
whorl and
glabrous
on
rounded. StamensINTO
CROWDED
apex
not
both
A
enclos-
fully
sides,
Į
VERY
1.21.5
shie1d—Iike, somewhat broadened,
Female
CAULI UFB02OROUS
inflorescence
or
UFB02OWERS
sometimes
L C
truncate.
Torus
20 IN FASCICLES
narrowly
FROM
conical.
WOODY
TUBER
...610.20100...............................
4-8 mm long. Sepals
(broadly) ovoid,
FREE
OR
SOMETIMES
CONNATE
SEMIORBICULAR
1.5223
pubescent
to
glabrous, outside, glabrous inside,
apex
rounded
or
sometimes acute,
BLUMEA
434
Vol.
40,
Petals
rounded at the very
IMBRICATE
IN tip.
BUD
SPREADING
No.
AT
1995
2,
MATURITY
BROADLY
EL
7125747
mm
wide, glabrous
on
both sides,
rounded.
NUMEROUSCarpels
CROWDED INTO
A
thin and
usually
Į margin
VERY
BROADLY
CONICAL
ciliate,
OVOID
the apex
MASS
C
3
2............................02
HOME
to subglobose with an irregular surface, glabrous,
ON
Infructescence
-
.....
30-80 mm long, stout.
1
3
Fruiting pedicel
BROADLY
OBOVOID
Monocarps
3045153845
with short
sessile
at
hairs, scurfy,
more or
maturity. Seeds
2
Distribution— Malesia:
Bali.
—
2. Distribution
Habitat &
up
to
800
Field
often
m
3,
less
light
20-40
Malay
brown when
mm
dry, stipitate
when young
to
long.
Peninsula
(Johore),
Sumatra, Borneo,
Java, and
2.
Fig.
Fig.
or
Ecology—
map
In
of
Stelechocarpus
primary
or
burahol
(Blume)
disturbed lowland
Hook. f. & Thomson.
forests,
on
sandstone
soils,
altitude.
notes—
fragrant.
Buds green. Flowers green
Fruit
to
greenish yellow turning
yellow
brown
or
or
cream,
rarely dirty purple,
chocolate when
ripe, pulp
sweet.
Note— There
ferent
trees.
are
Data
on
several Blume collections available which
locality
or
other useful information is
most
of these collections. The collection which has been distributed
baria
(K, L, P)
is
designated
here
as
lectotype.
be from dif-
seem to
lacking
on
the labels of
over
several her-
E.C.H. van
Heusden:
cauliflorus
Stelechocarpus
Stelechocarpus cauliflorus (Scheff.)
flora Scheff.,
Ann.
Jard.
Gard. Bull.
J.Sinclair,
Indonesia, Sumatra,
Stelechocarpus
Finet &
iso
Icon.
Bog. (1899) 12;
Hort.
nitidus
King,
R.E.
Fr.,
Buitenzorg
1
14
Soc.
HOLO
K
2
(Aug. 1953)
Fl.
Bot. France
J.
5.
—
t. 71.
43.
in dense
Hist. Soc.
THAILAND
KHAO RUM
Cult. Hort.
(holo BO?,
1,
4
(1892)
59.
forest
Siam 6
42.
(July 1953)
—
Sageraea cauliCat.
Stelechocarpus cauliflorus (Scheff.)
—
53,4 (1906)
Nat.
2
Stelechocarpus schefferi Boerl.,
Type:
—
s.n.
Penins.
Malay
Bot., 3,
(1885)
(1899) 199,
CAL, n.v.), Malay Peninsula, Perak,
Stelechocarpus longipes Craib,
ERYL SMITH 643
Arkiv. f.
Lampong, Teijsmann
Mat.
435
of Stelechocarpus
R.E. Fr.
(Scheff.)
Bog.
Sing.
Prov.
Bull.
Gagnep.,
Bot.
Revision
—
on
254.
Type:
Bog. IV-H-58, origin:
iso
n.v.;
K, L).
nitida
Sageraea
—
King's coll.
7629
(King)
(lecto K;
low elevations.
(1923)
300 M ALT
43.
Type:Native
—
TREE 4 RN
coll.
HERB
FRUIT ORANGE
Tree up to 21 m
lenticels sometimes present. Leaves
CORIACE
high. Twigs glabrous,
when
dry, glabrous
lamina
8-31
elliptic
cm
minate,
long,
or
on
both sides,
usually
brown
numerous
narrowly elliptic-oblong, (ob)ovate-oblong,
to
3-9.5
cm
wide,
base
Petiole 4-10
imens), glabrous.
l—2.5
long,
mm
NOT OR SCARCELY SMALLER THAN FEMALE
flowers
both sides
on
dots
beneath,
narrowly obovate,
rounded, apex (tapering to) acute,
acute to
midrib prominent
caudate,
red
to
or
UFB02OWERS
not
(sometimes
in
in diameter,
mm
juvenile
acu-
specMale
glabrous.
