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Body Systems Study Guide
Skeletal System
-There are 206 bones in the body.
-The skeleton supports the body.
-The skeleton is made up of bones held together by cartilage and ligaments.
-Bones contain calcium.
-The smallest bones are in the ear; the strongest bone in the body is the femur (thigh bone).
-Bone are hallow
-Bones are filled with soft marrow that makes red blood cells.
Muscular System
-The muscles in our body help us do many important things like: breathe, blink, walk, and grab things.
-There are 600 muscles in the body!
-It takes 34 muscles to frown but only 13 muscles to smile!
-The body is able to move because of muscles.
Circulatory System
-The heart is a hollow muscle that has four chambers.
-The valves closing make the beating sound, as the heart allows blood to pass in and out of the
chambers.
-Blood passes through the right side of the heart, to the lungs, to the left side of the heart, and out to
the body.
-Veins take blood back to the heart.
-Arteries take blood out to the rest of the body.
-Blood is made up of platelets, plasma, white blood cells and red blood cells.
The Digestive System
-Your teeth grind up food into small pieces to be digested by the stomach.
-The tongue helps us swallow food, and then the food goes down the esophagus to the stomach.
-The stomach is a muscle, which mixes up food. It is like a “holding tank” for food.
-The stomach turns the particles of food into liquid.
- The kidneys make bile, which helps break up the food so our body can use it.
-In the small and large intestines, some of the liquid is absorbed into the body to be used for fuel.
-The rest continues through the small and large intestines where nutrients are further absorbed for
the body to use and water is squeezed out.
-The solid waste (part of the food our bodies can’t use) leaves our body through the anus.
Nervous System
-The human brain is a complex organ that allows us to think, move, feel, see, hear, taste, and smell.
-It controls our body, receives information, analyzes information, and stores information (our
memories).
-The brain produces electrical signals to communicate to the body through nerves.
-The adult human brain weighs 3 pounds.
-The brain is connected to the spinal cord, which runs from the neck to the hip area.
-The spinal cord carries nerve messages between the brain and the body.
-The cranium (the top of the skull) surrounds and protects the brain.
-The spinal cord is surrounded by vertebrae (hollow spinal bones).
Respiratory System
-Everyone has a set of lungs. They are like balloons.
-Each adult lunch is about the size of a football.
-When we breathe in, our lungs take in “good” air filled the oxygen our body needs.
-When we breathe out, we exhale a bad gas called carbon dioxide.
-These are organs work together in this system: the lungs, the nose, and the trachea.
-The air first enters our body through the nose.
-Air then travels down the trachea (two air passage tubes) to the lungs.
-In the lungs, oxygen is removed from the air you breathe and pumped into blood cells.
--Our lungs work together with our heart to carry oxygen all over our body.
-You breathe about 20 times per minute.