Download Study guide and potential essay questions for Chapter 10 – Muscle

BI 251 - Fall
Study guide and potential essay questions for Chapter 10 – Muscle tissue
•
Same instructions/information as those printed in this space on the Chapter 1 Study
Guide.
Skeletal Muscle Terms
A band, acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), all-or-none principle,
calsequestrin, concentric contraction, cross-bridges, eccentric contraction, endomysium,
epimysium, excitation-contraction coupling, F actin, G actin, H zone, I band, isometric
contraction, isotonic contraction, latent period, M line, metabolic acidosis, motor end
plate, motor unit, motor unit, muscle tone, myofiber, myofibril, myofilament, myomesin,
myosin, myosin-binding site, neuromuscular junction, perimysium, recruitment,
phosphagen system, rigor mortis, sarcolemma, sarcomere, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic
reticulum (SR), satellite cell, series elastic component, thin and thick filaments, titin,
transverse tubule (T-tubule), treppe (warm up effect), tetany, tropomyosin, troponin,
wave summation, Z band, zone of overlap
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
1. List the events that lead to the contraction of a muscle cell. Include all information
contained in the three lecture note slides that are cleverly titled, “Events Leading to
Contraction.”
2. “Resting” muscles cells are, by definition, not contracting, but they are prepared to
do so. List the physiologically relevant conditions that exist in a resting muscle cell.
3. What is the function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?
4. Perry Mason has some questions for you: What is rigor mortis? Specifically, why
does rigor mortis appear after death? What causes it to disappear?
5. Define the term “excess postexercise oxygen consumption” (EPOC)? What factors
are thought to cause EPOC?
6. Define the term “latent period” as it relates to muscle physiology.
7. What factors contribute to muscle fatigue?
8. Compare and contrast Slow Oxidative (Slow) and Fast Glycolytic (Fast) muscle fiber
types with respect to:
• ATP hydrolysis rate, ATP production (aerobic vs. anaerobic), capillary supply
(density), color, contraction speed, fatigue resistance, fiber cross-sectional
diameter, glycogen content, mitochondrial density, myoglobin content,
recruitment order, and substrates for ATP production.
• A table or list could constitute a very good answer to this question. However, a
clear comparison of the two types must be evident.
• Please remember that these characteristics are interrelated – do not memorize a
bunch of unrelated facts! The names of the fiber types were chosen to indicate
the characteristics of the fiber types.
BI 251 - Fall
•
See lecture notes. Use Table 10-3, p. 309 in the text for clarification, if
necessary, but I specifically want you to use the table in the lecture notes to
answer this question if it is on the exam. I have a reason for this; ask me and I’ll
tell you what my reason is.
9. What factors influence the maximum force that a muscle fiber is able to generate?
What factors influence the maximum force that a whole muscle is able to generate?
10. Explain how the length of a muscle fiber at the time that it is stimulated to contract
affects the tension (force) that it is able to generate during contraction. (A properly
labeled graph could be a good answer.)
11. List five functions of skeletal muscle.
12. List four (4) general ways in which drugs or toxins might excite or inhibit muscle
contraction.
13. Define the term “all-or-none principle” as it relates to the contraction of a muscle
fiber.
14. Be certain that you understand the ways in which muscle cells produce ATP for
contraction during rest, moderate activity and peak exercise. (Figure 10-20)
Checkpoint Questions
Page 308
9. How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine release affect skeletal muscle
contraction?
11. Predict what would happen to a muscle if the motor end plate failed to produce
acetylcholinesterase. Explain.
Page 316
12. Why does a muscle that has been overstretched produce less tension?
Page 324
19. Which activity would be more likely to create an “oxygen debt”: swimming laps or
lifting weights? Explain your answer.
Page 328
24. Which type of muscle tissue is least affected by changes in extracellular Ca2+
concentration during contraction?
Smooth Muscle Terms
calmodulin, dense bodies, gap junction, intermediate filaments (desmin), multi-unit
smooth muscle, myosin light chain kinase, pacemaker cells, single-unit (visceral)
smooth muscle
Smooth Muscle Potential Short-answer Question
1. List the steps involved in the contraction of smooth muscle fiber.