BOTH CAULI UFB02OROUS OR OCCASIONALLY
...02.........02.......................021......60
fascicles from
7—65(—l10)
tubercles. Bracts 2-8,
woody
mm
long, pubescent
usually
one
bracteole present. Pedicel
glabrous. Bud broadly
or
CONNATE
TO
sometimes very broadly triangular—ovoid,
2-17 mm
to
depressedly ovoid,
ALMOST
Sepals
long.
21038
or
glabrous outside, glabrous inside,
most
completely
calyx
connate
with
apex rounded;
only
rudimentary sepal—lobes.
IMBRICATE
OUTERPetals
PETALS
the bases of the
tween
long,
6-18
mm
whorl, 5-6
mm
petals,
wide,
outer
small
rarely
opening
SPREADING
whorl
inner whorl
wide, glabrous
a
both
AT
sides
or
of
by
an
al-
the apex surrounded by
MATURITY
(yery) broadly (elliptic—)ovate,
elliptic, probably
on
buds enclosed
at
length
same
sometimes
as
THE
7-20
the
mm
outer
pubescent outside‘?,
rounded. Maleflowers:
STAMENS
coriaceous, sometimes margin thin and ciliate,
apex
.........................11.5
subapical,
trorse to
apex truncate,
anthers.
Female
CARPELS
NUMEROUS
flowers:
glabrous,
CROWDED
sometimes
or
INTO
A
not
above the
prolonged
DEPRESSED
OVOID
MASS
.32....................................02....
lnfructescence
borne
on
(the
thickened base
mm long, stout. Monocarps
2
5
BROADLY OBOVOID OR
of)
the trunk.
ELLIPSOID
Fruiting pedicel
22-65
TO SUBGLOBOSE
22
701445
hairs,
scurfy
2-11, in
verruculose,
to
one or
two
series,
dark brown
20-35
mm
Distribution —
Thailand, Vietnam;
and
Pulau
langor,
Sumatra.
—
Trengganu;
Fig.
Habitat &
to
black when
dry, dull,
sessile.
Seeds
long.
Malesia:
Tioman)
Malaysia (Kedah, Pahang, Perak,
and Borneo; type collection
reported
Se-
from
3.
Ecology
(Thailand, Vietnam)
—
or
In
primary
limestone
lowland rain
forests,
on
sandstone
(Malay Peninsula, Borneo),
up
to
or
400
sandy
m
soils
altitude.
BLUMEA
436
2. Distribution
Fig.
Field
blackish,
notes
or
—
map
Flower buds
black. Petals
of
to
pale brown, yellowish,
the
ground
No.
2,
1995
R. E. Fr.
Stelechocarpus cauliflorus (Scheff.)
purplish- Sepals blue-green, light brown,
outside pinkish brown, reddish,
touching
40,
dark brown-
blanc-rose, rose-pink, dirty pale brown, red-brown,
or
brown, pale brown,
Vol.
or
or
dull
inside
pinkish-yellowish,
or
red,
pink, darkening
white; rarely the flowers pale green. Fruits black, dark
or
brownish
or
laying
grey;
pulp pink
or
purple, soft.
in the litter. Sometimes flowers
or
Sometimes fruits
fruits covered with
ants.
Notes
According
which
garden",
inally
—
to
Scheffer (1885) the type collection
presumably
from Sumatra. I did
collections of Cult. Hort.
is the Botanic Garden of
not
see
of S.
Teijsmann
Bogor,
plant
have
"growing
and the
plant
long pedicels
which may be
when
compared
in their
came
collection. However, there
Bog. IV-H-58, origin Sumatra,
The flowers of this cultivated
specimens
the
was
are
origsome
isotypes.
with other
cauliflorus.
Within S.
cauliflorus
GEOGRAPHICAL
DIFFERENCES IN
THE MORPHOLOGY CAN BE
OBSERVED
............................1....
collections from elsewhere have
collections furthermore differ
greener
leaves,
and
with dorsal anthers
stamens
by longer
monocarps with
a
colours.
m
In the
generally paler
Poilane 3277 and 6304,
THE
SEPALS ARE ALMOST ENTIRELY
(Fig. 1i).
higher
two
The Thailand
number of
Vietnam
seeds,
collections,
CONNATE WITH ONLY A VERY
SMALL
...................02
ty. In contrast, in the collections from elsewhere sepals and
maturity,
in soil
whereas the inner petals remain closed.
preference.
prefer sandstone,
ed
to
The Thailand and Vietnam
whereas the
limestone. The
Malaysian
morphological
outer
Ecologically,
collections,
petals spread
there is
are
gradual,
however.
to
at
difference
like S. burahol,
and Bornean collections seem
differences
a
seem
to
be restrict-
E.C.H.
