Download Giant Hormone Chart

Giant Hormone Chart
HORMONE NAME
CHEMICAL
CLASS
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
HORMONES
RELEASING GLAND
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
ROLE IN HOMEOSTASIS? WHY IMPORTANT?
TARGET: CELL, ORGAN, GLAND
HYPERSECRETION &/OR
HYPOSECRETION DISORDERS
Endorphins

Pain receptors in the brain


Growth Hormone

Bones



Glucocorticoids
Steroid
 Regulated by ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
 Raise blood glucose level
Mineralocorticoids
Steroid

Adrenal Cortex

Aldosterone
Steroid
 Triggered by angiotensin II
Epinephrine
Amine
 Synergistic effects w/
norepinephrine
Adrenal glands (on top of
kidneys)
Adrenal medulla
 Promote re-absorption of Na and excretion of K in
kidneys
 Prevent drop in blood pressure
+
 Reabsorb Na & H2O from urine
 Fight vs. flight response
 Increase metabolic activities
 Raise blood glucose level
 Constrict certain blood vessels


Norepinephrine
+
Cells in kidney
+


 Synergistic effects w/
epinephrine

Adrenal medulla
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
 Structurally similar to LH &
TSH

Anterior pituitary
Testes/ovaries
 Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids/
steroid hormones
 Stimulates production of ova & sperm
 Hyposecretion: dwarfism
 Hypersecretion: giantism
 Structurally similar to FSH
& TSH

Anterior pituitary
Testes/ovaries
 Stimulates growth (esp. bones)
 Metabolic functions
 Stimulates production of growth factors (ex. Insulinlike
growth factors (IGFs), etc.)
 Stimulates ovaries & testes
Anterior pituitary
Mammary glands

 Stimulates production of T3
& T4
 Structurally similar to LH &
FSH

Anterior pituitary
Thyroid
 Stimulates milk production/secretion
 Varied effects from species to species
 Stimulates thyroid gland
Anterior pituitary
Melanocytes
 Regulates activity of pigment-containing cells in skin

Posterior pituitary
Collecting ducts in kidneys
Posterior pituitary
Mammary glands, uterine
muscles
 Hyposecretion : Diabetes
insipidus

Ovaries






ACTH
Peptide
FSH
Glycoprotein
GH
Protein
LH
Glycoprotein
Prolactin (PRL)
Protein
TSH
Glycoprotein
MSH
Peptide
ADH (Vassopressin)
Peptide
Oxytocin
Peptide
 N/a; regulated by water/salt
balance

Estrogens
Steroid
 Regulated by FSH & LH
Anterior pituitary
Prevent dehydration
Reabsorb water from urine
Stimulates contraction of uterus & mammary gland cells
Mammary glands secrete milk
Stimulate uterine lining growth
nd
Promote development & maint. of female 2 sex chara.





Progesterone
Steroid
 Regulated by FSH & LH
Ovaries
Glucagon
Protein
 Antagonistic to Insulin
Pancreas
Mostly liver, some body cells
Insulin
Protein
 Antagonistic to glucagon
Pancreas
Fat cells, muscle cells, red
blood cells
Parathyroid hormone
(PTH)
Peptide
 Opposite effect of calcitonin
 Works with active Vit. D
Parathyroid glands
(embedded in surface of
thyroid)
 Osteoclasts (in bone)
 Kidneys
Melatonin
Amine

Pineal gland
Prostaglandins
Modified fatty
acids (lipid)
Androgens (ex.
Testosterone)
Thymosin
Steroid




SCN cells in brain (biological
clock)
Uterine muscles
Peptide

Thymus






Calcitonin
Peptide
 Opposite effect of PTH
Thyroid
 Lowers blood calcium level

T3
Amine
 Converted from T4
Thyroid

T4
Amine

T4 converted to T3
Thyroid
 Maintains normal blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone,
digestion, reproductive functions
 Increasing rate of O2 consumption & cellular metabolism

HORMONE NAME
CHEMICAL
CLASS
PGE (muscles relax)
PGF (muscles contract)
Antagonostic to each other
Regulated by FSH & LH
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
HORMONES
Placenta
Testes
RELEASING GLAND
TARGET: CELL, ORGAN, GLAND
 Promotes uterine lining growth

 Raises blood glucose level
 Stimulates the hydrolysis of stored energy (fat, glygocen)
to glucose
 Lowers blood glucose level
 Stimulates the uptake of glucose

 Raises blood calcium level
2+
 Osteoclasts – decompose bone & release Ca
2+
 Kidneys – resabsorb Ca & convert Vitamin D to active
form
 Involved in biological rhythms (light/dark cycles)
Stimulate contraction of smooth muscles in uterine wall
Local regulators
Helps induce labor
Support sperm formation
nd
Promote development & maint. of male 2 sex chara.
Stimulates T lymphocytes-
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
ROLE IN HOMEOSTASIS? WHY IMPORTANT?
 Hyposecretion: diabetes mellitus
 Type 1 – autoimmune disorder,
pancreas is attacked
 Type 2 – reduced responsiveness
to insulin
 Hyposecretion: tetany –
convlusive contractions of
skeletal muscles (fatal)




 Hyposecretion: cretinism = slow
skeletal growth & poor mental
development
 Lack of iodine: goiter
HYPERSECRETION &/OR
HYPOSECRETION DISORDERS