Download Weed Identification Guide

W EED ID EN T IFI CAT I O N G UI DE
BRO A DLE A F W E E DS
G RAS SES & S ED G E S
Carpetgrass
• Mat-forming perennial
• Smooth leaf blades w/ rounded tips
• Hairs on leaf base
• Southeastern US
(especially in Centipedegrass)
Green Kyllinga
Carolina False Dandelion
• Mat-forming perennial sedge
• Winter annual or biennial
• Dark green leaves and stems,
up to 6" in height
• Erect, branched pale green stems with
bright yellow flowers
• Seedhead starts pale green
but turns brown
• Sharply-pointed leaves with
deeply-lobed margins
• 3 short leaves just below seedhead
• Southeastern US, north to PA and west
to KS and TX
• Southern US
Clumpy Rye
Yellow Nutsedge
•Low-growing winter annual or perennial
• Erect, perennial sedge
•Tufted, hairless grass without stolons
or rhizomes
• Light green, smooth, grass-like leaves
with pointed tips, arranged in sets of 3
•Dark green leaves
• Leaves lack collars, ligules and auricles
- Upper surface – prominent parallel veins
• Reproduce by single tubers grown
from rhizomes
- Lower surface – smooth and glossy
•Throughout US including HI, Puerto
Rico and US Virgin Islands
• Can grow up to 3' high
• Throughout US
Purple Nutsedge
Large Crabgrass
• Summer annual
• Leaf blades longer than 2", usually hairy
• Erect perennial sedge
Creeping Beggarweed
Broadleaf Plantain
• Large, taprooted perennial
• Perennial herb
• Long, multi-branched, hairy runners
rooting at nodes
• Distinctive basal rosette of leaves and
fibrous root system
• Elliptical-shaped, pointy-tipped,
trifoliate leaves of varying sizes
• Egg-shaped leaves with parallel
main veins
• Throughout FL and southern TX
• Throughout US, excluding Northeast
Carolina Geranium
Dichondra
• Winter annual or biennial
Prostrate Knotweed
• Mat-forming, summer annual
• Semi-erect, 8"-28" tall
• Creeping, prostrate perennial
• Greenish-pink to red, densely
hairy stems
• Roots at the nodes
• Smooth, blue-green leaves,
oblong to linear shaped
• Light, pale green leaves are round
to kidney-shaped
• Alternating leaves joined to stem by
sheathing membrane
• Moist turf and woods from VA to TX
• Flowers from late spring until frost
• Round to oval, hairy leaves,
with blunt-toothed margins
• Throughout US, including HI
• Throughout US
Carpetweed
Dogfennel
Purple Cudweed
• Dark green, smooth, grass-like leaves
with rounded tips, arranged in sets of 3
• Prostrate summer annual
• Tall-growing, short-lived perennial
• Smooth, light green, spoon-shaped leaves
• Upright summer or winter annual
(cooler climates)
• Leaves lack collars, ligules and auricles
• Leaves are arranged in whorls of
5-6 per node
• Feathery leaves are deeply dissected,
with hair-like linear segments
• Also a biennial (warmer climates)
• Lower leaves are opposite,
while upper leaves alternate
• Spike-like flowers bloom from Apr – Oct
• Germinates in early spring
• Reproduce by chains of tubers grown
from rhizomes
• Throughout US, except FL
• Can grow to around 1' high
• Southeastern & Western States, CA, OR
and some Midwest & Mid-Atlantic states
• Tiny, white flower clusters of 2-5,
mid-summer through early fall
• Develops from a basal rosette of leaves
• Upper leaf surface covered with woolly,
white hairs
• Throughout US
• From MA, south to FL and
west to TX and AR
Cat’s-ear Dandelion
Dollarweed
Common Purslane
•Perennial
• Summer perennial with several species
• Prostrate, mat-forming summer annual
• Multiple yellow upright flowers
resemble Dandelions
• Shiny, bright green leaves,
approximately 1" in diameter
• Alternating or nearly opposite leaves
• Leaves are toothed and edges
slightly pointed
• Leaves are round with scalloped margins
• Eastern seaboard, west to MS
• Warm-season states like FL and TX
• Throughout US
Poa annua
Dallisgrass
• Small, clumped, winter annual
• Warm-season clumpy perennial
• Tall, pointed, membranous ligule
• Flat, wide leaves with fine hairs
• aka Caterpillar Grass
• Southeastern US, north to mid-Atlantic
states and west to TN
Doveweed
• Smooth, yellow-green leaf blades with
keeled or boat-shaped tips
• Leaf sheath is smooth,
compressed and keeled
• aka Annual Bluegrass
• Throughout US in excessively wet,
compacted soils
Rescuegrass
• Summer annual, but germinates later
in the season
• Cool-season perennial bunchgrass
• Narrow, lance-shaped leaves with
short sheaths
• Flat leaf blades, up to 1' long
• Leaf stems root at nodes
• Grows 2'-4' high
• Southern US
• Summer annual
• Flattened stems radiating from
white/gray center
• Smooth leaves folded in bud
• Short-toothed, membranous ligule
at leaf base
• Temperate and warm regions of US
Gophertail Lovegrass
• Erect summer annual
• Smooth leaves with rolled vernation
