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Body cells combine to form tissues and combinations of tissues compose the organs necessary for body functions. Organs act together as part of the body systems. For example, the kidneys are ( organs ).that function to filter blood as part of the urinary system. (urin/o means (urine) and -ary means (pertaining to) The Greek combining form for kidney is nephro/o and Latin is (ren/o) The medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of the urinary tract is called (urology) The physician who particularly specializes in the study and treatment of the kidneys is known as a (nephrologist) Examination of body cells and tissues is part of the medical specialty concerned with the study of disease known as (pathology) The physician who is a specialist in the study of disease 1 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins is called a (pathologist) Plas/o is a combining form meaning (formation), and dys- is a prefix meaning bad, difficult, or (faulty) . Dysplasia is the term used to describe abnormal cell and tissue development, and neoplasia, referring to a condition of (new) formation, is the term used to describe the formation of cells and tissue into tumor. The suffix for tumor is (-oma) . A cancerous tumor is called (carcinoma) . The specialty concerned with the study of tumors and cancers is (oncology) 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2 The cardiovascular system consists of the (heart) and (vessels) that transport blood throughout the body. Blood provides transport for oxygen nutrients and wastes the study of blood is called (hematology). Pneum/o meaning (air or lung) is the key combining form of the respiratory system which is responsible for gaseous exchange. Rhin/o is the Greek combining form for meaning (nose) and the Latin is (nas/o). The nervous system is a complicated network of nerves and fibres that control all functions of the body (neur/o)is the combining form for nerve The ductless glands of the endocrine system affect the function of organs by secreting hormones. Endo means (within) and crin/o means (to secrete) 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 3 Combining forms related to key structures of the tubular digestive tract are or/o meaning (mouth), gastr/o meaning (stomach), enter/o meaning (small) intestine and col/o or colon/o meaning (large) intestine. Hepat/o is combining form for (liver), the organ secreting bile The male and female reproductive systems produce sex cells and maintain the organs necessary for the production of human offspring. The physician who specializes in the treatment of the male and female urinary systems as well as the males reproductive system is called a uro(logist). Treatment of the female reproductive system involves two medical specialties obstetrics and (gynecology) (study of women) 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 4