Heusden:
van
EXCLUDED
Stelechocarpus grandifolia WARB
Bot.
difolia (Warb.) Diels,
BOT
NAMES
JAHRB
Jahrb. 49
13
155.
(1912)
1891
Stelechocarpus?
Schoolfl. Java
Jav. Anon.
29.
(1911)
fr.
Gede, Pangerango;
45.
(1830)
June
Meiogyne
Herb. Blume
Type:
—
—
15
Sing.
(1858)
Uvaria
iso B, BM, K,
mon-
L), Java,
Van Heus-
Meiogyne virgata (Blume) Miq. (see
=
(holo
Pseud-
(Blume) Backer,
montana
(holo L;
—
=
7.
(1956)
22.
gran-
20084
2000 ft
Selillo,
Fl. Ind. Bat. 1,2
(Blume) Miq.,
montana
Blume, Fl.
tana
Gard. Bull.
grandifolia (Warb.) J.Sinclair,
306Mitrephora
Type: Warburg
—
B, n.v.), New Guinea, 'Sattelberg bei Finschhafen',
uvaria
437
of Stelechocarpus
Revision
den, 1994).
J. As. Soc.
Stelechocarpus punctatus King,
coll. 7183
Note
is
Calcutta)
ers.
a
mixed
The leaves
lechocarpus.
a
the type of this
(1955)
which consists of
collection,
of
are
Sinclair
to
(1892)
4.
—
Type: King's
Perak.
(holo CAL, n.v.), Malay Peninsula,
According
—
2
Beng. 61,
a
leaf
species {King
specimen
in Herb.
7183
,
and detached flow-
Pseuduvaria and do not have the characteristic midrib of Ste-
The flowers
belong
to
Stelechocarpus cauliflorus.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ivan Nielsen
fully
tion
corrected
for
kindly acknowledged
J. A.
the
KeBler
English
text.
me to Aarhus
inviting
commented
critically
Kirsten Tind
on
the
made the
material
the Human
studied:
was
and
Capital
AAU, E, K, L,
and P. The
(AAU),
manuscript
excellent
The author also wishes to thank the directors
maps.
which
in
is
Paul
manuscript.
and
and for
as
well.
and
drawing
curators of the
present study
was
critically reading the
Robbin
Moran
prepared
following
care-
the distribu-
herbaria from
supported by
an
EU-grant
Mobility Program.
REFERENCES
Burck,
W.
1890. Ueber
Jard. Bot.
Burck,
W.
Corner,
1906.
E.J.H.
Fachrurozi,
Gottsberger,
Heusden,
Heusden,
Koorders,
Bot.
Le
G.
Mutation
1989
van.
7:
A.
Naturelle,
Menninger,
(Stelechocarpus
(4):
Knight-Darwin'sche Gesetz.
Ann.
Kleistogamie.
ed.
3,
1:
Rec. Trav.
135-146, pi.
Bot. Nderl.
15-18. The
2: 37-164.
Malayan
Nature
wenn
burahol
Raya4:
die Kafer
(Bl.)
Hk. f. &
Th.)
deodoran
tempodulu
dan
127-130.
kommen, Bestaiibung
der Bedecktsamer.
Forschung
22-25.
1992. Flowers
1994. Revision
1902. Notizen mit
Buitenzorg
Thomas,
das
of Annonaceae:
Morphology, classification,
and
evolution
1-218.
E.C.H. van.
S. H.
der
Malaya,
Bull. Kebun
1989. Abends
Suppl.
als Ursache
trees of
und
20-22.
Lumpur.
DFG)
E.C.H.
im weiteren Sinne
134-139, pi.
Wayside
pelestariannya.
der
Blumea
8:
1980. Burahol
Z.
masalah
(Mitt,
Die
1988.
Kuala
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Kleistogamie
Buitenzorg
18:
82-91, fig.
1969. In: A.
of
Meiogyne (Annonaceae). Blumea
Abbildungen einiger
38: 487-511.
interessanter cauliflorer Pflanzen.
Aubreville,
Flore du Gabon
16:
1-371.
Museum
National
Paris.