• Hairs on upper margins of leaf sheaths
• NJ, south to FL and west to TX
Florida Betony
Chamberbitter
• Upright perennial herb
• Warm-season annual
• Smooth or hairy
• 2 rows of leaves arranged oppositely
on branchlets
• Lance-shaped leaves with rounded
margins arranged oppositely along stem
• Leaves are thin, with smooth margins
• Freely-branched from slender underground
stems with segmented tubers
• aka Gripeweed, Little Mimosa
• Southern US from FL to TX,
also in the tropics
• Southeastern US
Goosegrass
• aka Pennywort
• Native to FL, now north to VA and west
to TX
American Burnweed
• Robust summer annual
• Flat, hairy to almost smooth leaf blades
• Creeping stems root at nodes
• Short rhizomes can form a clump
• Compound leaves divided into 3 leaflets
• Alternating, oval-shaped leaves,
slightly rough with hairy margins
• aka Bull Paspalum
• White band may encircle leaflet base
• Throughout US, primarily along
eastern corridor
• Throughout US, including HI
Tropical Signalgrass
Common Chickweed
Lawn Burweed
• Warm-season perennial
• Mat-forming winter annual
• Trailing, creeping stems root at nodes
• Short-lived perennial in temperate regions
• Low-growing, freely-branched
winter annual
• Flat, hairy leaf blades and sheaths
• Shiny green, alternating, egg-shaped leaves
• Propagated by seeds and stolons
- Upper leaves – without petiole
• FL, GA, HI, Puerto Rico and MD
- Lower leaves – long, hairy petiole
• Spiraling, alternating, elliptic-to
lance-shaped leaves
• Flowers late spring through fall
• Yellow to orange-yellow flowers with
5 tiny teeth on petal edges
• aka Fireweed
• Eastern, Central and Southern US
• Flowering stalks branch from top of plant
• PA, south to FL and west to LA
• Throughout US, including HI and AK
• Freely-branched summer annual legume
• 3 oblong to egg-shaped leaves
with short spur at tips
• Leaves have prominent midveins with
parallel veins
• PA, south to FL and west to TX and KS
Black Medic
• Taprooted summer annual, also a
winter annual or biennial
• Dark green leaves with three leaflets
on long petioles
• Commonly found in unmaintained turf
• Throughout US, including HI
• Broken stems have a “milky” sap
• Southeastern, Northeastern and
Midwestern US
• Eastern US, west to ND and TX,
and into CA and OR
• aka Prostrate Spurge
Shiny Cudweed
• Erect summer or winter annual or biennial
• Prominent rosette of basal leaves
- Upper surface – bright, shiny green
- Lower surface – dense white hair
• Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of
Southeastern US states, west to TX
• Throughout Southeastern US,
north to NY, west to KS and TX, also OR
Mouse-ear Chickweed
Virginia Buttonweed
• Winter perennial
• Mat-forming perennial herb
• Alternating, oblong leaves covered
with hair
• Shiny, dark green leaves, elliptic to lance-shaped
• Prostrate overall, with several
upright stems
• Leaves joined across stem by lightly
hairy membrane
• White flowers containing 5 petals
with notched ends
• White tubular flowers at each leaf axil
• Throughout US
Annual Lespedeza
• SC, south to FL and west to AL
• Germinates in spring
• Leaves are twice divided into
narrow lobes
• Flowers change to white puff balls
containing seeds
• Flowers mid-through late-summer
• White, tubular, clustered flowers
at branch tips
• Leaves alternate with sparse hair
• Single yellow flower at end of each
hollow stem
• Hairy leaves are opposite, with
differentiating base and teeth
on margins
• Freely-branched, prostrate,
mat-forming stems
• Branched, densely hairy stems
• Deep taprooted, stemless perennial
• Erect, hairy, branched stems
• Taprooted summer annual
• Low-growing perennial
• Warm-season annual
• Taprooted, warm-season annual
• Taprooted summer annual
• Warm-season perennial
Dandelion
Garden Spurge
Spotted Spurge
White Clover
Asiatic Hawksbeard
• Throughout US, common in Northwest,
less so in Pacific Northwest
Florida Pusley
Thin Paspalum
• Throughout US
• Spoon-shaped leaves rounded at tip,
narrowed at base
Corn Speedwell
• Throughout Southeastern US,
north to NJ, and west to MO
Yellow Woodsorrel
Bracted Plantain
• Low-growing winter annual
• Two levels of leaves
• Taprooted winter annual
-Lower leaves – rounded with
toothed margins
• Long, dark green, grass-like leaves
are hairy to smooth
- Upper leaves – smaller and more linear
• Throughout US and HI, not as
common in the Northeast and Southwest
• Throughout the US, excluding the
Rocky Mountain region
• Herbaceous perennial
• Found in warmer climates, as an annual
in cooler areas
• Alternating, green to yellow-green leaves
• Leaves divided into 3 heart-shaped,
partly-folded lobes
• Eastern and Central US
Revolver
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