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Download SS4H3 The student will explain the factors that shaped British
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SS4H3 The student will explain the factors that shaped British colonial America. a. Compare and contrast life in the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern colonies. b. Describe colonial life in America as experienced by various people, including large landowners, farmers, artisans, women, indentured servants, slaves, and Native Americans. Southern Colonies Province of Maryland, later Maryland (which comprised the Chesapeake Colonies) Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia (Virginia along with Maryland comprised the Chesapeake Colonies) Province of North Carolina, later North Carolina and Tennessee Province of South Carolina, later South Carolina Province of Georgia, later Georgia New England Colonies Province of New Hampshire, later New Hampshire Province of Massachusetts Bay, later Massachusetts and Maine Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, later Rhode Island and Province Plantations Connecticut Colony, later Connecticut Middle Atlantic Colonies Province of New York, later New York and Vermont Province of New Jersey, later New Jersey Province of Pennsylvania, later Pennsylvania Delaware Colony, later Delaware Southern Colonies Jamestown was the first successful English colony established in 1607 near Chesapeake Bay. Englishmen were sent here in present day Virginia as a business venture looking for gold. The London Virginia Company was not successful in there gold venture, since there was very little gold, wars with local Indians, and disease and starvation which the settlers were not prepared to encountered. However, the settlers turned tobacco into Virginia’s cash crop, which became the main source of its export economy. This flourishing business drew wealthier settlers to the area; they built plantations and imported indentured servants and slaves to work the tobacco fields. After the settlement of Virginia a group of English Lords Proprietors financed an attempt to colonize the Province of Carolina in 1663. This attempt was made with the hopes that this colony would be just as successful as Jamestown, it was not. About seven or eight years later a settlement was led by John West who took his mission to land that is now named Charleston. South Carolina established a successful trading business in provisions, deerskins and Indian captives with the Caribbean Islands. One of the islands South Carolina traded with was Barbados, which was known for its sugarcane plantation island. Barbados was also known for using large numbers of Africans in plantation style agriculture. During the 1690’s rice cultivation was introduced to South Carolina by the Africans who worked in the land in Barbados. The Province of Georgia was established in 1733, its main purpose was to provide a buffer between two colonies, Spanish Florida and British Carolinas. James Oglethorpe decided that it would be a great idea to settle this land with debtors from Great Britain, riding the country of unwanted individuals. Georgia was established on strict principles such as no slavery and alcohol, unlike its neighboring colonies. The moralistic principles caused the colony to suffer economically when compared to the Carolina, since Carolina was very successful with the rice plantations. As a result the laws were changed, slavery was allowed and Georgia came just as successful as Carolina. Unlike other colonies, Georgia never had a specific religion, this colony was comprised of people of varied faiths. The settlers in the Southern Colony were mostly wealthy people who own slaves, which were brought in from Africa to work the plantation. Being a plantation owner was a lucrative business yet slaves were very poor, earning just enough to live. When slaves had children their children were slaves as well, slaves also had no legal rights making it impossible to change their status. The women of these plantation owners were expected to be a social elite, dressing like the British and hosting parties. New England Colonies In 1620, a small group of Protestants who were called Pilgrims sailed to the New World on the Mayflower and settled in Massachusetts. The Pilgrims drafted a set of laws which was given the name Mayflower Compact; this gave them powers of self-governance within their colony called Plymouth Colony. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established in 1629 by the Puritans. This Colony was established with the main purpose of creating a more extremely religious colony in the New World. The Puritans aimed to be a religious self sufficient community with no desire to build off of others labor. The Plymouth Colony eventually merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and lead by William Bradford. In 1636, Rev. Roger Williams fled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Providence Plantation later known as Rhode Island Colony, after being banished for preaching about religious tolerance, separation of Church and State and various other ideas which were against the Puritans faith. The Puritans economy was based on self-supporting farmers who traded only for goods they could not produce. Small farm families comprised most of the land in this colony. The husband in this family had complete control over aspect of his family’s life, including his wife. The wife lost her identity after marriage, she could not be a landowner, file lawsuits, or participate in political life, even if she became a widow. The women’s role was to have many healthy children that could help take care of the land. The women were also responsible for providing the family with most of their clothing and domestic needs. As the population grew, the artisans provided their skills to the farmers in the area. Storeowners in this area traded imported goods with the farmers for a portion of their crops. Middle Atlantic Colonies The Dutch and the Swedish were the first to settle the land, later the Dutch lost control of the land. Around 1664 the British took the land from the Dutch and renamed this land the Province of New York. Out of this land derived the Province of New Jersey and the Province of Pennsylvania. The Delaware Colony later separated from the Province of Pennsylvania after being purchased by William Penn from both the Delaware Indians and King Charles II. The Delaware, Algonkian, and Iroquis Indians inhabited this land before immigrants settled. This land had rich soil, which was great for the production of wheat, grain, and oats. These colonies were not ran by a specific church or government therefore, the colonies were more religiously, politically, economically, and ethnically diverse. William, Penn, founded Pennsylvania in 1682 using policies of religious freedom and freehold ownership, which attracted a large amount of immigrants from Ireland, Switzerland, and Germany. Women in the German communities worked in the fields and stables. In the German and Dutch communities wives were allowed to write wills disposing of property, unlike the English colonial wives. Artisans worked with the aid of their wives and later taught their children their skills. Artisans, along with shopkeepers, seamstresses, shipwrights and other skilled professionals made up the middle class in these provinces. Farming in this colony was done differently than any other, the farmers used a mixed farming technique which produced crops for humans and animals. The farmers also had begun fertilizing their land and rotating production of crops. Indentured servants were used to assist in the fields and once the export business had grown they also worked on the seaports and in manufacturing systems. References http://www.cerritos.edu/soliver/American%20Identities/Making%20British%20America/Middle%20Colonies.htm http://www.ushistory.org/us/4.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States