E.A. 1967.
Fantastic
Ann.
Jard.
7.
trees:
250-252.
The
Viking Press,
New
York.
d'Histoire
438
BLUMEA
& M. Waha.
Morawetz, W.,
Oxandra
Vol.
No.
40,
1986. Pollen-Ultrastruktur
(Annonaceae). Sitzungsber.
Osterr. Akad.
1995
2,
bei
Systematik
und
Cremastosperma
Kl., Wien, Abt. 1,
Math.-Naturw.
Wiss.,
und
195:
309-314.
Okada, H.,
& K.
Ueda.
1984.
studies
Cytotaxonomical
Asian
on
PI.
Annonaceae.
Evol.
Syst.
144:
165-177.
1885. Sur
R.H.C.C.
Scheffer,
J.
Sinclair,
1955. A revision
nouvelles
quelques plantes
Ann. Jard. Bot.
nonaceae).
2:
Buitenzorg
of
Annonaceae.
Malayan
ou
peu
connues
de
Indien
l'Archipel
(An-
1-31.
Gard.
Bull.
Straits
Settlem.,
14:
3,
ser.
149—
516.
C.G.G. J.
Steenis,
20:
1931. Schets
van.
de flora
van
J.W.
Walker,
1971. Pollen
Herb.
Gray
202:
548, 1056,
Achmad
Backer
30419:
gooy
&
1
van
—
morphology, phytogeography
1
10 & IV-H-65
8:2
Forbes
Hamzah
12:
34,
1
2
—
2
77832:
2
1289:
1
Anderson
—
Bakhuizen
5689:
Chew
2
van
—
Lam 2281:
Maxwell
Nasution
2953,
Beusekom
1;
IV-H-58
995, 1006, 2542:
1
—
&
2
4930:
1
—
van
—
Phengkhlai
5249:
Balgooy
1
—
van
Bal-
1032: 2.
196: 2
Congdon
—
Cult. Hort.
IV-G-
Bog.
158: 2.
Dumas
1643:
1.
1
—
FR1
series:
15377
(Everett): 1;
(Whitmore): 2;
17194
(Singh): 2;
2.
Henderson
KeBler
10721, 21859, 22368,
642:
616:
Koorders
—
1
14117
2.
—
Larsen
11332:
85-372,
23802:
2
Hochreutiner
—
2315:
1
—
Holttum
1.
2
—
et
Kiew
3643:
2
—
571, 572, 573, 577,
al.
2
—
30695,
King's
11402,
collector
Kostermans et al. 354:
42148:
2
—
7629,
14818, 38853,
1
—
8224:
39282:
1
—
—
1
—
Kochummen
Kostermans
Unesco 94:
Kostermans
Laumonier TFB 4052:
2
Lobb
305:
2
1.
—
Lor-
1.
85-710:
2
—
Murata &
Noboyuki
Fukuoka
J 400:
1.
80: 2.
3256, 3390,
Poilane
van
R.E. Fr.
1.
—
zing 5585,
3531:
6304:
3277,
1.
2.
7279: 2.
S series:
13188
38292
40832:
P.
2
2036:
—
800:
Valeton 797:
Wasijat
2
20272
40553
—
Sinclair
E. Smith 643:
(Anderson
(George): 1;
2
6614, 8617,
—
van
&
40078
Steenis
Ashton): 2;
(Lee):
10040:
5706,
2;
Chai
& Lee
S 22870
(Chai
&
Lee):
2.
10041:
17515:
1
1
—
—
Sinclair
&
Kiah bin
Salleh
2.
Stone 6965:
2.
1.
6181:
79267:
(Smythies): 2;
(George): 2;
Shah & Noor
Teo &
Contr.
12519: 2.
den Brink
157:
5219, 13323, 14062, 21249:
2;
of the Annonaceae.
phylogeny
Hook. f. & Thomson
(Blume)
Wee Lek CWL. 684:
IV-G-35
Horsfield
—
402:
Kerr 7121:
burahol
Stelechocarpus cauliflorus (Scheff)
—
1604a:
(Chan):
24707:
Ridley
Natuur
collections
Stelechocarpus
156,
Gees'nk et al. 7323:
Okada
Tjibodas bij Tjiampea. Trop.
2.
1299,
25082
of
L
Dransfield
—
Endert5133:
and
2.
Setten
20347:
Clemens
Iboet
den G.
1-132.
Index
David
van
79.
1
—
de Wilde
2.
Zollinger 671,
3033:
1.
& de
Wilde-Duyfjes
20381:
1
—
Wirawan
62:
1
—
Wyatt-Smith